scholarly journals Anxiety Sensitivity, Fear of Pain and Pain-Related Disability in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Martin ◽  
Patricia A McGrath ◽  
Stephen C Brown ◽  
Joel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Pain Disability

BACKGROUND: Converging lines of evidence suggest that anxiety sensitivity and fear of pain may be important vulnerability factors in the development of avoidance behaviours and disability in adults with chronic pain. However, these factors have not been evaluated in children with chronic pain.OBJECTIVES: To examine the relationships among anxiety sensitivity, fear of pain and pain-related disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain.METHODS: An interview and five questionnaires (Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale, Functional Disability Inventory, Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children, and Reynolds Child or Adolescent Depression Scale) were administered to 21 children and adolescents eight to 17 years of age (mean ± SD 14.24±2.21 years) who continued to experience pain an average of three years after discharge from a specialized pain clinic for children.RESULTS: Anxiety sensitivity accounted for 38.6% of the variance in fear of pain (F[1,20]=11.30; P=0.003) and fear of pain accounted for 39.9% of the variance in pain-related disability (F[1,20]=11.95; P=0.003), but anxiety sensitivity was not significantly related to pain disability (R2=0.09; P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that children with high levels of anxiety sensitivity had a higher fear of pain, which, in turn, was linked to increased pain disability. The results of this study suggest that anxiety sensitivity and fear of pain may play important and distinct roles in the processes that maintain chronic pain and pain-related disability in children.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Functional Disability in a Large Sample of Children and Adolescents with Chronic Pain

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Simons ◽  
Christine B Sieberg ◽  
Robyn Lewis Claar
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Recurrent Pain ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Complex Relationships

BACKGROUND: Anxiety is the most common psychiatric condition in children and adolescents, and is linked to significant disruptions across domains of function. Due to the avoidant nature of anxiety and pain-related disability, studying anxiety symptoms in children with chronic and recurrent pain conditions is important.OBJECTIVES: To examine anxiety symptoms in a large cohort of children and adolescents evaluated for complex chronic and recurrent pain conditions.METHODS: Through retrospective chart review, data on anxiety, pain and functional disability were collected from 655 children evaluated at a multidisciplinary pain clinic over a three-year period.RESULTS: Approximately 11% of children and adolescents reported clinically elevated anxiety symptoms, with elevated levels across dimensions of anxiety ranging from 14% (social anxiety, worry) to 27% (physiological). In addition, a notable 31% of the sample potentially minimized their anxiety by responding in a socially desirable manner. Anxiety was linearly associated with greater pain-related functional disability, but was not directly correlated with pain. Moderation analyses revealed that at low levels of worry, higher levels of pain were associated with greater functional disability, whereas at high levels of worry, pain no longer predicted the level of functional disability.CONCLUSIONS: These findings document the prevalence of anxiety in children and adolescents with chronic pain, and also extend recent studies examining the complex relationships among pain, anxiety and pain-related disability.

scholarly journals Reliability and convergent validity of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index in children and adolescents

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Isolan ◽  
Giovanni Salum ◽  
Suzielle Menezes Flores ◽  
Hudson W. de Carvalho ◽  
Gisele Gus Manfro
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Emotional Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity Index ◽  
Brazilian Children

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability and the convergent validity of the Children Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI) with DSM-IV anxiety disorder symptoms, by comparison with the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), in a community sample of Brazilian children and adolescents. METHODS: Children and adolescents from five schools were selected from a larger study that aimed to assess different aspects of childhood anxiety disorders. All participants completed the CASI and the SCARED. RESULTS: This study supported the reliability of the CASI total score. Girls reported higher total anxiety sensitivity scores than boys and there were no differences in total anxiety sensitivity scores between children and adolescents. This study showed moderate to high correlations between the CASI scores with SCARED scores, all correlations coefficients being positive and significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate an appropriate reliability and evidence of convergent validity in the CASI in a sample of Brazilian children and adolescents.

scholarly journals Persistent Pain in a Community-Based Sample of Children and Adolescents: Sex Differences in Psychological Constructs

2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 303-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Fuss ◽  
M Gabrielle Pagé ◽  
Joel Katz
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Persistent Pain ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Pain Anxiety ◽  
Pain History

