scholarly journals Role of PPARs and Retinoid X Receptors in the Regulation of Lung Maturation and Development

PPAR Research ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawn M. Simon ◽  
Thomas J. Mariani
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Lung Development ◽  
Health It ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Lung Health ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Acid Function

Understanding lung development has significant importance to public health because of the fact that interruptions in the normal developmental processes can have prominent effects on childhood and adult lung health. It is widely appreciated that the retinoic acid (RA) pathway plays an important role in lung development. Additionally, PPARs are believed to partner with receptors of this pathway and therefore could be considered extensions of retinoic acid function, including during lung development. This review will begin by introducing the relationship between the retinoic acid pathway and PPARs followed by an overview of lung development stages and regulation to conclude with details on PPARs and the retinoic acid pathway as they may relate to lung development.

scholarly journals Microbiota Alterations in Precancerous Colon Lesions: A Systematic Review

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3061
Author(s):  
Francesca Aprile ◽  
Giovanni Bruno ◽  
Rossella Palma ◽  
Maria Teresa Mascellino ◽  
Cristina Panetta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Health It ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Preventive Role

Gut microbiota plays an important role in human health. It may promote carcinogenesis and is related to several diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This study of microbial dysbiosis in the etiology of colorectal adenoma aimed to investigate the possible causative role of microbiota in the adenoma–carcinoma sequence and its possible preventive role. A systematic, PRISMA-guided review was performed. The PubMed database was searched using “adenoma microbiota” and selecting original articles between January 2010 and May 2020 independently screened. A higher prevalence of Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Bacteroidetes phyla was observed in the fecal luminal and mucosa-associated microbiota of patients with adenoma. However, other studies provided evidence of depletion of Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Bacteroides and Romboutsia. Results on the relationship between adenoma endoscopic resection and microbiota were inconsistent. In conclusion, none of the analyzed studies developed a predictive model that could differentiate adenoma from non-adenoma patients, and therefore, to prevent cancer progression. The impact of adenoma’s endoscopic resection on microbiota was investigated, but the results were inconclusive. Further research in the field is required.

scholarly journals Targeted Disruption of Mouse Dip2B Leads to Abnormal Lung Development and Prenatal Lethality

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 8223
Author(s):  
Rajiv Kumar Sah ◽  
Jun Ma ◽  
Fatoumata Binta Bah ◽  
Zhenkai Xing ◽  
Salah Adlat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Development ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Branching Morphogenesis ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Type I ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
M Phase

Molecular and anatomical functions of mammalian Dip2 family members (Dip2A, Dip2B and Dip2C) during organogenesis are largely unknown. Here, we explored the indispensable role of Dip2B in mouse lung development. Using a LacZ reporter, we explored Dip2B expression during embryogenesis. This study shows that Dip2B expression is widely distributed in various neuronal, myocardial, endothelial, and epithelial cell types during embryogenesis. Target disruption of Dip2b leads to intrauterine growth restriction, defective lung formation and perinatal mortality. Dip2B is crucial for late lung maturation rather than early-branching morphogenesis. The morphological analysis shows that Dip2b loss leads to disrupted air sac formation, interstitium septation and increased cellularity. In BrdU incorporation assay, it is shown that Dip2b loss results in increased cell proliferation at the saccular stage of lung development. RNA-seq analysis reveals that 1431 genes are affected in Dip2b deficient lungs at E18.5 gestation age. Gene ontology analysis indicates cell cycle-related genes are upregulated and immune system related genes are downregulated. KEGG analysis identifies oxidative phosphorylation as the most overrepresented pathways along with the G2/M phase transition pathway. Loss of Dip2b de-represses the expression of alveolar type I and type II molecular markers. Altogether, the study demonstrates an important role of Dip2B in lung maturation and survival.

scholarly journals The role of retinoic acid in embryonic and post-embryonic development

2000 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Maden
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Regeneration ◽  
Spinal Cord Regeneration ◽  
Experimental Paradigm ◽  
Hair Cell Regeneration ◽  
X Receptors ◽  
Lung Regeneration

