scholarly journals Prognostic and Therapeutic Potential of Nuclear Receptors in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirley K. Knauer
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Tumor Entity

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas are among the most common neoplasms worldwide and characterized by local tumor aggressiveness, high rate of early recurrences, development of metastasis, and second primary cancers. Despite modern therapeutic strategies and sophisticated surgical management, overall survival-rates remained largely unchanged over the last decades. Thus, the need for novel treatment options for this tumor entity is undeniable. A key event in carcinogenesis is the uncontrolled modulation of genetic programs. Nuclear receptors belong to a large superfamily of transcription factors implicated in a broad spectrum of physiological and pathophysiological processes, including cancer. Several nuclear receptors have also been associated with head and neck cancer. This review will summarize their mode of action, prognostic/therapeutic relevance, as well as preclinical and clinical studies currently targeting nuclear receptors in this tumor entity.

scholarly journals Extracellular miRNAs as Biomarkers of Head and Neck Cancer Progression and Metastasis

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzanna Nowicka ◽  
Konrad Stawiski ◽  
Bartłomiej Tomasik ◽  
Wojciech Fendler
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Extracellular Mirnas ◽  
Extracellular Mirna

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) contribute to over 300,000 deaths every year worldwide. Although the survival rates have improved in some groups of patients, mostly due to new treatment options and the increasing percentage of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related cancers, local recurrences and second primary tumors remain a great challenge for the clinicians. Presently, there is no biomarker for patient surveillance that could help identify patients with HNSCC that are more likely to experience a relapse or early progression, potentially requiring closer follow-up or salvage treatment. MicoRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression. They are highly stable and their level can be measured in biofluids including serum, plasma, and saliva, enabling quick results and allowing for repeated analysis during and after the completion of therapy. This has cemented the role of miRNAs as biomarkers with a huge potential in oncology. Since altered miRNA expression was described in HNSCC and many miRNAs play a role in radio- and chemotherapy resistance, cancer progression, and metastasis, they can be utilized as biomarkers of these phenomena. This review outlines recent discoveries in the field of extracellular miRNA-based biomarkers of HNSCC progression and metastasis, with a special focus on HPV-related cancers and radioresistance.

Capecitabine after Surgical Salvage in Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

2017 ◽  
Vol 157 (6) ◽  
pp. 995-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Poorni M. Manohar ◽  
Eli Sapir ◽  
Emily Bellile ◽  
Paul L. Swiecicki ◽  
Alexander T. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Recurrence Free Survival ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Due to the high incidence of recurrent squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck and the toxicity profile of current salvage regimens, there is a need for tolerable and effective treatment options. We performed a retrospective matched case series to report our experience with recurrent high-risk patients who received capecitabine (CAP) therapy in the adjuvant setting after salvage therapy. The 5-year recurrence-free survival rates for the CAP and control cohorts were 54% (95% CI, 0.27%-0.75%) and 27% (95% CI, 0.09%-0.50%), respectively. Multivariable Cox modeling showed a significant improvement in recurrence-free survival in the CAP cohort (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% CI, 0.04-0.92; P = .0392). While this was a respective analysis that could not control for all variables, these exploratory findings offer insights that may inform a prospective study to determine CAP efficacy.

Frequent chromosome Y loss in primary, second primary and metastatic squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck region

2004 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
M KUJAWSKI ◽  
M JARMUZ ◽  
M RYDZANICZ ◽  
K SZUKALA ◽  
M WIERZBICKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Head And Neck Region ◽  
Chromosome Y

scholarly journals Chromoendoscopy to Detect Early Synchronous Second Primary Esophageal Carcinoma in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck?

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Komínek ◽  
Petr Vítek ◽  
Ondřej Urban ◽  
Karol Zeleník ◽  
Magdaléna Halamka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Esophageal Mucosa ◽  
Intense Staining ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Flexible Esophagoscopy ◽  
Esophageal Carcinomas

Objective. To evaluate the use of flexible esophagoscopy and chromoendoscopy with Lugol’s solution in the detection of early esophageal carcinomas (second primary carcinomas) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (HNSCC).Methods. All patients with newly diagnosed HNSCC underwent office-based Lugol's chromoendoscopy. After flexible esophagoscopy with white light, 3.0% Lugol's iodine solution was sprayed over the entire esophageal mucosa. Areas with less-intense staining (LVLs) were evaluated and biopsies taken.Results. 132 patients with HNSCC were enrolled in this study. The most frequent primary tumors were oropharyngeal (49/132), tumors of the oral cavity (36/132), and larynx (35/132). The majority of subjects (107/132 patients, 81.1%) had advanced HNSCC carcinomas (stages III and IV). Multiple LVLs were discovered in 24 subjects (18.2%) and no LVLs in 108 (81.8%) subjects. Fifty-five LVL biopsy specimens were obtained and assessed. Squamous cell carcinomas were detected in two patients, peptic esophagitis in 11 patients, gastric heterotopic mucosa in two patients, hyperplasia in two patients, and low- and high-grade dysplasia in three patients.Conclusion. Although only two patients with synchronous primary carcinomas were found among the patients, esophagoscopy should be recommended after detection of HNSCC to exclude secondary esophageal carcinoma or dysplasia.

