scholarly journals Biomarkers in Overactive Bladder: A New Objective and Noninvasive Tool?

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Antunes-Lopes ◽  
Sérgio Carvalho-Barros ◽  
Célia-Duarte Cruz ◽  
Francisco Cruz ◽  
Carlos Martins-Silva
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Exciting Field ◽  
Noninvasive Test ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Urinary Dysfunctions ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
Low Sensitivity ◽  
Lower Urinary

Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a highly prevalent urinary dysfunction, with considerable economic and human costs. Clinical diagnosis of OAB is still based on subjective symptoms. A new accurate, objective and noninvasive test to diagnose OAB and assess therapeutic outcome is lacking. Recent studies in lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunctions, particularly in OAB patients, indicate that urinary proteins (neurotrophins, prostaglandins, and cytokines), serum C reactive protein, and detrusor wall thickness are altered, and such changes could be used as biomarkers of the disease. Nowadays, increasing emphasis has been given to the role of urinary neurotrophins, namely nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as key players in some urinary dysfunctions. Although recently considered to be a bladder dysfunction biomarker, urinary NGF presents low sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary results suggest that BDNF may serve as a more efficient biomarker. Even though we have to wait for future studies to confirm the potential role of NGF and BDNF as OAB biomarkers, it is already clear that neurotrophins will contribute to elucidate the physiopathological basis of OAB. Herein are reviewed the latest advances in this new and exciting field, the detection and clinical application of emerging OAB biomarkers.

Potential Role of Endothelin and Nitric Oxide in Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Lower Urinary Tract

Endothelium ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. Mumtaz ◽  
M. A. Khan ◽  
M. E. Sullivan ◽  
C. S. Thompson ◽  
D. P. Mikhailidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Lower Urinary

scholarly journals Interactions of C-reactive protein with the complement system. II. C-reactive protein-mediated consumption of complement by poly-L-lysine polymers and other polycations.

1975 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Siegel ◽  
A P Osmand ◽  
M F Wilson ◽  
H Gewurz
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Egg White ◽  
Phosphate Esters ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Cationic Proteins ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Complement System

Cationic homopolymers of poly-L-lysine were found to activate complement (C) via C-reactive protein (CRP) and deplete C3 and C5 as well as early-acting C components. Maximum C consumption was obtained with polymers of 2,000-8,000 daltons; polymers of 1,700, 11,000, and 23,000 daltons were intermediate in reactivity, while L-lysine, lysyl-L-lysine, tetra-L-lysine, and polymers of 70,000-400,000 daltons lacked significant C-consuming activity. Naturally occurring polycations which consumed C in the presence of CRP included myelin basic proteins, cationic proteins of rabbit leukocytes, and both lysine- and arginine-rich histones; poly-L-arginine polymers of 17,000 but not 65,000 daltons also were C-consuming. Polycations without such reactivity included poly-L-orithine (5,000 and 165,000 daltons), egg white and human lysozymes, and Polybrene. The polycations which failed to induce C consumption via CRP, inhibited its consumption by both active polycations and by C-polysaccharide (CPS). The relative inhibitory capacity of phosphorylcholine and polycations in CPS- and polycations-CRP systems was consistent with the concept that phosphate esters and polycations react at the same or an overlapping combining site. The ability of certain polycations to activate C via CRP increases the potential for initiation of host reactions via C. The capacity of other polycations to inhibit C activation via CRP introduces a potential for physiologic or pharmacologic manipulation. These considerations would seem to expand the potential role of CRP in the initiation and modulation of the inflammatory response.

scholarly journals Populações Celulares Periféricas (CD4+, CD8+ e CD19+) em Indivíduos Dislipidémicos

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Jose Pereira de Moura ◽  
Manuel Santos Rosa ◽  
Vera Alves ◽  
Anabela Mota Pinto ◽  
Victor Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Past ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
The People ◽  
Risk Predictors

