scholarly journals Mumps Caused by an Inadequately Attenuated Measles, Mumps and Rubella Vaccine

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
WJ Bakker ◽  
RG Mathias
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Attack Rate ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Separate Region ◽  
Production Problems ◽  
Immunization Campaign

PROBLEM:Reports of mumps following measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) immunization.OBJECTIVE:To determine whether mumps was caused by immunization or whether there was a concurrent epidemic of a wild strain of mumps.DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS:Analysis of surveillance data and a cohort study of three schools that participated in the campaign.OUTCOME MEASURES:Cases of clinical mumps and orchitis, and immunization history and records were reviewed. The MMR vaccine was produced by the Serum Institute of India and contained the Leningrad-Zagreb strain of mumps virus. Four lots were used in the specific immunization campaign.RESULTS:Sentinel health facility surveillance showed an increase in mumps after two school immunization campaigns in western Suriname and a mass immunization campaign in the same region. There was also an increase in a geographically separate region following a mass campaign with the same vaccine. Three hundred fifteen children from three schools that were targeted in the immunization campaign were interviewed. The attack rate for mumps in those immunized was 15.1%; in those not immunized, the attack rate was 4.7%. In the affected males, the attack rate for orchitis was five of 19 (21%). Assuming 90% protection by the MMR vaccine, the incidence ratio (observed to expected) was 32.CONCLUSIONS:The mumps outbreak was caused by an inadequately attenuated MMR vaccine. Because this vaccine had not been used in these populations before in Suriname, it was not possible to determine wether the outbreak was due the virulence of the Leningrad-Zagreb mumps strain or due to production problems with one or more specific lots of vaccine. The vaccine was withdrawn from further use.

scholarly journals Aseptic meningitis in a large MMR vaccine campaign (590,609 people) in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil, 1998

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 301-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Oleschko ARRUDA ◽  
Charles KONDAGESKI
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Virus Identification ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Immunization Campaign

The aseptic meningitis after Measles-Mumps-Rubella vaccine (MMR) is a well recognized complication, and different incidences have been observed in several studies. We retrospectively analyzed forty cases of aseptic meningitis, during a large public immunization campaign (1998) in Curitiba, Southern Brazil (590,609 people), admitted in our Service. The vaccine utilized was Leningrad-3-Zagreb mumps strain, Edmonston-Zagreb measles strain, and RA 27#3 rubella strain. In all county, a total number of 87 cases were reported, resulting in a incidence of 1.7 cases per 10,000 given doses . The mean age was 23.7 ± 12.8 years. The female:male ratio was 1.35:1. Severe headache with meningismus (92.5%), fever (87.5%), nausea/vomiting (82.5%) were the most common clinical findings. Three cases (7.5%) developed mild mumps. All patients underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) tap with the following findings: mononuclear pleocytosis from 100 to 500 cells/mm³ in 17 cases (42.5%; 257.5 ± 260.6 cells/mm³); increased protein 28 cases (67.5%; 92.1 ± 76.9 mg/dL); glucose was normal in all cases (56.8 ± 11.2 mg/dL) except in 4 (10%) cases, which presented less than 44 mg/dL. All serological tests (latex to bacterial meningitis, Cryptococcus, cysticercosis, VDRL) and bacteriological cultures were negative. Virus identification were also negative in 8 samples. None of the patients had neurological deficits or related symptoms after one year of onset. We believe the benefit of vaccination clearly outweights the incidence of benign vaccine-associated meningitis.

scholarly journals Management of an outbreak of meningococcal meningitis in a Sudanese refugee camp in Northern Uganda

2000 ◽  
Vol 124 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SANTANIELLO-NEWTON ◽  
P. R. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Attack Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Meningococcal Vaccine ◽  
High Coverage ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Reception Centre ◽  
Immunization Campaign

