Development and optimisation of a novel three-way extraction technique based on a combination of Soxhlet extraction, membrane assisted solvent extraction and a molecularly imprinted polymer using sludge polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as model compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 918-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somandla Ncube ◽  
Goitsemang Lekoto ◽  
Ewa Cukrowska ◽  
Luke Chimuka
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Extraction Technique ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Model Compounds ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Micro-Solid Phase Extraction of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Water using either C18 or Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Membranes: Analytical Merits and Limitations

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133
Author(s):  
Siti Nurul Umira Mohd Sabari ◽  
Saw Hong Loh ◽  
Sazlinda Kamaruzaman ◽  
Noorfatimah Yahaya ◽  
Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Imprinted Polymer ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pre Treatment

Sample pre-treatment is often the bottleneck in an analytical process. Due to the drawbacks of conventional sample pre-treatment methods, microextraction utilizing lower amounts of adsorbents and organic solvents are therefore favoured. A micro-solid phase extraction (μ-SPE) technique coupled with gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID) was successfully developed for the analysis of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PA Hs), namely phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, in environmental water. In this study, μ-SPE techniques using C18 and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) membranes were optimized, validated, and applied to the analysis of selected PA Hs in environmental water samples. The analytical merits were compared, and the two methods were evaluated in terms of linearity, repeatability, and relative recovery. Under the optimal extraction conditions, both μ-SPE techniques using either C18 or MIP membranes as the adsorbents offered comparable ultratrace analysis of the selected PA Hs in the range of 0.003 to 0.01 μg L–1. The extraction strength of C18 membranes was superior to that of MIP membranes for the extraction of low molecular weights PA Hs from water in the presence of humic acid as a matrix factor. The C18membranes overcome the non-covalence interaction between PA Hs and humic acid and thus achieve better recovery.

scholarly journals Extraction Techniques for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Lau ◽  
S. Gan ◽  
H. K. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Fluidised Bed ◽  
Extraction Techniques ◽  
Mechanical Agitation ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Subcritical Fluid Extraction

This paper aims to provide a review of the analytical extraction techniques for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soils. The extraction technologies described here include Soxhlet extraction, ultrasonic and mechanical agitation, accelerated solvent extraction, supercritical and subcritical fluid extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, solid phase extraction and microextraction, thermal desorption and flash pyrolysis, as well as fluidised-bed extraction. The influencing factors in the extraction of PAHs from soil such as temperature, type of solvent, soil moisture, and other soil characteristics are also discussed. The paper concludes with a review of the models used to describe the kinetics of PAH desorption from soils during solvent extraction.

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