scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Fenpropathrin in its Formulations and Water Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Krishna Priya ◽  
P. Subrahmanyam ◽  
K. Dakshayani ◽  
P. Chiranjeevi
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Anthranilic Acid ◽  
Aldehyde Group ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Optimum Reaction

Novel spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of fenpropathrin in insecticidal formulations and water samples. The methods were based on the hydrolysis of fenpropathrin with ethanolic KOH to form 3-phenoxy benzaldehyde. The resultant aldehyde group was condensed with anthranilic acid in presence of basic medium to form yellowish red color product having λmaxof 485 nm or condensed with 2-chloro phenyl hydrazine to form pink color product having λmaxof 557 nm. The color derivatives were correspondingly stable for 5 and 8 days. The Beer's law was obeyed over the range from 0.03-10.0 µg mL-1and molar absorptivity 2.586×104L mol-1cm-1for anthranilic acid and from 0.02-8.0 µg mL-1and molar absorptivity 3.924×104L mol-1cm-1for 2-chloro phenyl hydrazine were observed. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were established. The proposed methods have been applied for the analysis of water samples.

scholarly journals New Diazo Coupling Reactions for Visible Spectrophotometric Determination of Alfuzosin in Pharmaceutical Preparations

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vamsi Krishna ◽  
D. Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Coupling Reactions ◽  
Acetyl Acetone ◽  
Diazo Coupling ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Diazonium Ion

Simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric procedures were developed for the analysis of Alfuzosin hydrochloride (AFZ) in pure form as well as in pharmaceutical formulations. The methods are based on the reaction of AFZ with nitrite in acid medium to form diazonium ion, which is coupled with ethoxyethylenemaleic ester (Method A) or ethylcyanoacetate (Method B) or acetyl acetone (method C) in basic medium to form azo dyes, showing absorption maxima at 440, 465 and 490 nm respectively. Beer’s law is obeyed in the concentration of 4-20 μg/mL of AFZ for methods A, B and 3-15 μg/mL of AFZ for method C. The molar absorptivity and sandell’s sensitivity of AFZ- ethoxyethylenemaleic ester, AFZ- ethylcyanoacetate and AFZ-acetyl acetone are1.90 × 104, 0.022; 1.93 × 104, 0.021 and 2.67 × 104L mole-1cm-1, 0.015 μg cm-2respectively. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of AFZ in pharmaceutical formulations.

Spectrophotometric Determination of Sulphamethoxazole Drug by New Pyrazoline Derived from 2,4-Dinitro Phenyl Hydrazine

2020 ◽  
Vol 1002 ◽  
pp. 350-359
Author(s):  
Asmaa Ahmed Mohammed Al Rashidy ◽  
Khalid Abdlaaziz Al Badrany ◽  
Gassim Mohammed Al Garagoly
Keyword(s):  
Azo Dye ◽  
Absorption Maximum ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Organic Reagent ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Phenyl Hydrazine ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Quantification Limit

Simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of Sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) drug . This method based on the reaction of Sulphamethoxazole (SMZ) with new organic reagent (BYN) it was prepare by reaction between ethyl acetoacetate with 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine. The azo dye product shows absorption maximum at 435 nm. The linearity ranges of Sulphamethoxazole are (2-14 μg.mL-1) with molar absorptivity (14412.77 L.mol-1.cm-1), Sandell's sensitivity index (0.0175 μg.cm-2) , detection limit and Quantification limit ( 0.057, 0.175 μg / ml) respectively. The results showed there are no interferences of excipients on the determination of the drug. The proposed method has been successfully applied for the determination of sulfanilamide in pure and pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Sensitive spectrophotometric methods for determination of some organophosphorus pesticides in vegetable samples

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Gouda ◽  
Alaa Amin ◽  
Ragaa El-Sheikh ◽  
Magda Akl
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Accurate Analysis ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Vegetable Samples ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Medium ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Chromotrope 2R

Three rapid, simple, reproducible and sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A, B and C) are described for the determination of two organophosphorus pesticides, (malathion and dimethoate) in formulations and vegetable samples. The methods A and B involve the addition of an excess of Ce4+ into sulphuric acid medium and the determination of the unreacted oxidant by decreasing the red color of chromotrope 2R (C2R) at a suitable ?max = 528 nm for method A, or a decrease in the orange pink color of rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) at a suitable ?max = 525 nm. The method C is based on the oxidation of malathion or dimethoate with the slight excess of N-bromosuccinimide (NBS) and the determination of unreacted oxidant by reacting it with amaranth dye (AM) in hydrochloric acid medium at a suitable ?max = 520 nm. A regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 0.1-4.2 ?g mL?1. The apparent molar absorptivity, Sandell sensitivity, the detection and quantification limits were calculated. For more accurate analysis, Ringbom optimum concentration ranges are 0.25-4.0 ?g mL?1. The developed methods were successfully applied to the determination of malathion, and dimethoate in their formulations and environmental vegetable samples.