We describe an outbreak of meningitis at a Sudanese refugee camp in Northern Uganda that lasted over a year from February 1994. Some 291 cases occurred in a refugee population of 96860 (averaged over the year), an attack rate of 0·30%. The case fatality rate was 13·3%. From a small number of samples taken for culture N. meningitidis serogroup A, serotype 21[ratio ]P1·9, clone III-1 was identified as the causative organism. The outbreak started in the camp's reception centre which had the highest attack rate. Spread from the reception centre was rapid and the epidemic reached its peak within 3 weeks. All of the cases amongst residents of the reception centre reported having had meningococcal vaccine before arriving at the camp and so were not immunized on arrival as would normally have been the case. Some 37547 doses of meningococcal vaccine were used in a mass immunization campaign in February and March 1994. Following this the outbreak was declared over in August 1994 when no cases were registered for 2 consecutive weeks. However, following a massive and sudden influx of refugees a new epidemic peak occurred during February 1995. Many of these new refugees were also not immunized on arrival due to pressures of numbers. A follow-up immunization campaign then brought an end to the outbreak. Our experience confirms the effectiveness of timely and high-coverage immunization campaigns in controlling group A meningitis outbreaks amongst refugees in Africa.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of measles, mumps and rubella vaccine as immunotherapeutic agent for cutaneous viral warts

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 439
Author(s):  
Anupama Devi Wahengbam ◽  
Jeyakumari Jeevan ◽  
Sowmya Dogiparthi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Complete Response ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Immunotherapeutic Agent ◽  
Management Evaluation ◽  
Cutaneous Wart ◽  
Short Narrative ◽  
Cutaneous Warts

<p>Immunotherapy for management of cutaneous wart with measles, mumps and rubella vaccine (MMR) is a promising new modality of management. Evaluation of the same has been done by various studies over the years reporting its effectiveness. A literature search was done using PubMed and google scholar. This short narrative review documents the response rates in various clinical studies done till 2019 which have reported the efficacy of MMR vaccine as an immunotherapeutic agent which ranged from 26-84% graded as complete response which is complete clearance of the treated warts. These studies were performed for evaluating MMR vaccine as single agent or done in comparison with other therapeutic agents. The broad range of responses points to a need of doing further clinical studies which will substantiate the effectiveness of MMR vaccine in the treatment of cutaneous warts.</p>

MMR Vaccine Susceptibility of Viral Agents Causing Meningitis and Meningoencephalitis in Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parisa Rahmani ◽  
Hosein Alimadadi ◽  
Reihaneh Mohsenipour ◽  
Mohammad Roshanghalb
Keyword(s):  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Parotid Swelling ◽  
Post Marketing

Background: Meningitis and meningoencephalitis are very adverse drug reactions that had not been documented in clinical studies. Nevertheless, cases were reported within the post marketing period. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence, clinical and laboratory characteristics of aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis following Hoshino MMR (Mumps-Measles-Rubella) vaccine in children. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, children who were diagnosed with meningitis following MMR vaccine in an infectious or emergency department of the Tehran Medical Center were enrolled, and their demographic information was recorded from the file. A questionnaire concerning diagnostic criteria in favor of aseptic meningitis was provided for each child and the results of clinical examinations were recorded. Results : This study was performed on 73 children with meningitis symptoms of aspiration, where, 46 of the children were males and 27 were females. Prevalence of meningitis-related symptoms were: fever 66%, headache 49.3%, nausea and vomiting 74%, parotid swelling 0%, and meningeal symptoms 37%. Lab tests showed that 8.2% of patients had normal WBC whereas, 76.7% had abnormal levels. Conclusion: Our study showed that following MMR vaccine, in children with meningitis symptoms, nausea and vomiting followed by fever were most commonly seen symptoms.

