scholarly journals Persistent Organic Pollutants in Serum and Several Different Fat Compartments in Humans

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
George W. Yu ◽  
John Laseter ◽  
Charles Mylander
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
The Difference

Background. Chemicals that store in lipid-rich compartments have the potential for long-term disruption of metabolic and endocrine processes. Given the evidence that persistent organic pollutants (POPs) also alter systemic metabolic, endocrine, and immune system functions, it follows that elevated chemical concentrations in intra-abdominal fat may alter function, through local chemical signaling, of visceral organs. Despite this potential, there has been little study defining POP concentrations in live human intra-abdominal fat. It is at present uncertain whether POPs distribute equally to all fat compartments, including fat in serum.Methods. Seven human subjects scheduled for elective surgery for benign lesions or cancer provided consent for removal of samples of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat and/or cancerous tissue. These samples were analyzed for 22 chlorinated pesticides and 10 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners by GC/ECD plus GC/MS.Results. In only two subjects were the patterns and relative concentrations of PCBs and pesticides about the same in all fat compartments. In the other subjects, there were major differences in levels in subcutaneous as compared to other compartments, but with some higher and some lower. While the pattern of PCBs in the various compartments matched that of the pesticides in some, it was opposite in others.Interpretation. These results demonstrate a complicated distribution of PCB congeners and pesticides in various lipid compartments. The difference may reflect various Kows, different rates of metabolism, and/or different lengths of exposure. But the results suggest that contaminant levels in serum or even subcutaneous fat do not necessarily indicate concentrations and patterns in other kinds of adipose tissue.

Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants as a risk factor of offspring metabolic syndrome development during childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlene Cervantes González
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Experimental Findings

Abstract Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are exogenous, artificially made chemicals that can disrupt the biological system of individuals and animals. POPs encompass a variety of chemicals including, dioxins, organochlorines (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCBs), and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) that contain a long half-life and highly resistant to biodegradation. These environmental pollutants accumulate over time in adipose tissues of living organisms and alter various insulin function-related genes. Childhood Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) consists of multiple cardiovascular risk factors, insulin function being one of them. Over the years, the incidence of the syndrome has increased dramatically. It is imperative to explore the role of persistent organic pollutants in the development of Childhood Metabolic Syndrome. Some epidemiological studies have reported an association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring MetS development throughout childhood. These findings have been replicated in animal studies in which these pollutants exercise negative health outcomes such as obesity and increased waist circumference. This review discusses the role of prenatal exposure to POPs among offspring who develop MetS in childhood, the latest research on the MetS concept, epidemiological and experimental findings on MetS, and the POPs modes of action. This literature review identified consistent research results on this topic. Even though the studies in this review had many strengths, one major weakness was the usage of different combinations of MetS criteria to measure the outcomes. These findings elucidate the urgent need to solidify the pediatric MetS definition. An accurate definition will permit scientists to measure the MetS as a health outcome properly and allow clinicians to diagnose pediatric MetS and provide individualized treatment appropriately.

Exposure to priority organochlorine contaminants in the Italian general population. Part 2

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
EJ Mrema ◽  
FM Rubino ◽  
S Mandic-Rajcevic ◽  
E Sturchio ◽  
R Turci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
General Population ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
The Body ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Organochlorine Contaminants ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Age Range

Concentrations of 36 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners were measured in serum of 372 Italian residents of general population living in Novafeltria, Pavia, and Milan. Total PCB level differed significantly between these sites ( p < 0.0001) with median concentrations of 836.50, 1354.57, and 2062.08 pmol/g lipid, respectively. However, there is no evidence for the difference in distribution of total PCB levels by genders. Total dioxin-like PCBs differed significantly ( p < 0.0001) between the sites (median 109.78, 50.88, and 166.99 pmol/g lipid, respectively) and genders of Novafeltria and Pavia ( p = 0.011 and 0.009, respectively). PCB 138, 153, 170, and 180 differed significantly between the places of residence ( p < 0.0001) with higher values in Milan population. In the overall population, total PCB and PCB 138, 153, 156, 170, and 180 correlated positively with age (correlations range between 0.320 and 0.569, p < 0.0001). In Novafeltria, the correlations ranged between 0.545 and 0.670, and in Pavia, the correlations ranged between 0.516 and 0.666. In Milan, correlations with age range between 0.327 and 0.417 for total PCB and congeners 138, 153, and 180. With an exception of PCB 170, there was no evidence of significant difference in the distribution of most abundant PCB congeners and total PCB across the body mass index categories.

Photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants under visible irradiation by TiO2 catalysts sensitized with Zn(II) and Co(II) tetracarboxy-phthalocyanines

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (08n11) ◽  
pp. 1190-1199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaghub Mahmiani ◽  
Altuğ Mert Sevim ◽  
Ahmet Gül
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Visible Irradiation ◽  
The Difference

Photo-excitation under visible light has been an important step to acquire solar-driven TiO2 photocatalysts and dye sensitization has been used frequently to extend the optical response of TiO2 into the visible region. In the present work, new heterogeneous photocatalysts were prepared by anchoring carboxylic acid substituted Zn(II) and Co(II) phthalocyanines onto polycrystalline TiO2 surface and their photocatalytic activities were investigated. Due to covalent bonding of carboxy-terminated molecules onto TiO[Formula: see text]semiconductors, we synthesized symmetric 4-hydroxybenzoic acid-bearing metallophthalocyanines as dye sensitizer molecules. Heterogeneous composites having titanium dioxide and metallophthalocyanines anchored via CO–O–TiO2 bonds were characterized by using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR), and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The optimum loading value of the dyes on TiO2 were 0.98 [Formula: see text]mol/g TiO2 for CoPc and 0.86 [Formula: see text]mol/g TiO2 for ZnPc, nearly independent of the amount of TiO2 used. These newly obtained heterogeneous photocatalysts were employed in the photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol(4-CP), chlorobenzene(CB) and 1,2,4-trichlorobenzen(TCB) in aqueous media under visible irradiation. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for quantitation. The new photocatalysts showed excellent activities with visible-region irradiation in the photocatalytic degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) as compared to the control experiments used with untreated TiO2 and the difference was attributed to the cooperation of the two elements, namely TiO2 and MPc. Experiments show that in two hours nearly complete degradation of POPs were observed.

Some secrets of a great river: an overview of the St. Lawrence River supplement

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D RS Lean
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Present Issue ◽  
Mercury Transport ◽  
New Information ◽  
Mixing Rates ◽  
St Lawrence River

The present issue attempts to cut across discipline boundaries and examines many of the suspected pollution problems in an ecological context. Each of the papers provides a rich literature on relevant issues so that the present studies can be placed in context with historical observations. The papers provide information on changes in plankton populations, macrophyte distribution, mixing rates of the water column, and the dynamics of sediments, where many of the metals and persistent organic pollutants reside. Papers on metals and persistent organic pollutants follow with special emphasis on the polychlorinated biphenyl problems of the Massena area of the Upper St. Lawrence River. Further downstream reliable models to predict polychlorinated biphenyl levels in whales were developed. Indicators for bioavailable metals in sediments were introduced and new information was provided on aspects of global mercury transport.

scholarly journals Biomonitoring of persistent organic pollutants in Egypt using Taphozous perforatus (Chiroptera: Emballonuridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-124
Author(s):  
Sameeh A. Mansour ◽  
Sohail S. Soliman ◽  
Kareem M. Soliman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Time Trend ◽  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Concentration Levels

Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that have chronic toxicity, tendency to contaminate the environment, and transfer into the food chain. This study was conducted to explore the use of bats as bioindicators to help understanding the time trend of POPs at the present time. Liver and kidney tissues from the Egyptian tomb bat (Taphozous perforatus) were subjected to the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) extraction prior to quantification by LC-MS/MS analyses. DDT (dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane) metabolites (e.g., o,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE), PCB congeners (e.g., PCB 118, PCB 138, PCB 180), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dicofol and sulphur were found in variable concentrations in the tissues of T. perforatus. Their concentration levels were affected with the bat sex and the season of sampling. Liver and kidneys were found to contain 0.39 µg/g wet weights of DDTs and 0.11 µg/g wet weights of PCBs. Concentration of the compound dichlorodiphenyl ethane (p,p’-DDE) predominated over the other DDT metabolites; giving rise to the DDE/∑DDT ratio of 0.82 as an indicative of pronounced decline in new DDT inputs to the environment. Also, concentration of the PCB 138 predominated that of the other congeners. There were correlations between liver and kidney concentrations of OCP and PCBs in both of them. It was concluded that these pollutants are still detectable in the environment; however in low concentration levels and far from lethal toxicity. Nevertheless, these findings may encourage the use of other bat species from urban and rural regions, as well as agricultural and industrial locations, as bioindicators.

