scholarly journals Testing Relationships between Energy and Vertebrate Abundance

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Carbone ◽  
Nathalie Pettorelli
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Abundance Patterns ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Geographic Datasets ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Free Ranging

Understanding what drives variation in the abundance of organisms is fundamental to evolutionary ecology and wildlife management. Yet despite its importance, there is still great uncertainty about the main factors influencing variation in vertebrate abundance across taxa. We believe valuable knowledge and increased predictive power could be gained by taking into account both the intrinsic factors of species and the extrinsic factors related to environmental surroundings in the commonly citedRQmodel, which provides a simple conceptual framework valid at both the interspecific and the intraspecific scales. Approaches comparing studies undertaken at different spatial and taxonomic scales could be key to our ability to better predict abundance, and thanks to the increased availability of population size data, global geographic datasets, and improved comparative methods, there might be unprecedented opportunities to (1) gain a greater understanding of vertebrate abundance patterns and (2) test existing theories on free-ranging animals.

scholarly journals Factors influencing English proficiency: An empirical study of Vietnamese students

2021 ◽  
pp. 1779-1786
Author(s):  
Lan Nguyen ◽  
Huyen Nguye ◽  
Thi Thanh Nga Tran ◽  
Minh Quang Le ◽  
Zhang Ziyi
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Learning Language

This study tries to explore how distinctive or not the Vietnamese students are in learning English, thus investigating factors influencing the language proficiency of Vietnamese students. The study suggests the significance of five intrinsic factors related to the students’ characteristics (which are learning purpose, learning ability, learning method, hard-working, and self-awareness) and three extrinsic factors that are related to demographic factors, parental indicators, and schooling-environment in determining the English proficiency of Vietnamese people. Data was collected from online questionnaires sent to more than 2500 students from eight famous universities in Vietnam and converted into an excel version before translated into SPSS and EVIEW. Research results show that intrinsic factors, especially learning methods, play a vital role in shaping Vietnamese students’ capability to learn a second language. From educators’ perspectives, the higher level of English exposure the students are equipped at school, the higher their language proficiency. Finally, we compare the difference in learning language ability among genders and ages. The findings suggest that girls and minorities are less proficient in language than others.

scholarly journals Second Language Acquisition of the Professional Japanese Tour Guides as the Core of Japanese Teaching Development for Tourism Students

IZUMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-103
Author(s):  
Devita Widyaningtyas Yogyanti ◽  
Angela Bayu Pertama Sari ◽  
Dwi Iswahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Learning Styles ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Tour Guides ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Method Approach

In line with the significance of appropriate Japanese learning methods and materials for tourism students, this study investigates how Japanese tour guides in Indonesia learn Japanese. This study aimed to find out some factors which influenced the process of Japanese tour guides’ second language acquisition and the integration of those factors into Japanese teaching.  This study was a qualitative study with ethnography method approach. Interviews and observation were employed in this study as the research instruments in which 12 Japanese tour guides became the research objects. The findings showed that two main factors influenced the process of Japanese tour guides’ second language acquisition, namely intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors were the factors which emerged within the tour guides themselves that affected the success of the language acquisition such as age, motivations, personality, aptitudes and the attitudes towards the Japanese language. Meanwhile, the extrinsic factors encompassed learning styles and teaching method that determined the success of language acquisition. Furthermore, the integration of those factors into the Japanese teaching generated some focuses on the teaching process, which were speaking fluently and interacting easily. Speaking fluently put more emphasis on the fluency rather than grammar mastery, while interacting easily was related to the implementation of intercultural language teaching. 

scholarly journals Factors Influencing the Intrinsic Seismic Risk of Open Spaces in Existing Built Environments: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Martina Russo ◽  
Marco Angelosanti ◽  
Gabriele Bernardini ◽  
Laura Severi ◽  
Enrico Quagliarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Bibliographic Search

