scholarly journals Placental Implications of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Gestation and Parturition

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Borel ◽  
Denis Gallot ◽  
Geoffroy Marceau ◽  
Vincent Sapin ◽  
Loïc Blanchon
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Amniotic Membranes ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Receptor Family

The placenta is a transitory structure indispensable for the proper development of the embryo and fetus during mammalian gestation. Like other members of the nuclear receptor family, the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are known to be involved in the physiological and pathological events occurring during the placentation. This placental involvement has been recently reviewed focusing on the early stages of placental development (implantation and invasion, etc.), mouse PPARs knockout phenotypes, and cytotrophoblast physiology. In this review, we describe the placental involvement of PPARs (e.g., fat transport and metabolism, etc.) during the late stages of gestation and in the amniotic membranes, highlighting their roles in the inflammation process (e.g., chorioamnionitis), metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes), and parturition.

scholarly journals PPARs: Protectors or Opponents of Myocardial Function?

PPAR Research ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine J. Pol ◽  
Melissa Lieu ◽  
Konstantinos Drosatos
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents ◽  
Receptor Family

Over 5 million people in the United States suffer from the complications of heart failure (HF), which is a rapidly expanding health complication. Disorders that contribute to HF include ischemic cardiac disease, cardiomyopathies, and hypertension. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family. There are three PPAR isoforms: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. They can be activated by endogenous ligands, such as fatty acids, as well as by pharmacologic agents. Activators of PPARs are used for treating several metabolic complications, such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia that are directly or indirectly associated with HF. However, some of these drugs have adverse effects that compromise cardiac function. This review article aims to summarize the current basic and clinical research findings of the beneficial or detrimental effects of PPAR biology on myocardial function.

scholarly journals Radix Stellariae extract prevents high-fat-diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice by accelerating energy metabolism

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e3305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Li ◽  
Xin Liu ◽  
Yu Fan ◽  
Baican Yang ◽  
Cheng Huang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Insulin Tolerance ◽  
Ppar Signaling ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Surrounding Areas

Stellaria dichotoma L.is widely distributed in Ningxia and surrounding areas in northwestern China. Its root, Radix Stellariae (RS), has been used in herbal formulae for treating asthenic-fever, infection, malaria, dyspepsia in children and several other symptoms. This study investigated whether the RS extract (RSE) alleviates metabolic disorders. The results indicated that RSE significantly inhibited body weight gain in high-fat (HF)-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice, reduced fasting glucose levels, and improved insulin tolerance. Moreover, RSE increased the body temperature of the mice and the expression of uncoupling proteins and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the white adipose tissue. Thus, RSE alleviated metabolic disorders in HF-diet-fed C57BL/6 mice by potentially activating UCP and PPAR signaling.

scholarly journals PPAR-δin Vascular Pathophysiology

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanping Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Cardiovascular Disorders ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors belong to the superfamily of ligand-dependent nuclear receptor transcription factors, which include three subtypes: PPAR-α,β/δ, andγ. PPAR-δ, play important roles in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation as well as tissue wound and repair. Emerging evidence has also demonstrated that PPAR-δis implicated in lipids and glucose metabolism. Most recently, the direct effects of PPAR-δon cardiovascular processes such as endothelial function and angiogenesis have also been investigated. Therefore, it is suggested that PPAR-δmay have critical roles in cardiovascular pathophysiology and is a potential target for therapeutic intervention of cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals PPARs and Microbiota in Skeletal Muscle Health and Wasting

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravikumar Manickam ◽  
Kalina Duszka ◽  
Walter Wahli
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Growth Factor Signaling ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Aging Muscle

