Protein composition in single follicles, homogenates and fine-needle aspiration biopsies from normal and diseased human thyroid

1981 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Anderberg ◽  
S. Eneström ◽  
J. Gillquist ◽  
B. Kägedal ◽  
J. C. Månsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Lithium Therapy ◽  
Protein Fractions ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Colloid

Abstract. The protein composition of the thyroid colloid was analysed by microgel electrophoresis and densitometry in 41 euthyroid patients. The colloid samples were obtained from single follicles by micropuncture, from homogenates of microbiopsies or from aspiration biopsies. Fourteen of the patients had morphologically normal thyroid tissue, 18 had atoxic nodular goitre and 9 of the patients had atoxic adenoma. Ten of the patients with nodular goitre had prior to the investigation recieved lithium therapy for psychiatric disorders. The main component of the thyroid colloid was 19S thyroglobulin (TG), but larger iodoproteins (S-TG) and smaller protein fractions, an albumin-like protein and a pre-albumin fraction, were also present in varying relative amounts. Analyses of homogenates of microbiopsies from normal thyroid tissue demonstrated the same protein composition as observed in single follicles. In colloid samples from atoxic nodular goitre the lighter protein fractions were absent in most of the samples. Analyses of homogenates or aspiration biopsies could not demonstrate this alteration in the protein composition in nodular goitre. Lithium therapy resulted in a significantly lower amount of the lighter protein fractions but unchanged amounts of the globulin fractions in atoxic nodular goitre. In the atoxic adenomas the protein composition was heterogeneous. The major globulin fractions as well as the lighter protein fractions were present in the analyses of colloids and homogenates of microbiopsies. Aspiration biopsies from atoxic adenomas could not be used for analyses of the protein composition due to contamination with serum proteins.

PROTEIN COMPOSITION OF THE THYROID COLLOID IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTHYROIDISM

1980 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. ANDERBERG ◽  
S. ENESTRÖM ◽  
J. GILLQUIST ◽  
S. SMEDS
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Supernatant Fraction ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Colloid

Analysis of the protein composition of the thyroid colloid was performed in 28 patients operated on for hyperthyroidism. Fifteen of the patients were treated before the operation with carbimazole combined with thyroxine and 13 were treated with propranolol alone. Colloid was collected by micropuncture of single follicles in peroperative thyroid biopsies. The protein composition was analysed by microgel electrophoresis and densitometry, both in the colloid samples and in the supernatant fraction of homogenates of microbiopsies from the thyroid specimens. The analyses showed that, during treatment with carbimazole and thyroxine, the relative amount of the larger thyroglobulin aggregates (S-TG) was decreased compared with the relative amount observed in the colloid from normal thyroid tissue. In the hyperfunctioning thyroid tissue from the propranolol-treated patients the protein composition of the colloid was similar to that observed in normal tissue and the relative amount of the S-TG fractions was significantly higher than in the carbimazole- and thyroxine-treated group. It may be concluded that the increased release of thyroid hormones in hyperthyroidism is not combined with changes in the protein composition of the thyroid colloid. The decreased relative amount of the S-TG fractions in the thyroid colloid from patients treated with carbimazole and thyroxine was probably due to an insufficient capacity to iodinate thyroglobulin.

scholarly journals Steroid receptor coactivator-1 interacts with NF-κB to increase VEGFC levels in human thyroid cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Lingji Guo ◽  
Donglin Luo ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Jianjie Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Steroid Receptor ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Steroid Receptor Coactivator ◽  
Lymphatic Metastases ◽  
Factor C