Sex specific associations between in utero exposure to persistent organic pollutants and allergy-related outcomes in childhood: The Rhea Mother–Child Cohort (Crete, Greece)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Katerina Margetaki ◽  
Maria Alexaki ◽  
Evangelos Vittorakis ◽  
Theano Roumeliotaki ◽  
Vasiliki Leventakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
International Study ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Current Asthma ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Asthma And Allergy

Abstract Accumulating evidence suggests that in utero exposures can influence the development of the immune system. Few studies have investigated whether prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) is associated with allergy-related phenotypes in childhood, nor explored sex differences. We examined the association between prenatal exposure to POPs and offspring allergic outcomes in early and mid-childhood. We included 682 mother–child pairs from the prospective birth cohort Rhea. We measured dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and 6 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in maternal first trimester serum. Parents completed the questionnaires adapted from the International Study on Asthma and Allergy in Childhood (ISAAC) for allergy-related phenotypes when their children were 4 and 6 years old. We used Poisson regression models to estimate Risk Ratios. Prenatal HCB was associated with increased risk for rhinoconjunctivitis at 6 years (RR (95% CI): 2.5; (1.3, 4.8) for a doubling in the exposure). Among girls, prenatal DDE was associated with increased risk for current wheeze, current asthma and current rhinoconjunctivitis at 4 years (RR (95%CI): 1.4 (0.8, 2.6), 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) and 1.8 (1.0, 3.3) and p-interaction = 0.035, 0.027 and 0.059, respectively), with increased risk for current rhinoconjunctivitis at 6 years (RR (95%CI): 1.7 (0.7, 3.8) and p-interaction = 0.028) and total PCBs were associated with increased risk for current eczema at 4 years (RR (95%CI): 2.1 (1.1, 4.2) and p-interaction = 0.028). In boys, prenatal DDE was associated with decreased risk for current wheeze and current asthma at 4 years. Our findings suggest that even low levels of exposure to POPs prenatally may affect the development of childhood allergy-related outcomes in a sex and age-specific manner.

scholarly journals Modelling impact of climate change on atmospheric transport and fate of persistent organic pollutants in the Arctic

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 6509-6535 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. M. Hansen ◽  
J. H. Christensen ◽  
C. Geels ◽  
J. D. Silver ◽  
J. Brandt
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Persistent Organic Pollutants ◽  
Atmospheric Transport ◽  
Climate Scenario ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Environmental Concentrations ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. The Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) was applied to investigate how projected climate changes will affect the atmospheric transport of 13 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) to the Artic and their environmental fate within the Arctic. Two sets of simulations were performed, one with initial environmental concentrations from a 20 year spin-up simulation and one with initial environmental concentrations set to zero. Each set of simulations consisted of two ten-year time slices representing the present (1990–2000) and future (2090–2100) climate conditions. The same POP emissions were applied in all simulations to ensure that the difference in predicted concentrations for each set of simulations only arises from the difference in climate input. DEHM was driven using meteorological input from the global circulation model, ECHAM/MPI-OM, simulating the SRES A1B climate scenario. Under the applied climate and emission scenarios, the total mass of all compounds was predicted to be up to 20% higher across the Northern Hemisphere. The mass of HCHs within the Arctic was predicted to be up to 39% higher, whereas the change in mass of the PCBs was predicted to range from 14% lower to 17% higher depending on the congener and the applied initial environmental concentrations. The results of this study also indicate that contaminants with no or a short emission history will be more rapidly transported to and build up in the arctic environment in a future warmer climate. The process that dominates the environmental behaviour of POPs in the Arctic under a future warmer climate scenario is the shift in mass of POPs from the surface media to the atmosphere induced by the higher mean temperature. This is to some degree counteracted by higher degradation rates also following the higher mean temperature. The more dominant of these two processes depend on the physical-chemical properties of the compounds. Previous model studies have predicted that the effect of a changed climate on the transport of POPs to the Arctic is moderate relatively to the effect of proposed changes in emissions, which is confirmed in this study. However, the model studies do not agree on whether climate change acts to reduce or increase environmental concentrations of POPs in the Arctic, and further work is needed to resolve this matter.

Diabetes in Native Americans: elevated risk as a result of exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zafar Aminov ◽  
Richard Haase ◽  
David O. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Native Americans ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Polychlorinated Biphenyl ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Total Pcbs ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Pcb Congeners ◽  
Rate Ratios

AbstractWe have studied rates of diabetes in 601 members of the Mohawk Nation at Akwesasne, ages 18–84 years, in relation to serum concentrations of 101 polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners and three chlorinated pesticides [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and mirex]. Diabetes was determined from either a diagnosis by a physician or by having a fasting glucose concentration of >125 mg/dL. Rates of diabetes are high in this community. Three models were used. In the first model rate ratios (RR) were determined for quartiles of total PCBs after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index (BMI) and total serum lipids. For total PCBs RR=2.21 (1.2–4.2), while for total pesticides RR=3.75 (1.3–10.7). When the total PCB results were also adjusted for total pesticides and the total pesticide results were also adjusted for total PCBs (Model 2) the RRs were somewhat reduced. In Model 3 we considered subgroups of PCBs based on numbers of chlorines on the molecule (tri-/tetra, penta-/hexa, hepta plus) and numbers of

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