scholarly journals Prime Ideals and Strongly Prime Ideals of Skew Laurent Polynomial Rings

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
E. Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Laurent Polynomial ◽  
Prime Radical ◽  
Polynomial Rings ◽  
Prime Ideals ◽  
Laurent Polynomials ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Nil Radical

We first study connections betweenα-compatible ideals ofRand related ideals of the skew Laurent polynomials ringR[x,x−1;α], whereαis an automorphism ofR. Also we investigate the relationship ofP(R)andNr(R)ofRwith the prime radical and the upper nil radical of the skew Laurent polynomial rings. Then by using Jordan's ring, we extend above results to the case whereαis not surjective.

scholarly journals On the closure of the prime radical of a Banach algebra

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. B. Somerset ◽  
G. A. Willis
Keyword(s):  
Banach Algebra ◽  
Prime Radical ◽  
Prime Ideals ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between the prime ideals and the primal ideals of a Banach algebra is investigated. It is shown that the closure of the prime radical of a Banach algebra may be properly contained in the intersection of the closed primal ideals of the algebra.

A GENERALIZATION OF NIL-ARMENDARIZ RINGS

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (06) ◽  
pp. 1350001 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMAD HABIBI ◽  
RAOUFEH MANAVIYAT
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Laurent Polynomial ◽  
Polynomial Rings ◽  
Monoid Ring ◽  
Skew Polynomial Rings ◽  
Monoid Homomorphism ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Armendariz Rings ◽  
Skew Polynomial ◽  
The Relationship

Let R be a ring, M a monoid and ω : M → End (R) a monoid homomorphism. The skew monoid ring R * M is a common generalization of polynomial rings, skew polynomial rings, (skew) Laurent polynomial rings and monoid rings. In the current work, we study the nil skew M-Armendariz condition on R, a generalization of the standard nil-Armendariz condition from polynomials to skew monoid rings. We resolve the structure of nil skew M-Armendariz rings and obtain various necessary or sufficient conditions for a ring to be nil skew M-Armendariz, unifying and generalizing a number of known nil Armendariz-like conditions in the aforementioned special cases. We consider central idempotents which are invariant under a monoid endomorphism of nil skew M-Armendariz rings and classify how the nil skew M-Armendariz rings behaves under various ring extensions. We also provide rich classes of skew monoid rings which satisfy in a condition nil (R * M) = nil (R) * M. Moreover, we study on the relationship between the zip and weak zip properties of a ring R and those of the skew monoid ring R * M.

scholarly journals On Syzygy Modules over Laurent Polynomial Rings

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Morou Amidou ◽  
Ousmane Moussa Tessa
Keyword(s):  
Polynomial Ring ◽  
Laurent Polynomial ◽  
Polynomial Rings ◽  
Dedekind Ring ◽  
Laurent Polynomials ◽  
Zero Divisors ◽  
Syzygy Module ◽  
Syzygy Modules ◽  
Dynamical Method

In this paper, we present a dynamical method for computing the syzygy module of multivariate Laurent polynomials with coefficients in a Dedekind ring (with zero divisors) by reducing the computation over Laurent polynomial rings to calculations over a polynomial ring via an appropriate isomorphism.

scholarly journals Prime ideals in skew Laurent polynomial rings

1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Prime Ideal ◽  
Polynomial Ring ◽  
Commutative Algebra ◽  
Laurent Polynomial ◽  
Polynomial Rings ◽  
Prime Ideals ◽  
Ideal Structure ◽  
Locally Finite ◽  
Finite Dimensional ◽  
Laurent Polynomial Ring

Let R be a commutative ring and {σ1,…,σn} a set of commuting automorphisms of R. Let T = be the skew Laurent polynomial ring in n indeterminates over R and let be the Laurent polynomial ring in n central indeterminates over R. There is an isomorphism φ of right R-modules between T and S given by φ(θj) = xj. We will show that the map φ induces a bijection between the prime ideals of T and the Γ-prime ideals of S, where Γ is a certain set of endomorphisms of the ℤ-module S. We can study the structure of the lattice of Γ-prime ideals of the ring S by using commutative algebra, and this allows us to deduce results about the prime ideal structure of the ring T. As an example, if R is a Cohen-Macaulay ℂ-algebra and the action of the σj on R is locally finite-dimensional, we will show that the ring T is catenary.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

The relationship of IGE receptor topography to signaling activity in RBL-2H3 mast cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 236-237
Author(s):  
J.R. Pfeiffer ◽  
J.C. Seagrave ◽  
C. Wofsy ◽  
J.M. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Scattered Electron ◽  
Ige Receptor ◽  
Receptor Complexes ◽  
Ige Binding ◽  
Electron Imaging ◽  
Small Clusters ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In RBL-2H3 rat leukemic mast cells, crosslinking IgE-receptor complexes with anti-IgE antibody leads to degranulation. Receptor crosslinking also stimulates the redistribution of receptors on the cell surface, a process that can be observed by labeling the anti-IgE with 15 nm protein A-gold particles as described in Stump et al. (1989), followed by back-scattered electron imaging (BEI) in the scanning electron microscope. We report that anti-IgE binding stimulates the redistribution of IgE-receptor complexes at 37“C from a dispersed topography (singlets and doublets; S/D) to distributions dominated sequentially by short chains, small clusters and large aggregates of crosslinked receptors. These patterns can be observed (Figure 1), quantified (Figure 2) and analyzed statistically. Cells incubated with 1 μg/ml anti-IgE, a concentration that stimulates maximum net secretion, redistribute receptors as far as chains and small clusters during a 15 min incubation period. At 3 and 10 μg/ml anti-IgE, net secretion is reduced and the majority of receptors redistribute rapidly into clusters and large aggregates.

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