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, and has a high incidence of lymphatic metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) is essential for development of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic metastases during carcinogenesis. Steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1) interacts with nuclear receptors and transcription factors to promote tumor proliferation and metastasis. However, the correlation between SRC-1 and VEGFC levels in the lymphatic metastases of thyroid cancer remains unclear. We analyzed 20-paired specimens of thyroid cancer tissue and normal thyroid tissue and found increased levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC proteins in 13/20 and 15/20 thyroid cancer specimens, respectively, when compared with those levels in specimens of normal thyroid tissue. A high level of SRC-1 expression was positively correlated with VEGFC and lymphatic endothelial cell marker LYVE-1 expression. Papillary thyroid carcinoma cell line TPC-1 displayed high levels of SRC-1 and VEGFC expression and was selected for stable knockdown of SRC-1 in vitro. Inhibition of SRC-1 significantly reduced the VEGFC levels in TPC-1 cells. We found that SRC-1 binds to transcription factor NF-kB (p50/p65), and that this coactivation complex directly promoted VEGFC transcription, which could be abrogated by SRC-1 knockdown. Up-regulated NF-kB signaling was also confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues. In vivo studies showed that SRC-1 knockdown restricted tumor growth, reduced the numbers of LYVE-1-positive lymphatic vessels, and decreased the levels of VEGFC in tumor tissues. These results suggest a tumorigenic role for SRC-1 in thyroid cancer via its ability to regulate VEGFC expression.

Is Paranodular, Grossly Normal Thyroid Tissue from Patients with Non-Toxic Nodular Goitre Really Normal?

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (09) ◽  
pp. 504-505
Author(s):  
M. Solter ◽  
D. Tišlarić ◽  
M. Dominis ◽  
M. Sekso ◽  
B. Pegan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Toxic Nodular Goitre

scholarly journals Intracellular expression of reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidase NOX4 in normal and cancer thyroid tissues

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urbain Weyemi ◽  
Bernard Caillou ◽  
Monique Talbot ◽  
Rabii Ameziane-El-Hassani ◽  
Ludovic Lacroix ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Cellular Expression

NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) belongs to the NOX family that generates reactive oxygen species (ROS). Function and tissue distribution of NOX4 have not yet been entirely clarified. To date, in the thyroid gland, only DUOX1/2 NOX systems have been described. NOX4 mRNA expression, as shown by real-time PCR, was present in normal thyroid tissue, regulated by TSH and significantly increased in differentiated cancer tissues. TSH increased the protein level of NOX4 in human thyroid primary culture and NOX4-dependent ROS generation. NOX4 immunostaining was detected in normal and pathologic thyroid tissues. In normal thyroid tissue, staining was heterogeneous and mostly found in activated columnar thyrocytes but absent in quiescent flat cells. Papillary and follicular thyroid carcinomas displayed more homogeneous staining. The p22phox protein that forms a heterodimeric enzyme complex with NOX4 displayed an identical cellular expression pattern and was also positively regulated by TSH. ROS may have various biological effects, depending on the site of production. Intracellular NOX4–p22phox localization suggests a role in cytoplasmic redox signaling, in contrast to the DUOX localization at the apical membrane that corresponds to an extracellular H2O2 production. Increased NOX4–p22phox in cancer might be related to a higher proliferation rate and tumor progression but a role in the development of tumors has to be further studied and established in the future.

Secretion rates of thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and reverse triiodothyronine in man during surgery

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Tegler ◽  
Jan Gillquist ◽  
Roland Lindvall ◽  
Sven Almqvist
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goitre ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Secretion Rates

Abstract. The secretion rates of T4, T3, and rT3 were studied in experiments of short duration by a new method based on determinations of the hormone difference across the thyroid combined with simultaneous electromagnetic thyroid blood flowmetry during surgery in 70 euthyroid patients. The secretion rate of T3 was similar in normal thyroid tissue and nodular goitre, but those of T4 and rT3 were lower in nodular goitre and solitary adenoma (P < 0.05). In 61 patients with normal thyroid tissue or nodular goitre the secretion rates during surgery (mean ± sem) were for T4 222 ± 28 nmol/day, for T3 27.4 ± 3.1 nmol/day, and for rT3 3.5 ± 0.5 nmol/day. In relation to the individual T4 secretion rate, the secretion rate of T3 was 12.5 ± 3.0% and that of rT3 1.2 ± 0.9%. In these short-term experiments we found a secretion rate for T4 during operation about 50% greater than in earlier long-term kinetic studies, but which tallied with a recent report using a 4-compartment model. For T3 and rT3 it was 2–3 times greater than earlier estimates. The secretion was estimated to be 50% of the total production rate for T3 and 6% for rT3. If proportional adjustment were performed to yield a T4 secretion of about 130 nmol/day, T3 and rT3 secretion rates would still be greater than earlier reported.

