scholarly journals Extraction Techniques for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Lau ◽  
S. Gan ◽  
H. K. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Subcritical Fluid Extraction

This paper aims to provide a review of the analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The extraction technologies described here include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and microextraction, thermal desorption and flash pyrolysis, as well as fluidised-bed extraction. The influencing factors in the extraction of PAHs from soil such as temperature, type of solvent, soil moisture, and other soil characteristics are also discussed. The paper concludes with a review of the models used to describe the kinetics of PAH desorption from soils during solvent extraction.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in the Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Environmental Samples

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 2182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Manousi ◽  
George A. Zachariadis
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Sorptive Extraction ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) comprise a group of chemical compounds consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs exhibit hydrophobicity and low water solubility, while some of their members are toxic substances resistant to degradation. Due to their low levels in environmental matrices, a preconcentration step is usually required for their determination. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of sample preparation techniques, including micro-extraction techniques (e.g., solid-phase microextraction and liquid phase microextraction) and miniaturized extraction techniques (e.g., dispersive solid-phase extraction, magnetic solid-phase extraction, stir bar sorptive extraction, fabric phase sorptive extraction etc.). Compared to the conventional sample preparation techniques, these novel techniques show some benefits, including reduced organic solvent consumption, while they are time and cost efficient. A plethora of adsorbents, such as metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials and molecularly imprinted polymers, have been successfully coupled with a wide variety of extraction techniques. This review focuses on the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from environmental matrices, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents.

scholarly journals Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Sample Preparation and Analysis in Beverages: A Review

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pau Lian Peng ◽  
Lee Hoon Lim
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Food Contaminants ◽  
Analytical Instruments ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

AbstractThe monitoring of food contaminants is of interests to both food regulatory bodies and the consumers. This literature review covers polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with regard to their background, sources of exposures, and occurrence in food and environment as well as health hazards. Furthermore, analytical methods focusing on the analysis of PAHs in tea, coffee, milk, and alcoholic samples for the last 16 years are presented. Numerous experimental methods have been developed aiming to obtain better limits of detections (LODs) and percent recoveries as well as to reduce solvent consumption and laborious work. These include information such as the selected PAHs analyzed, food matrix of PAHs, methods of extraction, cleanup procedure, LOD, limits of quantitation (LOQ), and percent recovery. For the analysis of tea, coffee, milk, and alcoholic samples, a majority of the research papers focused on the 16 US Environmental Protection Agency PAHs, while PAH4, PAH8, and methylated PAHs were also of interests. Extraction methods range from the classic Soxhlet extraction and liquid–liquid extraction to newer methods such as QuEChERS, dispersive solid-phase microextraction, and magnetic solid-phase extraction. The cleanup methods involved mainly the use of column chromatography and SPE filled with either silica or Florisil adsorbents. Gas chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry or fluorescence detectors are the main analytical instruments used. A majority of the selected combined methods used are able to achieve LODs and percent recoveries in the ranges of 0.01–5 ug/kg and 70–110%, respectively, for the analysis of tea, coffee, milk, and alcoholic samples.

Green Miniaturized Extraction and Microextraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Foods and Beverages

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Manousi ◽  
George A. Zachariadis
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Sample Preparation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Food Samples ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are common environmental contaminants consisting of two or more fused benzene rings. PAHs can be introduced into foodstuffs through different ways, such as smoking, roasting and grilling for meat and fish, absorption from the environment for edible oils, chemical treatment of crops for plant-based products or contamination through packaging during storage. Due to the low concentrations of PAHs in foodstuffs a clean-up and preconcentration sample preparation technique is of high importance. Until recently, solid-phase extraction and liquid-liquid extraction were the most popular sample preparation techniques for the extraction of PAHs from food matrices. However, due to the fundamental drawbacks of those extraction procedures, a plethora of novel methods including micro-extraction techniques and miniaturized extraction techniques have been developed. Moreover, a wide variety of novel adsorbent materials (e.g. metal-organic frameworks, carbon-based materials etc.) have been synthesized and applied for PAHs’ extraction. Objective: This review aims to discuss the recent advances in the extraction techniques of PAHs from food samples, utilizing novel sample preparation approaches and adsorbents. Conclusion: Compared with the traditional sample preparation techniques, the herein discussed green miniaturized extraction and microextraction techniques offer multiple benefits, including simplicity, reduced sample preparation time, as well as reduced consumption of organic solvents.

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