Introduction: The past decade has witnessed an increasing recognition that inflammatory mechanisms play a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and its complications. Recently, attention was focused on the potential role of plasma markers of inflammation as risk predictors among those at risk for cardiovascular events. Of these potential markers, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL6, metalloproteinases, ICAM, VCAM and other molecules, have been extensively studied. On the other hand, to our knowledge, there are only a few studies on the role of inflammatory cells, like T and B lymphocytes in the atherosclerosis.Material and Methods: By Flow Cytrometry analysis we have determined on dyslipidemic people and on a control group, the percentage of some peripheral inflammatory cells, like CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD56+, CD56CD8+, DN, CD25+, CD26+, CD25CD3+, CD26CD3+, CD25CD26CD3+, CCR5+, CCR5CD3+, CCR5CD4+, HLADR+, HLADRCD4+, HLADRCD8h+, HLADRCD8low+, HLADRCD8+, CD95+, CD95CD95L+, CD3CD95+, CD3CD95L+, CD62L+, CD3CD62L+, CD69+, CD69CD3+ e CD69CD4+.Results: In the present study we have particularly studied the percentage of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells. The CD4+ cells have been significantly reduced in the people with dyslipidemia.Discussion: We do not know the peripheral numbers of the subtype Th1 and Th2, neither the percentage of CD4+CD25+ cells (regulatory T cells). We have not find any differences on the percentage from the CD8+ and CD19+ cells.Conclusions: In spite of the identified limitations resulting from the small-sized samples, it was possible to show a reduction of some molecules after application of acetylsalicylic acid.

scholarly journals Neutrophil calprotectin identifies severe pulmonary disease in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Shi ◽  
Yu Zuo ◽  
Srilakshmi Yalavarthi ◽  
Kelsey Gockman ◽  
Melanie Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Respiratory Compromise ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Blood Neutrophils ◽  
Severe Pulmonary Disease

ABSTRACTSevere cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are regularly complicated by respiratory failure. While it has been suggested that elevated levels of blood neutrophils associate with worsening oxygenation in COVID-19, it is unknown whether neutrophils are drivers of the thrombo-inflammatory storm or simple bystanders. To better understand the potential role of neutrophils in COVID-19, we measured levels of the neutrophil activation marker S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in hospitalized patients and determined its relationship to severity of illness and respiratory status. Patients with COVID-19 (n=172) had markedly elevated levels of calprotectin in their blood. Calprotectin tracked with other acute phase reactants including C-reactive protein, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and absolute neutrophil count, but was superior in identifying patients requiring mechanical ventilation. In longitudinal samples, calprotectin rose as oxygenation worsened. When tested on day 1 or 2 of hospitalization (n=94 patients), calprotectin levels were significantly higher in patients who progressed to severe COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (8039 ± 7031 ng/ml, n=32) as compared to those who remained free of intubation (3365 ± 3146, p<0.0001). In summary, serum calprotectin levels track closely with current and future COVID-19 severity, implicating neutrophils as potential perpetuators of inflammation and respiratory compromise in COVID-19.

scholarly journals Overactive Bladder Syndrome and the Potential Role of Prostaglandins and Phosphodiesterases: An Introduction

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sajjad Rahnama'i ◽  
Gommert A. van Koevringe ◽  
Philip E. Van Kerrebroeck
Keyword(s):  
Overactive Bladder ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Overactive Bladder Syndrome

scholarly journals Role of Manual Immature to Total Neutrophil (I/T) Ratio and Automated Immature Granulocyte Count (IGC) and Percentage (IG%) in the Early Diagnosis of Neonatal Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalika Jayasekara ◽  
Chandima Kulathilake ◽  
Saraji Wijesekara ◽  
Indira Wijesiriwardena
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Full Blood Count ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Granulocyte Count ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Immature Granulocyte ◽  
Low Sensitivity

Abstract Background: The diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is challenging due to non-specific and subtle clinical features, low sensitivity and delay in routine laboratory tests. Current study was conducted to evaluate the role of manual immature/total (I/T) neutrophil ratio and automated immature granulocyte count (IGC) and immature granulocyte percentage (IG%) in the diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Materials and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was done during a period of 6 months with a sample of 55 neonates admitted to Colombo South Teaching Hospital, Sri Lanka. A combination of clinical and laboratory parameters including full blood count, C-reactive protein and blood culture were used to identify the neonates with probable sepsis. The population was subcategorized into five (5) groups and manual immature/total neutrophil (I/T) ratio, immature granulocyte count (IGC) and immature granulocyte%(IG%) were done in each neonate. Results: The sensitivity of manual I/T ratio was 93.75% and negative predictive value (NPV) was 95.24%. The sensitivity for lower cut off values, IGC of 0.03x103/µL and IG% of 0.5% was 80% and 73.33% respectively. The NPV for above cut-off values were 25% and 0.5% respectively. The NPV was improved with higher cut-off values with 70.90% for IGC 0.3 and 70.59% for IG 3%, but sensitivity remained low with 40% and 33.33% respectively.Conclusion: Manual I/T ratio remains as a useful diagnostic tool in diagnosing and excluding neonatal sepsis with a very good sensitivity and NPV. However, further studies and well defined reference intervals are required in automated IGC and IG%.

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