scholarly journals Fluorescence spectroscopy of normal and follicular cancer samples from human thyroid

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Giubileo ◽  
F. Colao ◽  
A. Puiu ◽  
G. Panzironi ◽  
F. Brizzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Spectroscopy ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Thyroid

An autofluorescence analysis has been performed on healthy as well as tumour thyroid tissue samples to distinguish follicular cancer from normal thyroid. Complete spectra and synchronous spectra have been recordered from properly stored samples. Fluorescence bands located at 350 nm and 400 nm has been observed in the analysed cancer samples.

scholarly journals Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Lingji Guo ◽  
Donglin Luo ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Jianjie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Steroid Receptor Coactivator ◽  
Lymphatic Metastases ◽  
Factor C

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro. Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-COV-2 receptor ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells: a clue for COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rotondi ◽  
F. Coperchini ◽  
G. Ricci ◽  
M. Denegri ◽  
L. Croce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Subacute Thyroiditis ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Cell ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Tissue Samples

Abstract Purpose SARS-COV-2 is a pathogenic agent belonging to the coronavirus family, responsible for the current global world pandemic. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is the receptor for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2. ACE-2 is a type I transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase involved in the Renin-Angiotensin pathway. By analyzing two independent databases, ACE-2 was identified in several human tissues including the thyroid. Although some cases of COVID-19-related subacute thyroiditis were recently described, direct proof for the expression of the ACE-2 mRNA in thyroid cells is still lacking. Aim of the present study was to investigate by RT-PCR whether the mRNA encoding for ACE-2 is present in human thyroid cells. Methods RT-PCR was performed on in vitro ex vivo study on thyroid tissue samples (15 patients undergoing thyroidectomy for benign thyroid nodules) and primary thyroid cell cultures. Results The ACE-2 mRNA was detected in all surgical thyroid tissue samples (n = 15). Compared with two reporter genes (GAPDH: 0.052 ± 0.0026 Cycles−1; β-actin: 0.044 ± 0.0025 Cycles−1; ACE-2: 0.035 ± 0.0024 Cycles−1), the mean level of transcript expression for ACE-2 mRNA was abundant. The expression of ACE-2 mRNA in follicular cells was confirmed by analyzing primary cultures of thyroid cells, which expressed the ACE-2 mRNA at levels similar to tissues. Conclusions The results of the present study demonstrate that the mRNA encoding for the ACE-2 receptor is expressed in thyroid follicular cells, making them a potential target for SARS-COV-2 entry. Future clinical studies in patients with COVID-19 will be required for increase our understanding of the thyroid repercussions of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals Na+/I− Symporter Distribution in Human Thyroid Tissues: An Immunohistochemical Study1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 4102-4106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Caillou ◽  
Frédéric Troalen ◽  
Eric Baudin ◽  
Monique Talbot ◽  
Sébastiano Filetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Neoplasms ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Follicular Cells ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Well Differentiated

Antipeptide antibodies raised against the carboxyl-terminal region of the human sodium/iodide (Na+/I−) symporter (hNIS) were used to investigate by immunohistochemistry the presence and distribution of the hNIS protein in normal thyroid tissues, in some pathological nonneoplastic thyroid tissues, and in different histotypes of thyroid neoplasms. In normal thyroid tissue, staining of hNIS protein was heterogeneous and limited to a minority of follicular cells that were in close contact with capillary vessels. In positive cells, immunostaining was limited to the basolateral membrane. In contrast, in Graves’ disease the majority of follicular cells expressed the hNIS protein. In autoimmune thyroiditis, the number of hNIS-positive cells, was similar to that found in normal tissue. These positive cells were found essentially close to lymphocytic infiltrates. This observation supports the concept of hNIS as an autoantigen. In diffuse nodular hyperplasia, hNIS staining was heterogeneous, but the number of hNIS-positive cells exceeded that found in normal tissue. In well differentiated follicular or papillary carcinoma, the number of hNIS-positive cells was significantly lower than in normal tissue. In poorly differentiated follicular carcinoma, the number of hNIS-positive cells was less than that found in well differentiated carcinoma, or there were no positive cells. Interestingly, in all of these thyroid tissues, the number of follicular cells exhibiting TSH receptor (TSHR) immunoreactivity was greater than the number of hNIS-positive cells. As hNIS expression appears to be related to TSHR stimulation, the decreased number of TSHR-positive cells in cancers may contribute to the reduced capacity of neoplastic cells to concentrate iodide. In one patient with a follicular cancer with an absence of hNIS immunostaining, the total body 131I scan showed no uptake in metastatic tissue. In three cancers with positive hNIS cells, the 131I scan showed uptake in lymph node metastases. This suggests that immunodetection of hNIS could predict radioiodine uptake in thyroid cancers.