Open spaces (OSs), such as streets, squares, and green areas, in existing built environments (BEs) are key places in disaster risk management. The seismic risk in the OSs is strictly related to BE characteristics. Scientific literature mainly focuses on extrinsic factors affecting risk, which are related to BE elements on the OSs frontier (e.g., buildings) that could cause indirect effects on the OSs. Conversely, just a few risk assessment studies consider intrinsic factors, which are related to OS elements that could suffer direct effects. Moreover, synoptic studies on such factors are still missing. Through literature-based research, the paper identifies specific factors influencing seismic risk in the OSs, focusing notably on intrinsic vulnerability. The literature review methodology includes both a systematic review from Scopus databases and a traditional bibliographic search using snowball analysis. According to the final selected papers, risk factors are classified into five categories of OS characteristics: morpho-typology; physical; construction; use and users; and context. Statistical analysis of the categories’ recurrence in the final papers firstly allows current literature gaps to be defined. The results also provide a preliminary OSs risk index weighting each category in terms of such recurrences, thus representing a first useful step to support non-expert stakeholders in a preliminary assessment of priorities to define the seismic risk of Oss.

Institutional Environment, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy and Entrepreneurial Intention of Company Employees

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Devi Angrahini Anni Lembana ◽  
Yu Yu Chang ◽  
Wen Ke Liang
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

From the intentionality-based view, individuals' actual behaviors to initiate a new venture is driven by their entrepreneurial intentions. Company employees have accumulated professionalism and practical experience, which both enable them to discover some unmet market demand and industrial gaps. However, in establishing a new business, not everyone with certain knowledge or expertise has the desire to become an entrepreneur. Prior research has shown that entrepreneurial intentions are under the profound influences of intrinsic factors and extrinsic factors. On the one hand, entrepreneurial self-efficacy is one of the key psychological states that makes someone dare to initiate entrepreneurial activities. Institutional environment, on the other hand, can either enhance and hinder an individuals' entrepreneurial motivation by offering incentives or causing barriers. Little work has been done to understand how the institutional environment and entrepreneurial self-efficacy jointly affect company employees' intention to quit their job and start an enterprising career. By using hierarchical regression on a sample of 325 Indonesian company employees, this paper shows that the entrepreneurial cognition and entrepreneurial self-efficacy are positively related to employees' entrepreneurial intentions. Also, entrepreneurial self-efficacy strengthens the effect of normative Approval on entrepreneurial intention, whereas the regulatory Support from Government is detrimental to company employees' intention to start a new venture regardless the entrepreneurial self-efficacy is high or low.

Reproduction potential-based differentiation of Russian regions

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 1304-1319
Author(s):  
M.V. Moroshkina
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Development ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Research Period

Subject. This article examines the issues related to changes in reproduction capacity and heterogeneity of the development of Russian regions. Objectives. The article aims to assess regional differentiation and investigate the main factors influencing the uneven development of the areas. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of comparative and correlation analyses. Results. The article identifies groups of leading and lagging Russian regions and assesses the possibility of convergence of Russian regions according to the analyzed indicators, such as GRP, GRP per capita, and the output of industry. Conclusions. The results obtained can be used when preparing strategic policy documents, spatial development programmes and concepts. The observed heterogeneity suggests that the regions maintain their positions throughout the research period.

Polymer composites as sensing materials for liquid organic solvents – preliminary results

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Frackowiak ◽  
Monika Maciejewska ◽  
Andrzej Szczurek ◽  
Marek Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Percolation Theory ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Organic Liquids ◽  
Volumetric Fraction ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Benzene Toluene ◽  
Main Factors

AbstractCarbon black-filled polymer composites were investigated as sensing materials for organic liquids. Polypropylene and polystyrene which were selected as matrices and various amounts of carbon black were considered as the main factors influencing sensitivity of the composites in view of the percolation theory. Disposable filaments were produced of these materials. Change in their electrical resistivity was measured upon immersion in benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene and their mixtures. It has been found that studied materials were sensitive to the composition of liquid mixtures of organic solvent. Relationships between the filament response and volumetric fraction of the components were presented. The studied materials have shown promising sensing properties, which suggest their applicability for identification and quantification of multicomponent organic liquids.