Skeletal muscle is a major metabolic organ that uses mostly glucose and lipids for energy production and has the capacity to remodel itself in response to exercise and fasting. Skeletal muscle wasting occurs in many diseases and during aging. Muscle wasting is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation associated to inter- and intra-muscular fat deposition. During aging, muscle wasting is advanced due to increased movement disorders, as a result of restricted physical exercise, frailty, and the pain associated with arthritis. Muscle atrophy is characterized by increased protein degradation, where the ubiquitin-proteasomal and autophagy-lysosomal pathways, atrogenes, and growth factor signaling all play an important role. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors, which are activated by fatty acids and their derivatives. PPARs regulate genes that are involved in development, metabolism, inflammation, and many cellular processes in different organs. PPARs are also expressed in muscle and exert pleiotropic specialized responses upon activation by their ligands. There are three PPAR isotypes, viz., PPARα, -β/δ, and -γ. The expression of PPARα is high in tissues with effective fatty acid catabolism, including skeletal muscle. PPARβ/δ is expressed more ubiquitously and is the predominant isotype in skeletal muscle. It is involved in energy metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fiber-type switching. The expression of PPARγ is high in adipocytes, but it is also implicated in lipid deposition in muscle and other organs. Collectively, all three PPAR isotypes have a major impact on muscle homeostasis either directly or indirectly. Furthermore, reciprocal interactions have been found between PPARs and the gut microbiota along the gut–muscle axis in both health and disease. Herein, we review functions of PPARs in skeletal muscle and their interaction with the gut microbiota in the context of muscle wasting.

scholarly journals Deletion of the nuclear receptor RORα in macrophages does not modify the development of obesity, insulin resistance and NASH

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent L’homme ◽  
Benan Pelin Sermikli ◽  
Olivier Molendi-Coste ◽  
Sébastien Fleury ◽  
Sandrine Quemener ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Orphan Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Receptor Family ◽  
Diet Model

AbstractRetinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha (RORα) is a transcription factor from the nuclear receptor family expressed by immune cells and involved in the development of obesity, insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). It was recently reported that mice deficient for RORα in macrophages develop more severe NASH upon high fat diet (HFD) feeding due to altered Kupffer cell function. To better understand the role of RORα in obesity and IR, we independently generated a macrophage RORα-deficient mouse line. We report that RORα deletion in macrophages does not impact on HFD-induced obesity and IR. Surprisingly, we did not confirm an effect on NASH development upon HFD feeding nor in the more severe and obesity-independent choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined diet model. Our results therefore show that RORα deletion in macrophages does not alter the development of obesity and IR and question its role in NASH.

scholarly journals Expression and Function of Members of a Divergent Nuclear Receptor Family in Caenorhabditis elegans

1999 ◽  
Vol 215 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Miyabayashi ◽  
Mark T Palfreyman ◽  
Ann E Sluder ◽  
Frank Slack ◽  
Piali Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
And Function ◽  
Receptor Family

scholarly journals PPAR Action in Human Placental Development and Pregnancy and Its Complications

PPAR Research ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz Wieser ◽  
Leslie Waite ◽  
Christophe Depoix ◽  
Robert N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Pregnancy ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Placental Development ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptors ◽  
Specific Disorders

During pregnancy crucial anatomic, physiologic, and metabolic changes challenge the mother and the fetus. The placenta is a remarkable organ that allows the mother and the fetus to adapt to the new metabolic, immunologic, and angiogenic environment imposed by gestation. One of the physiologic systems that appears to have evolved to sustain this metabolic regulation is mediated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). In clinical pregnancy-specific disorders, including preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and intrauterine growth restriction, aberrant regulation of components of the PPAR system parallels dysregulation of metabolism, inflammation and angiogenesis. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of PPARs in regulating human trophoblast invasion, early placental development, and also in the physiology of clinical pregnancy and its complications. As increasingly indicated in the literature, pregnancy disorders, such as preeclampsia and gestational diabetes, represent potential targets for treatment with PPAR ligands. With the advent of more specific PPAR agonists that exhibit efficacy in ameliorating metabolic, inflammatory, and angiogenic disturbances, further studies of their application in pregnancy-related diseases are warranted.

Transcription control and neuronal differentiation by agents that activate the LXR nuclear receptor family

1999 ◽  
Vol 155 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 51-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azriel Schmidt ◽  
Robert Vogel ◽  
M.Katharine Holloway ◽  
Su Jane Rutledge ◽  
Oren Friedman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Differentiation ◽  
Nuclear Receptor ◽  
Transcription Control ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
Receptor Family
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