scholarly journals Increased Expression of the Na+/I− Symporter in Cultured Human Thyroid Cells Exposed to Thyrotropin and in Graves’ Thyroid Tissue*

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (10) ◽  
pp. 3331-3336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsukasa Saito ◽  
Toyoshi Endo ◽  
Akio Kawaguchi ◽  
Masato Ikeda ◽  
Minoru Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Cells ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Messenger Ribonucleic Acid

Abstract The Na+/I− symporter (NIS) is important in hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. NIS activity, as reflected by I− uptake, was increased by TSH (1 mU/mL) or forskolin (10μ mol/L) in primary cultured human thyroid cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that incubation of these cells with TSH or forskolin for 24 h increased the abundance of NIS messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) 2.3- and 2.5-fold, respectively. Immunoblot analysis revealed 2.7- and 2.4-fold increases, respectively, in the amount of NIS protein after 48 h, suggesting that elevated levels of intracellular cAMP induced the expression of NIS in human thyrocytes. We then studied the levels of NIS mRNA and protein in Graves’ thyroid tissue and found that the amount of NIS mRNA in thyroid tissue from individuals with Graves’ disease (n = 5) was 3.8 times that in normal thyroid tissue (n = 5). The abundance of NIS mRNA was significantly correlated with that of thyroid peroxidase or thyroglobulin mRNAs, but not with that of TSH receptor mRNA, in the Graves’ and normal thyroid tissue specimens. The amount of NIS protein was also increased 3.1-fold in Graves’ thyroid tissue compared with that in normal thyroid tissue. The increased expression of NIS may thus contribute to the development of Graves’ disease.

scholarly journals A comprehensive mass spectral library for human thyroid tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoting Sun ◽  
Lu Li ◽  
Weigang Ge ◽  
Zhen Dong ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinoma ◽  
Thyroid Nodules ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Follicular Adenoma ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Papillary Thyroid ◽  
Spectral Library ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid

Thyroid nodules occur in about 60% of the population. Current diagnostic strategies, however, often fail at distinguishing malignant nodules before surgery, thus leading to unnecessary, invasive treatments. As proteins are involved in all physio/pathological processes, a proteome investigation of biopsied nodules may help correctly classify and identify malignant nodules and discover therapeutic targets. Quantitative mass spectrometry data-independent acquisition (DIA) enables highly reproducible and rapid throughput investigation of proteomes. An exhaustive spectral library of thyroid nodules is essential for DIA yet still unavailable. This study presents a comprehensive thyroid spectral library covering five types of thyroid tissue: multinodular goiter, follicular adenoma, follicular and papillary thyroid carcinoma, and normal thyroid tissue. Our library includes 925,330 transition groups, 157,548 peptide precursors, 121,960 peptides, 9941 protein groups, and 9826 proteins from proteotypic peptides. This library resource was evaluated using three papillary thyroid carcinoma samples and their corresponding adjacent normal thyroid tissue, leading to effective quantification of up to 7863 proteins from biopsy-level thyroid tissues.

The CCK2-receptor is expressed in human medullary thyroid carcinomas as well as in normal thyroid tissue

2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A507-A507
Author(s):  
M BLAEKER ◽  
A WEERTH ◽  
L JONAS ◽  
M TOMETTEN ◽  
M SCHUTZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Cck2 Receptor ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Carcinomas

Detection of parathyroid adenomas with 4DCT: Towards a true four-dimensional technique

