scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFAs) in Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) and Depression: The Missing Link?

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Pei-Chen Chang ◽  
Yi-Ting Chen ◽  
Kuan-Pin Su
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects

Background. Based on epidemiological data, clinical trials, and meta-analytic reviews, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) seem to be a biological link between depression and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Presentation. Involvement of n-3 PUFAs in depression and CVDs may be associated with a chronic, low-grade, inflammation. We hypothesize that n-3 PUFAs link depression and CVDs via “PUFA-prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) cascade.” Testing. To further support our hypothesis, case-control studies are needed to test the role of COX2 and PLA2 functions in depression and in CVDs. In addition, the effects of n-3 PUFAs on cardiovascular markers in depression and on depressive symptoms in CVDs should be investigated in clinical trials. Finally, the effects of manipulating COX2 and PLA2 functions on depression-like behaviors and cardiovascular functions could be explored in animal studies. Implications. n-3 PUFAs might be a promising treatment for both cardiovascular diseases and depression via its anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, and neuroprotective effects.

scholarly journals Cardioprotective Effects of Nutraceuticals: Focus on Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 3184
Author(s):  
Grazyna Sypniewska ◽  
Stefan Kruszewski
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cardioprotective Effects

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide [...]

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Treatment on Lipid Pattern of HIV Patients: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Fogacci ◽  
Enrico Strocchi ◽  
Maddalena Veronesi ◽  
Claudio Borghi ◽  
Arrigo F. G. Cicero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Increased Risk

Even though omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) seem to be effective in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dyslipidemia, their impact is still debated. For this reason, our aim was to perform a meta-analysis of the clinical evidence available to date. A systematic literature search was conducted in order to identify published clinical trials assessing the effect of PUFAs treatment on serum lipoproteins, and its safety profile. The effect sizes for lipid changes were expressed as mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). For safety analysis, odd ratios and the 95% CI were calculated with the Mantel–Haenszel method. Data were pooled from nine clinical studies comprising overall 578 HIV-affected subjects. Meta-analysis of the data suggested that omega-3 PUFAs significantly reduced triglycerides (TG) (MD = −1.04, 95% CI: −1.5, −0.58 mmol/L, p < 0.001), while increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (MD = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.61 mmol/L, p = 0.004), without affecting serum levels of total cholesterol, very-low- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B and A1. Change in TG was significantly associated with eicosapentaenoic acid administered via daily dose. PUFA treatment did not lead to an increased risk of adverse events. In conclusion, PUFAs are safe and exert a significant plasma lipid improving effect in HIV-positive patients.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Clinical Trials

2011 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 352 ◽  
Author(s):  
My Svensson ◽  
Kaj Anker Jørgensen ◽  
Jeppe Hagstrup Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3

scholarly journals Dietary and Pharmacological Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Health

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 1030-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huaizhu Wu ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Christie M Ballantyne
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Omega 3

Abstract Context The effects of dietary intake of different fatty acids and pharmacological use of fatty acids, specifically long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs), on cardiovascular health and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) prevention have been examined in a large number of observational studies and clinical trials. This review summarizes recent data and discusses potential mechanisms. Evidence acquisition The review is based on the authors’ knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms seafood, fish oil, saturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and ASCVD. Evidence synthesis We mainly discuss the recent clinical trials that examine the effects of different types of dietary fatty acids and pharmacological use of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD prevention and the potential mechanisms. Conclusions While replacement of dietary saturated fat with unsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat in particular, or intake of LC n-3 PUFA–rich seafood has generally shown benefit for ASCVD prevention and is recommended for cardiovascular benefits, data on effects of n-3 PUFA products on ASCVD health are inconsistent. However, recent clinical trials support benefits of prescription EPA in ASCVD prevention. n-3 PUFAs may contribute to ASCVD prevention through multiple mechanisms, including lowering plasma triglyceride levels, anti-inflammatory effects, antithrombotic effects, and effects on endothelial function.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Stroke Burden

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (22) ◽  
pp. 5549
Author(s):  
Yuji Ueno ◽  
Nobukazu Miyamoto ◽  
Kazuo Yamashiro ◽  
Ryota Tanaka ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Stroke is a major leading cause of death and disability worldwide. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) including eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have potent anti-inflammatory effects, reduce platelet aggregation, and regress atherosclerotic plaques. Since the discovery that the Greenland Eskimo population, whose diet is high in marine n-3 PUFAs, have a lower incidence of coronary heart disease than Western populations, numerous epidemiological studies to explore the associations of dietary intakes of fish and n-3 PUFAs with cardiovascular diseases, and large-scale clinical trials to identify the benefits of treatment with n-3 PUFAs have been conducted. In most of these studies the incidence and mortality of stroke were also evaluated mainly as secondary endpoints. Thus, a systematic literature review regarding the association of dietary intake of n-3 PUFAs with stroke in the epidemiological studies and the treatment effects of n-3 PUFAs in the clinical trials was conducted. Moreover, recent experimental studies were also reviewed to explore the molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of n-3 PUFAs after stroke.

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