Retinoic acid (RA) is the bioactive metabolite of vitamin A (retinol) which acts on cells to establish or change the pattern of gene activity. Retinol is converted to RA by the action of two types of enzyme, retinol dehydrogenases and retinal dehydrogenases. In the nucleus RA acts as a ligand to activate two families of transcription factors, the RA receptors (RAR) and the retinoid X receptors (RXR) which heterodimerize and bind to the upstream sequences of RA-responsive genes. Thus, in addition to the well-established experimental paradigm of depriving animals of vitamin A to determine the role of RA in embryonic and post-embryonic development, molecular biology has provided us with two additional methodologies: knockout the enzymes or the RAR and RXR in the mouse embryo. The distribution of the enzymes and receptors, and recent experiments to determine the endogenous distribution of RA in the embryo are described here, as well as the effects on the embryo of knocking out the enzymes and receptors. In addition, recent studies using the classical vitamin A-deprivation technique are described, as they have provided novel insights into the regions of the embryo which crucially require RA, and the gene pathways involved in their development. Finally, the post-embryonic or regenerating systems in which RA plays a part are described, i.e. the regenerating limb, lung regeneration, hair cell regeneration in the ear and spinal cord regeneration in the adult.

scholarly journals P118 The role of the retinoic acid pathway in human lung regeneration

Thorax ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (Suppl 4) ◽  
pp. A115-A115
Author(s):  
J. P. Ng-Blichfeldt ◽  
M. Griffiths ◽  
U. Griesenbach ◽  
B. Allen ◽  
M. Hind
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Lung Regeneration

Role of PML in Cell Growth and the Retinoic Acid Pathway

Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 279 (5356) ◽  
pp. 1547-1551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Acid Pathway

scholarly journals The Effect of Trait Mindfulness on Teachers’ Emotional Exhaustion: The Chain Mediating Role of Psychological Capital and Job Engagement

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Yufang Bi ◽  
Xindong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Exhaustion ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Job Engagement ◽  
Trait Mindfulness ◽  
Health It ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
The Relationship

Emotional exhaustion has become an important occupational health problem faced by teachers, and it has seriously affected their mental health. It is necessary to pay attention to the factors that affect emotional exhaustion. In this study, 815 frontline university faculty were selected as subjects to explore the relationship between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion and the role of psychological capital and work engagement in this relation, using the trait mindfulness, psychological capital, work engagement, and emotional exhaustion scales. It was found that trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are negatively correlated; the mediating role of psychological capital between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is not significant; the mediating role of work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion is significant; the chain mediation effect of psychological capital and work engagement between trait mindfulness and emotional exhaustion are significant.

The role of retinoic acid receptors in neurite outgrowth from different populations of embryonic mouse dorsal root ganglia

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (14) ◽  
pp. 2567-2574
Author(s):  
J. Corcoran ◽  
B. Shroot ◽  
J. Pizzey ◽  
M. Maden
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Neurite Outgrowth ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptors ◽  
Embryonic Mouse ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Beta 2 ◽  
X Receptors

Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can be categorised into at least three types, based upon their neurotrophin requirement for survival. We have analysed the expression of the retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and the retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in NGF, NT-3 and BDNF dependent neurons isolated from embryonic day (E)13.5 mouse DRG. We show that each population of neurons expressed each of the three RXRs, (alpha), (beta) and (gamma); however, whilst the NGF and NT-3 dependent neurons expressed each of the RARs (alpha), (beta) and (gamma), the BDNF dependent neurons only expressed RAR(alpha) and (beta). When retinoic acid was added to each of the neuronal classes only the NGF and NT-3 dependent neurons responded by extending neurites, and this response involved the upregulation of RAR(beta)(2). This specificity was confirmed by the use of receptor-selective agonists as only a RAR(beta)-selective compound stimulated neurite outgrowth. These results suggest a role for RA acting via RAR(beta)(2) in the outgrowth of neurites.

Attenuation of Oxygen-Induced Abnormal Lung Maturation in Rats by Retinoic Acid: Possible Role of Cytochrome P4501A Enzymes

2006 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. 946-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xanthi I. Couroucli ◽  
Yanhong W. Liang ◽  
Weiwu Jiang ◽  
Roberto Barrios ◽  
Bhagavatula Moorthy
Keyword(s):  
Retinoic Acid ◽  
Lung Maturation ◽  
Cytochrome P4501a
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