scholarly journals Novel Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Selegiline Hydrochloride in Bulk and Its Pharmaceutical Preparation

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumble Divya ◽  
Badiadka Narayana
Keyword(s):  
Spectrophotometric Method ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparation ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Colored Product ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition

A simple and highly selective spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of selegiline hydrochloride in bulk and formulations. Method A is based on the oxidation of 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone in the presence of ceric ammonium sulphate, followed by its coupling reaction with drug to form a colored product having λmax of 629 nm. Method B is based on the coupling reaction of drug with 4-aminoantipyrine to give a new ligand that reacts with copper(II) to give intense bluish red colored chelate which is measured at 539 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range of 10.00–85.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.98×104 for method A and 20.00–120.00 μg mL−1 with molar absorptivity of 0.94×104 for method B. The optimum reaction condition and the analytical parameters are evaluated. The results obtained indicate that the methods are free from interference of the ingredients; thus they are successfully applied to pharmaceutical formulations.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Gemifloxacin Mesylate in Pharmaceutical Formulations Through Ion-Pair Complex Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marothu Vamsi Krishna ◽  
Dannana Gowri Sankar
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Safranin O

Four simple and sensitive ion-pairing spectrophotometric methods have been described for the assay of gemifloxacin mesylate (GFX) either in pure form or in pharmaceutical formulations. The developed methods involve formation of colored chloroform extractable ion-pair complexes of the drug with safranin O (SFN O) and methylene blue (MB) in basic medium; Napthol blue 12BR (NB 12BR) and azocaramine G (AG) in acidic medium. The extracted complexes showed absorbance maxima at 525, 650, 620 and 540 nm for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively.Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration ranges 3-15, 4-20, 2-10 and 2-10 μg/mL with molar absorptivity of 2.81 × 104, 2.20 x 104, 4.02 × 104and 4.15 × 104L mole−1cm−1and relative standard deviation of 0.077, 0.104, 0.080 and 0.103% for SFN O, MB, NB 12BR and AG, respectively. These methods have been successfully applied for the assay of drug in pharmaceutical formulations. No interference was observed from common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Results of analysis were validated statistically and through recovery studies.

Colorimetric Determination of Amoxicillin in Pure and some Pharmaceutical Formulations Via Reaction with Potassium Permanganate as Oxidant Reagent

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Shebeeb Al-kadumi ◽  
Sahar Rihan Fadhel ◽  
Mohammed Abdullah Ahmed ◽  
Luma Amer Musa
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
Photometric Method ◽  
Colorimetric Determination ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Label Claim

We proposed two simple, rapid, and convenient spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of Amoxicillin in bulk and its pharmaceutical preparations. They are based on the measurement of the flame atomic emission of potassium ion (in first method) and colorimetric determination of the green colored solution for manganite ion at 610 nm formed after reaction of Amoxicillin with potassium permanganate as oxidant agent (in the second method) in basic medium. The working conditions of the methods were investigated and optimized. Beer's law plot showed a good correlation in the concentration range of 5-45 μg/ml. The detection limits and relative standared deviations were (2.573, 2.814 μg/ml) (2.137, 2.498) for the flame emission photometric method and (1.844, 2.016 μg/ml) (1.645,1.932) for colorimetric methods for capsules and suspensions respectively. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of Amoxicillin in capsules and suspensions, and the obtained results were in good agreement with the label claim. No interference was observed from the commonly encountered additives and expectancies.

scholarly journals Indirect spectrophotometric determination of gentamicin and vancomycin antibiotics based on their oxidation by potassium permanganate

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 708-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram El-Didamony ◽  
Alaa Amin ◽  
Ahmed Ghoneim ◽  
Ayman Telebany
Keyword(s):  
Acid Medium ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Subsequent Determination ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Acid Orange Ii ◽  
Sulphuric Acid Medium

AbstractFour simple, accurate, sensitive and economical procedures (A–D) for the estimation of gentamicin sulphate and vancomycin hydrochloride, both in pure form and in pharmaceutical formulations have been developed. The methods are based on the oxidation of the studied drugs by a known excess of potassium permanganate in sulphuric acid medium and subsequent determination of unreacted oxidant by reacting it with amaranth dye (method A), acid orange II (method B), indigocarmine (method C) and methylene blue (method D), in the same acid medium at a suitable λmax=521, 485, 610 and 664 nm, respectively. The reacted oxidant corresponds to the drug content. Regression analysis of Beer-Lambert plots showed good correlations in the concentration ranges 4–8, 3–8, 4–9 and 5–9 µg ml−1 with gentamicin and 4–8, 1.5–4, 1.5–4 and 3.5–5.5 µg ml−1 with vancomycin for methods A, B, C, and D, respectively. The molar absorptivity, sandell sensitivity, detection and quantification limits were calculated. The stoichiometric ratios for the cited drugs were studied. The optimum reaction conditions and other analytical parameters were evaluated. The influence of the substance commonly employed as excipients with these drugs were studied. The proposed methods were applied to the determination of these drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The results have demonstrated that the methods are equally accurate and reproducible as the official methods.