BACKGROUND: Very few studies have investigated the psychological factors associated with the pain experiences of children and adolescents in community samples.OBJECTIVES: To examine the lifetime prevalence of, and psychological variables associated with, persistent pain in a community sample of children and adolescents, and to explore differences according to sex, age and pain history.METHODS: Participants completed the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index (CASI), the Child Pain Anxiety Symptoms Scale (CPASS), the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children-10 (MASC-10), the Pain Catastrophizing Scale for Children (PCS-C) and a pain history questionnaire that assessed chronicity and pain frequency. After research ethics board approval, informed consent/assent was obtained from 1022 individuals recruited to participate in a study conducted at the Ontario Science Centre (Toronto, Ontario).RESULTS: Of the 1006 participants (54% female, mean [± SD] age 11.6±2.7 years) who provided complete data, 27% reported having experienced pain that lasted for three months or longer. A 2×2×2 (pain history, age and sex) multivariate ANOVA was conducted, with the total scores on the CASI, the CPASS, the MASC-10 and the PCS-C as dependent variables. Girls with a history of persistent pain expressed higher levels of anxiety sensitivity (P<0.001) and pain catastrophizing (P<0.001) than both girls without a pain history and boys regardless of pain history. This same pattern of results was found for anxiety and pain anxiety in the older, but not the younger, age group.CONCLUSIONS: Boys and girls appear to differ in terms of how age and pain history relate to the expression of pain-related psychological variables. Given the prevalence of persistent pain found in the study, more research is needed regarding the developmental implications of persistent pain in childhood and adolescence.

Parental Perceptions of Pediatric Pain and POTS-Related Disability

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (13) ◽  
pp. 1185-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Keating ◽  
Ryan M. Antiel ◽  
Karen E. Weiss ◽  
Dustin Wallace ◽  
Seth J. Antiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome ◽  
Parental Attributions ◽  
Attribution Questionnaire ◽  
Chronic Pain Clinic

Adolescents with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) often have pain and functional impairment. This study evaluated how parental attributions of children’s symptoms relate to child functional impairment. Adolescents with chronic pain and clinical symptoms suggestive of autonomic dysfunction (fatigue, dizziness, nausea) that attended a multidisciplinary chronic pain clinic completed measures of depression, anxiety, and functioning (n = 141). Parents of 114 of these patients completed the Parent Pain Attribution Questionnaire (PPAQ), a measure indicating the extent they believe physical and psychosocial factors account for their child’s health condition. Patients were retrospectively grouped as to whether or not they had significant POTS on tilt table testing (n = 37). Greater parental attribution to physical causes was associated with increased levels of functional disability whether patients had POTS ( r = 0.45, P = .006) or not ( r = 0.25, P = .03). These results suggest that providers should advocate a more comprehensive family-oriented rehabilitative approach to treatment.

Facets of the Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index Among Serbian Youth

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 342-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dejan S. Stevanovic ◽  
Wendy K. Silverman ◽  
Kristin A. Nichols-Lopez ◽  
Smiljka D. Popovic-Deusic ◽  
Milica M. Pejovic-Milovancevic
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Childhood Anxiety ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Childhood Anxiety Sensitivity Index ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity Index

scholarly journals Fear of pain in pediatric headache

Cephalalgia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura E Simons ◽  
Melissa Pielech ◽  
Stefanie Cappucci ◽  
Alyssa Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
Fear Of Pain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Acceptance ◽  
Pediatric Headache ◽  
Activity Avoidance ◽  
Headache Patients

Objective The current study provides the first measure of pain-related fear for pediatric headache patients. Methods From a large pediatric headache clinic, a cross-sectional cohort of 206 children and adolescents completed measures of pain-related fear, anxiety sensitivity, catastrophizing, pain acceptance, functional disability, and school functioning. Results The two-factor solution of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire (FOPQ) was confirmed from the originally derived structure with pediatric headache patients. Simultaneously regressing FOPQ subscales fear of pain and activity avoidance on theorized construct validity measures demonstrated that fear of pain was more closely linked with anxiety sensitivity and pain catastrophizing while activity avoidance had a strong negative association with pain acceptance (activity engagement and pain willingness). Pain-related fear was not significantly associated with pain level. After controlling for demographic factors and pain, fear of pain and activity avoidance accounted for an additional 26% of the variance in functional disability and school functioning outcomes, with activity avoidance accounting for much of this relationship. Conclusions Although typically considered an influential construct among musculoskeletal patients, pain-related fear is also an important factor influencing functioning among pediatric headache patients, with the dimension of activity avoidance particularly salient.

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