Factors Influencing Saudi Parents’ Choice of International Schools in Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-232
Author(s):  
Hamdah Abdullah Alfaraidy
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
International Education ◽  
School Quality ◽  
International Schools ◽  
Traditional Schools ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Mandated Curriculum ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Main Factors

The Saudi Ministry of Education has recently begun to allow all Saudi families to enroll their children in international schools. The international curriculum offered by such schools represents a notably different choice compared with Saudi traditional public and private schools, both of which teach the same state-mandated curriculum. As a result of the change, there has been a surge in demand for international education; the number of schools has increased rapidly, and there has been a steady “student leak” towards them and away from traditional schools. Little is known about why Saudi parents choose to enroll their children in international schools. We explored this question by surveying 431 Saudi parents of children attending such schools to identify the main factors contributing to their choice. Although all factors examined were important to parents, curriculum and overall school quality emerged as the most important; socioeconomic status was not influential in their decisions.

scholarly journals Modulation of odour-guided behaviour in mosquitoes

2021 ◽  
Vol 383 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-206
Author(s):  
Sharon R. Hill ◽  
Rickard Ignell
Keyword(s):  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Host Seeking ◽  
Enhancing Resources ◽  
Maturation Age ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

AbstractMosquitoes are emerging as model systems with which to study innate behaviours through neuroethology and functional genomics. Decades of work on these disease vectors have provided a solid behavioural framework describing the distinct repertoire of predominantly odour-mediated behaviours of female mosquitoes, and their dependence on life stage (intrinsic factors) and environmental cues (extrinsic factors). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how intrinsic factors, including adult maturation, age, nutritional status, and infection, affect the attraction to plants and feeding on plant fluids, host seeking, blood feeding, supplemental feeding behaviours, pre-oviposition behaviour, and oviposition in female mosquitoes. With the technological advancements in the recent two decades, we have gained a better understanding of which volatile organic compounds are used by mosquitoes to recognise and discriminate among various fitness-enhancing resources, and characterised their neural and molecular correlates. In this review, we present the state of the art of the peripheral olfactory system as described by the neural physiology, functional genomics, and genetics underlying the demonstrated changes in the behavioural repertoire in female mosquitoes. The review is meant as a summary introduction to the current conceptual thinking in the field.

scholarly journals Implementation Constraints on Israel–Palestine Water Cooperation: An Analysis Using the Water Governance Assessment Framework

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Liping Dai
Keyword(s):  
Water Governance ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Current Technology ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Water Cooperation ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Enforcement Mechanisms ◽  
Business As Usual

This study uses a diagnostic and multidisciplinary water governance assessment framework to examine the main factors influencing water cooperation on the shared Mountain Aquifer between Israel and Palestine. It finds that effective cooperation between Israel and Palestine is unlikely in the foreseeable future if both parties persist with the business-as-usual approach. What constrains the two parties from achieving consensual agreement are political tensions, the constraints of current technology, the different perceptions of the value of the shared water, the mistrust between the two parties, the lack of external enforcement mechanisms, and the impacts of the domestic political environment.

scholarly journals Landscape Characteristics Based on Effectiveness of Wildlife Crossing Structures in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 675
Author(s):  
Hyunjin Seo ◽  
Chulhyun Choi ◽  
Kyeongjun Lee ◽  
Donggul Woo
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Spatial Pattern Analysis ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Crossing Structures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Wildlife Crossing Structures ◽  
Surrounding Landscape

Roads are notable and responsible for the loss of biodiversity and disruption of wildlife habitats connectivity. Wildlife crossing structures (WCS) help wildlife move between habitats by connecting fragmented habitats. Their effectiveness is affected by various factors. Here, to identify methods for improving the effectiveness of wildlife crossing structures, we controlled the effect of intrinsic factors, such as size, that are difficult to improve in an already installed area, and then, evaluated the differences in extrinsic factors using 12 landscape characteristics. Our results show that 18 wildlife crossing structures were selected with propensity-score (PS) matching method. The surrounding landscape characteristics differed between high-effectiveness wildlife crossing structures and low-effectiveness wildlife crossing structures. Particularly, there was a significant difference between the ‘statutory protected area’ and the ‘edge’ index of the morphological spatial pattern analysis among the landscape characteristic variables derived within 1 km2 of wildlife crossing structures. We empirically demonstrate that characteristics around highly effective WCS, statutory protected areas are widely distributed, and the ratio of edge of MSPA is low (within 1 km2). Therefore, an important outcome of our research is the demonstration that management of WCS itself is important, but conservation of surrounding habitats and landscape management plans are also significant.

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