THE FORMATION OF THYROGLOBULIN IN HUMAN THYROID MEDULLARY CARCINOMA

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-G. Ljunggren ◽  
T. Löwhagen ◽  
B. Hjern
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Tumour Tissue ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Fresh Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Medullary Carcinoma ◽  
Normal Thyroid

ABSTRACT The biosynthesis of thyroglobulin has been investigated in five welldemarcated thyroid medullary carcinomas. The biochemical methods used allowed the study to be performed on small amounts of tissue, about 2–4 mg. The biochemical results were compared with the morphological structure. A normal biosynthesis was obtained in three of the five investigated tumours. No indication of a biosynthesis was obtained in the remaining two tumours. The morphological investigation revealed that normal thyroid follicles were found in the tumour tissue close to the pieces with a normal biosynthesis. Normal thyroid follicles could not be found in the tumour tissue with no sign of biosynthesis. Metastases from two medullary carcinomas were also investigated. No indication for a biosynthesis of thyroxine or thyroglobulin was found. Normal thyroid follicles could not be demonstrated. It is concluded that the biosynthesis of thyroglobulin in well-demarcated medullary carcinomas occurs in normal thyroid tissue present within the tumour. It is also concluded that all studies on the function of thyroid carcinomas must involve studies on very small pieces of fresh tissue in order to avoid heterogeneity and must involve a morphological examination of the surrounding tissue.

scholarly journals Intracellular expression of reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase NOX4 in normal and cancer thyroid tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbain Weyemi ◽  
Bernard Caillou ◽  
Monique Talbot ◽  
Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani ◽  
Ludovic Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Cellular Expression

NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) belongs to the NOX family that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Function and tissue distribution of NOX4 have not yet been entirely clarified. To date, in the thyroid gland, only DUOX1/2 NOX systems have been described. NOX4 mRNA expression, as shown by real-time PCR, was present in normal thyroid tissue, regulated by TSH and significantly increased in differentiated cancer tissues. TSH increased the protein level of NOX4 in human thyroid primary culture and NOX4-dependent ROS generation. NOX4 immunostaining was detected in normal and pathologic thyroid tissues. In normal thyroid tissue, staining was heterogeneous and mostly found in activated columnar thyrocytes but absent in quiescent flat cells. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas displayed more homogeneous staining. The p22phox protein that forms a heterodimeric enzyme complex with NOX4 displayed an identical cellular expression pattern and was also positively regulated by TSH. ROS may have various biological effects, depending on the site of production. Intracellular NOX4–p22phox localization suggests a role in cytoplasmic redox signaling, in contrast to the DUOX localization at the apical membrane that corresponds to an extracellular H2O2 production. Increased NOX4–p22phox in cancer might be related to a higher proliferation rate and tumor progression but a role in the development of tumors has to be further studied and established in the future.

Protein composition in single follicles, homogenates and fine-needle aspiration biopsies from normal and diseased human thyroid

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anderberg ◽  
S. Eneström ◽  
J. Gillquist ◽  
B. Kägedal ◽  
J. C. Månsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Colloid

Abstract. The protein composition of the thyroid colloid was analysed by microgel electrophoresis and densitometry in 41 euthyroid patients. The colloid samples were obtained from single follicles by micropuncture, from homogenates of microbiopsies or from aspiration biopsies. Fourteen of the patients had morphologically normal thyroid tissue, 18 had atoxic nodular goitre and 9 of the patients had atoxic adenoma. Ten of the patients with nodular goitre had prior to the investigation recieved lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders. The main component of the thyroid colloid was 19S thyroglobulin (TG), but larger iodoproteins (S-TG) and smaller protein fractions, an albumin-like protein and a pre-albumin fraction, were also present in varying relative amounts. Analyses of homogenates of microbiopsies from normal thyroid tissue demonstrated the same protein composition as observed in single follicles. In colloid samples from atoxic nodular goitre the lighter protein fractions were absent in most of the samples. Analyses of homogenates or aspiration biopsies could not demonstrate this alteration in the protein composition in nodular goitre. Lithium therapy resulted in a significantly lower amount of the lighter protein fractions but unchanged amounts of the globulin fractions in atoxic nodular goitre. In the atoxic adenomas the protein composition was heterogeneous. The major globulin fractions as well as the lighter protein fractions were present in the analyses of colloids and homogenates of microbiopsies. Aspiration biopsies from atoxic adenomas could not be used for analyses of the protein composition due to contamination with serum proteins.

scholarly journals Validation of Reference Genes for Normalization Gene Expression in Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR in Human Normal Thyroid and Goiter Tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Weber ◽  
Ana Paula Santin Bertoni ◽  
Laura Walter Bessestil ◽  
Beatriz Maria de Azevedo Assis Brasil ◽  
llma Simoni Brum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Transcription ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Normalization Gene ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin

Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been recognized as the most accurate method for quantifying mRNA transcripts, but normalization of samples is a prerequisite for correct data interpretation. So, this study aimed to evaluate the most stable reference gene for RT-qPCR in human normal thyroid and goiter tissues. Beta-actin (ACTB); glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH); succinate dehydrogenase, subunit A, flavoprotein (Fp) (SDHA); hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase I (HPRTI); tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide (YWHAZ); and beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) were evaluated in 14 thyroid tissue samples (7 normal and 7 goiter tissues) by RT-qPCR. The mean Cq and the maximum fold change (MFC) and NormFinder software were used to assess the stability of the genes. As a result, ACTB gene was more stable than GAPDH, SDHA, HPRTI, YWHAZ, and B2M. In conclusion, ACTB could be used to normalize RT-qPCR data in normal thyroid and goiter tissues.

scholarly journals Expression of the cholecystokinin 2-receptor in normal human thyroid gland and medullary thyroid carcinoma

2002 ◽  
pp. 89-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Blaker ◽  
A de Weerth ◽  
M Tometten ◽  
M Schulz ◽  
W Hoppner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
C Cells ◽  
Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
C Cell Hyperplasia ◽  
Advanced Tumor ◽  
Tumor Stages ◽  
Tt Cells

OBJECTIVE: The cholecystokinin(2)-receptor (CCK(2)R) promotes secretion and cell growth induced by its ligands cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin. The receptor has recently been shown to be expressed in human medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs). The objective of this study was to analyze CCK(2)R expression in MTC samples of different tumor stages as well as in non-malignant thyroid tissues. DESIGN AND METHODS: Using RT-PCR we investigated 19 MTC samples and TT-cells (a human MTC cell line), as well as samples of normal thyroid. In addition, we performed immunohistochemistry using calcitonin- and CCK(2)R-specific antibodies on MTCs and samples of C-cell hyperplasia. RESULTS: We demonstrate for the first time that CCK(2)R is expressed not only in MTCs but in all samples of normal thyroid tissue. Using immunohistochemistry the receptor could be localized on calcitonin-secreting C-cells. The highest incidence of CCK(2)R expression in MTCs was observed in early-tumor stages, whereas CCK(2)R could not be detected in advanced or metastasized tumors. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of CCK(2)R in C-cells suggests a physiological function for gastrin and/or CCK in the regulation of calcitonin release, presumably related to bone and calcium metabolism. Moreover, these ligands might act as growth factors in MTCs. Efforts in the development of CCK(2)R scintigraphy for the detection of MTC lesions might have to consider a lower incidence of the receptor in advanced tumor stages.

scholarly journals Novel Isoforms of Periostin Expressed in the Human Thyroid

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. JCM.S5899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanhua Bai ◽  
Misa Nakamura ◽  
Gengyin Zhou ◽  
Yaqiong Li ◽  
Zhiyan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Matrix Protein ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Extracellular Matrix Protein ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
C Terminus ◽  
Novel Isoforms

Periostin is an extracellular matrix protein. Five isoforms of human periostin cDNA have been reported, but the expression of periostin isoforms in the human thyroid tissue is by far unknown. A group of primer sets were designed to amplify the full length of cDNA sequence of periostin. Using human thyroid carcinoma and their paired non-neoplastic tissues together with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma cell lines, we examined the presence of periostin cDNA isoforms by RT-PCR and direct DNA sequence analysis. We identified eight coexisting cDNA isoforms in all the tissue samples and cell lines. Three of them were unique to this study. Especially two of them haven't been previously reported in any species. The eight periostin isoforms differ in the C-terminus from exon XII to exon XXI where alternative splicing usually happens. This is the first report that demonstrates all the eight isoforms of periostin cDNA expressed in the human thyroid gland and identifies three novel isoforms.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of the Na+/I− Symporter in Cultured Human Thyroid Cells Exposed to Thyrotropin and in Graves’ Thyroid Tissue*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3331-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Saito ◽  
Toyoshi Endo ◽  
Akio Kawaguchi ◽  
Masato Ikeda ◽  
Minoru Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is important in hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. NIS activity, as reflected by I− uptake, was increased by TSH (1 mU/mL) or forskolin (10μ mol/L) in primary cultured human thyroid cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that incubation of these cells with TSH or forskolin for 24 h increased the abundance of NIS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 2.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases, respectively, in the amount of NIS protein after 48 h, suggesting that elevated levels of intracellular cAMP induced the expression of NIS in human thyrocytes. We then studied the levels of NIS mRNA and protein in Graves’ thyroid tissue and found that the amount of NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue from individuals with Graves’ disease (n = 5) was 3.8 times that in normal thyroid tissue (n = 5). The abundance of NIS mRNA was significantly correlated with that of thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin mRNAs, but not with that of TSH receptor mRNA, in the Graves’ and normal thyroid tissue specimens. The amount of NIS protein was also increased 3.1-fold in Graves’ thyroid tissue compared with that in normal thyroid tissue. The increased expression of NIS may thus contribute to the development of Graves’ disease.

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