scholarly journals Cerimetric determination of simvastatin in pharmaceuticals based on redox and complex formation reactions

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Kanakapura Basavaiah ◽  
Okram Zenita Devi
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Fixed Quantity ◽  
Bulk Drug ◽  
Student’S T

Two sensitive spectrophotometric methods are described for the determination of simvastatin (SMT) in bulk drug and in tablets. The methods are based on the oxidation of SMT by a measured excess of cerium (IV) in acid medium followed by determination of unreacted oxidant by two different reaction schemes. In one procedure (method A), the residual cerium (IV) is reacted with a fixed concentration of ferroin and the increase in absorbance is measured at 510 nm. The second approach (method B) involves thereduction of the unreacted cerium (IV) with a fixed quantity of iron (II), and the resulting iron (III) is complexed with thiocyanate and the absorbance measured at 470 nm. In both methods, the amount of cerium (IV) reacted corresponds to SMT concentration. The experimental conditions for both methods were optimized. In method A, the absorbance is found to increase linearly with SMT concentration (r = 0.9995) whereas in method B, the same decreased (r = -0.9943). The systems obey Beer’s law for 0.6-7.5 and 0.5-5.0 μg mL-1 for method A and method B, respectively. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 2.7 X 104 and 1.06 X 105 Lmol-1 cm-1, respectively; and the corresponding sandel sensitivity values are 0.0153 and 0.0039μg cm-2, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) are reported for both methods. Intra-day and inter-day precision, and accuracy of the methods were established as per the current ICH guidelines. The methods were successfully applied to the determination of SMT in tablets and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying the Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common excipients added to tablets. The accuracy and validity of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery experiments via standard addition procedure.

scholarly journals SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR DETERMINATION OF SOFOSBUVIR AND DACLATASVIR IN PURE AND DOSAGE FORMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
MONIR Z. SAAD ◽  
ATEF AMER ◽  
KHALED ELGENDY ◽  
BASEM ELGENDY
Keyword(s):  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Standard Addition ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Fixed Amount ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods

Objective: Two simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sofosbuvir (SOF) and daclatasvir (DAC) in pure forms and pharmaceutical formulations. Methods: The proposed methods are based on the oxidation of SOF and DAC by a known excess of cerium(IV) ammonium nitrate in sulphuric acid medium followed by determination of unreacted cerium(IV) by adding a fixed amount of indigo carmine (IC) and alizarin red S (ARS) dyes followed by measuring the absorbance at 610 and 360 nm, respectively. The experimental conditions affecting the reaction were studied and optimized. Results: The beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration ranges of 0.2-3.0, 0.2-4.0 for SOF and 0.5-4.5 and 0.5-5.0 μg/ml for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively with a correlation coefficient ≥ 0.9991. The calculated molar absorptivity values are 2.354 × 104, 1.933 × 104 for SOF and 1.786 × 104 and 2.015 × 104 L/mol. cm for DAC using IC and ARS methods, respectively u. The limits of detection and quantification are also reported. Intra-day and inter-day precision and accuracy of the methods have been evaluated. Conclusion: The methods were successfully applied to the assay of SOF and DAC in tablets and the results were statistically compared with those of the reference method by applying Student’s t-test and F-test. No interference was observed from the common tablet excipients. The accuracy and reliability of the methods were further ascertained by performing recovery studies using the standard addition method.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Methods for the Assay of Pyrilamine Maleate Using Chromogenic Reagents

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1507-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Annapurna ◽  
G. Jyothi ◽  
V. Nagalakshmi ◽  
B. B. V. Sailaja
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Oxidative Coupling ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Method Of Least Squares ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
Oxidative Coupling Reaction ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexation

Simple, accurate and reproducible UV spectrophotometric methods were established for the assay of pyrilamine maleate (PYRA) based on the formation of oxidative coupling and precipitation, charge transfer complexation products. Method A includes the oxidative coupling reaction of PYRA with 3-methyl-2-benzathiazolinone hydrazone (MBTH) in presence of Ce(IV). The formation of oxidative coupling product with 4-amino phenazone (4-AP) in presence of K3Fe(CN)6is incorporated in method B. Precipitation/charge transfer complex formation of the PYRA with tannic acid (TA)/Metol-Cr(VI) in method C were proposed. The optical characteristics such as Beers law limits, molar absorptivity and Sandell’s sensitivity for the methods (A-C) are given. Regression analysis using the method of least squares was made to evaluate the slope (b), intercept (a) and correlation coefficient (r) and standard error of estimation (Se) for each system. Determination of pyrilamine in bulk form and in pharmaceutical formulations were also incorporated.

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