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Raeymaeckers ◽  
Yannick De Brucker ◽  
Tim Vanderhasselt ◽  
Nico Buls ◽  
Johan De Mey
Keyword(s):  
Primary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Motion Artifacts ◽  
P Value ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Dose Length Product ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Parathyroid Lesions ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background. 4DCT is a commonly performed examination in the management of primary hyperparathyroidism, combining three-dimensional imaging with enhancement over time as the fourth dimension. We propose a novel technique consisting of 16 different contrast phases, instead of three or four different phases. The main aim of this study was to see if this protocol allows for the detection of parathyroid adenomas within dose limits. Our secondary aim was examining the enhancement of parathyroid lesions over time.Methods. For this prospective study, we included 15 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism prior to surgery. We obtain a 4DCT with 16 different phases: an unenhanced phase followed by 11 consecutive arterial phases and 4 venous phases. Centered on the thyroid, continuous axial scanning is performed over a fixed 8cm or 16cm coverage volume after start of contrast administration.Results. In all patients an enlarged parathyroid can be demonstrated, mean lesion size is 13.6mm. Mean peak arterial peak enhancement for parathyroid lesions is 384 HU compared to 333 HU for the normal thyroid. No statistical difference could be found. Time to peak (TTP) is significantly earlier for parathyroid adenomas compared to normal thyroid tissue: 30.8s versus 32.3s (p value 0.008). Mean Slope of Increase (MSI) of the enhancement curve is significantly steeper compared to normal thyroid tissue: 29.8% versus 22.2% (p value 0.012). Mean dose length product was 890.7 mGy.cm with a calculated effective dose of 6.7 mSv.Conclusion. We propose a feasible 4DCT scanning-protocol for the detection of parathyroid adenomas. We manage to obtain a multitude of phases, allowing for a dynamic evaluation within an acceptable exposure range when compared to classic helical 4DCT. Our 4DCT protocol may allow for a better visualization of the pattern of enhancement of parathyroid lesions, as enhancement over time curves can be drawn. This way wash-in and wash-out of contrast in suspected lesions can be readily demonstrated. Motion artifacts are less problematic as multiple phases are available.

scholarly journals Certain peculiarities of parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with nodular forms of goiter with its rucurrent and non-recurrent course

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
N. P. Tkachuk ◽  
I. S. Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Nodular Goiter ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Normal Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Stromal Component ◽  
Correlation Parameters

In spite of a considerable efficacy of conservative treatment of goiter, surgery remains the main method of treatment of such patients. Though, on the one hand, total thyroidectomy inevitably results in the development of postsurgical hypothyroidism, on the other hand – in case organ-saving surgery is performed the risk of postsurgical relapse arises. Modern morphological methods are directed to detection of oncological risk of nodular formations, and recommendations concerning an adequate volume of surgery taking into account probability of relapse are practically lacking. Therefore, the objective of the study was finding criteria of a relapsing risk by means of investigation of morphological peculiarities of the parenchymal-stromal correlations in the thyroid gland with recurrent nodular and primary nodular (multinodular) goiter without signs of functional disorders. In the course of the research according to the examined correlation parameters of the parenchyma and stroma various forms of nodular goiter were found to differ from the thyroid tissue without pathological changes by a number of parameters. In particular, specific weight of the parenchyma on an average increases reliably in the tissue of nodular goiter with its various variants in comparison with the thyroid gland without pathological changes. Together with the increase of the parenchymal specific weight in nodular goiter the amount of colloid on an average decreases, and a specific dependence on the kind of goiter is observed – colloid volume decreases from goiter with slow growth to goiter with quick growth, and it is the smallest with goiter relapse. Quantitative analysis of the goiter tissue stromal component demonstrates a considerable increase of its specific volume in comparison with normal thyroid tissue. Evaluation of changes of the morphometric parameters in the thyroid follicles found that in case of nodular goiter with slow growth the percentage of follicles with colloid is close to 100%. On an average it does not differ from that of the normal thyroid tissue. At the same time, in case of nodular goiter with quick growth the percentage of follicles with colloid decreases sharply, and in case of relapse it appears to be still less than that in nodular goiter with quick growth. Besides, with nodular goiter the diameter of follicles on an average increases in comparison with the normal thyroid tissue. In a number of cases it can be estimated as macrofollicular goiter. At the same time, the diameter of follicles is smaller in nodular goiter with quick growth. It is still less in case of goiter relapse. The size of follicles becomes sharply diverse in case of nodular goiter with slow growth, but it decreases in case of nodular goiter with quick growth and relapse. Consequently, recurrent nodular goiter is mostly similar to that of primary nodular goiter with a quick growth, though certain differences between them exist. The peculiarities found enable to suggest that nodular goiter with a quick growth possesses more chances for relapse.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document