scholarly journals The Ephrin receptor A2 and Roundabout Guidance Receptor 1 heterodimer: A potential theranostic for squamous cell carcinomas

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka M. Pang ◽  
Saumya Srivastava ◽  
Mari Iida ◽  
Michael Nelson ◽  
Jiayi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Ephrin Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cell Survival ◽  
And Migration

AbstractSquamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the lung (LSCC) and head and neck (HNSCC) are very prevalent with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. In both cancer types, Ephrin receptor A2 (EPHA2) is known to be overexpressed and exhibit opposing effects via two distinct signaling mechanisms. While it can inhibit cancer cell survival and migration by ligand-dependent signaling through tyrosine kinase phosphorylation at Y588 and Y772, it can promote tumor progression and cell migration in a ligand-independent manner via phosphorylation at S897. Variable ABnormal morphology (VAB-1) is the C. elegans ortholog of the human ephrin receptor (EPHR) that interacts genetically and biochemically in a dose-dependent manner with the axon guidance receptor, SAX3, the worm ortholog of ROBO. Double mutants of vab-1(EPHR)/sαx-3(ROBO) are synthetic lethal, underscoring the interaction between the two signaling pathways which prompted us to investigate their role in SCC. Using biochemical and biophysical techniques, we show that EPHA2 and ROBO1 reside in the same complex and interact physically to form a functional heterodimer in LSCC and HNSCC. Furthermore, we show that treating squamous cells with the SLIT2, ligand of ROBO1, hinders phosphorylation of EPHA2 at S897, and thereby, attenuates cell proliferation. Interestingly, SLIT2 can interact with EPHA2 and attenuate the proliferation of cells that have low ROBO1 expression. Additionally, SLIT2 can act synergistically with the EPHA2 inhibitor, Ensartinib to attenuate cell growth in LSCC and HNSCC cells. Taken together, the data suggest that SLIT2 may serve as a novel therapeutic for LSCC and HNSCC. Here, we propose to stratify patients for treatment with SLIT2 and/or Ensartinib, based on their EPHA2 and ROBO1 expression levels in the diseased tissue. Thus 85% of LSCC cases can be treated with combination of SLIT2+Ensartinib and 55% of HNSCC cases can be treated with either SLIT2 or Ensartinib. Furthermore, EPHA2 and ROBO1 may represent novel theranostics in these two diseases.One sentence summaryHeterodimerization of EPHA2 and ROBO1 receptors attenuates growth of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung and head and neck.

scholarly journals Genetic profile of second primary tumors and recurrences in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Head & Neck ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 830-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Virginia Franco Gutiérrez ◽  
César Álvarez Marcos ◽  
José Luis Llorente ◽  
Marta Alonso Guervós ◽  
Francisco Domínguez Iglesias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Genetic Profile ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Second Primary Tumors

Locally Recurrent, Previously Irradiated Head and Neck Cancer: Concurrent Re-Irradiation and Chemotherapy, or Chemotherapy Alone?

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (17) ◽  
pp. 2653-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart J. Wong ◽  
Mitchell Machtay ◽  
Yi Li
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Concurrent Chemotherapy ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Locally Recurrent

Patients with locally recurrent head and neck cancer previously treated with radiation have a poor prognosis. Administration of a second course of radiation to tissues within a previous radiation portal, has been traditionally considered unsafe. Survival rates of highly selected patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and re-irradiation may be as high as 25% at 2 years—exceeding the outcome of matched historical controls treated with chemotherapy alone (10%). However, many questions exist regarding the use of re-irradiation. Uncertainty exists over the criteria for selecting patients who are most appropriate for treatment with re-irradiation. Even greater concern exists regarding toxicity and functional sequelae associated with the use of re-irradiation. Whether the benefits of re-irradiation on locoregional disease control and survival outweigh its potentially severe and life-threatening adverse effects is not clear. In this review, we will discuss re-irradiation and other treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma patients with previously irradiated, locoregional recurrent or second primary tumors in the head and neck, and describe a recently initiated randomized trial comparing chemotherapy plus re-irradiation with chemotherapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document