Measles (Rubeola) and Rubella: (1) Dangers of the Layman's Confusion (2) Mass Measles Immunization

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 978-978
Author(s):  
Norman Lewak
Keyword(s):  
Medical Profession ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Routine Immunization ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Immunization Campaign

The apathy of the public (including the medical profession) in regard to the fact that measles can be a dangerous disease has been a concern of mine for the past few years (Pediatrics, 34:438, 1964). Because of that apathy, a mass immunization campaign never occurred and we had unnecessary morbidity and mortality. Routine immunization is now with us; the incidence of measles has finally declined. But the apathy has continued, and since immunity is far from universal, new epidemics are being forecast.

scholarly journals Mumps: an Update on Outbreaks, Vaccine Efficacy, and Genomic Diversity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene Lam ◽  
Jennifer B. Rosen ◽  
Jane R. Zucker
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vaccination Coverage ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Genomic Diversity ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Mmr Vaccine

SUMMARY Mumps is an acute viral infection characterized by inflammation of the parotid and other salivary glands. Persons with mumps are infectious from 2 days before through 5 days after parotitis onset, and transmission is through respiratory droplets. Despite the success of mumps vaccination programs in the United States and parts of Europe, a recent increase in outbreaks of mumps virus infections among fully vaccinated populations has been reported. Although the effectiveness of the mumps virus component of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine is suboptimal, a range of contributing factors has led to these outbreaks occurring in high-vaccination-coverage settings, including the intensity of exposure, the possibility of vaccine strain mismatch, delayed implementation of control measures due to the timeliness of reporting, a lack of use of appropriate laboratory tests (such as reverse transcription-PCR), and time since last vaccination. The resurgence of mumps virus infections among previously vaccinated individuals over the past decade has prompted discussions about new strategies to mitigate the risk of future outbreaks. The decision to implement a third dose of the MMR vaccine in response to an outbreak should be considered in discussions with local public health agencies. Traditional public health measures, including the isolation of infectious persons, timely contact tracing, and effective communication and awareness education for the public and medical community, should remain key interventions for outbreak control. Maintaining high mumps vaccination coverage remains key to U.S. and global efforts to reduce disease incidence and rates of complications.

scholarly journals Analysis of Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) Titers of Recovered COVID-19 Patients

mBio ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey E. Gold ◽  
William H. Baumgartl ◽  
Ramazan A. Okyay ◽  
Warren E. Licht ◽  
Paul L. Fidel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Mmr Vaccine ◽  
Significant Inverse Correlation ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Severity Levels

ABSTRACT The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine has been theorized to provide protection against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Our aim was to determine whether any MMR IgG titers are inversely correlated with severity in recovered COVID-19 patients previously vaccinated with MMR II. We divided 80 subjects into two groups, comparing MMR titers to recent COVID-19 severity levels. The MMR II group consisted of 50 subjects who would primarily have MMR antibodies from the MMR II vaccine, and a comparison group of 30 subjects consisted of those who would primarily have MMR antibodies from sources other than MMR II, including prior measles, mumps, and/or rubella illnesses. There was a significant inverse correlation (rs = −0.71, P < 0.001) between mumps virus titers (mumps titers) and COVID-19 severity within the MMR II group. There were no significant correlations between mumps titers and severity in the comparison group, between mumps titers and age in the MMR II group, or between severity and measles or rubella titers in either group. Within the MMR II group, mumps titers of 134 to 300 arbitrary units (AU)/ml (n = 8) were found only in those who were functionally immune or asymptomatic; all with mild symptoms had mumps titers below 134 AU/ml (n = 17); all with moderate symptoms had mumps titers below 75 AU/ml (n = 11); all who had been hospitalized and had required oxygen had mumps titers below 32 AU/ml (n = 5). Our results demonstrate that there is a significant inverse correlation between mumps titers from MMR II and COVID-19 severity. IMPORTANCE COVID-19 has presented various paradoxes that, if understood better, may provide clues to controlling the pandemic, even before a COVID-19 vaccine is widely available. First, young children are largely spared from severe disease. Second, numerous countries have COVID-19 death rates that are as low as 1% of the death rates of other countries. Third, many people, despite prolonged close contact with someone who is COVID-19 positive, never test positive themselves. Fourth, nearly half of people who test positive for COVID-19 are asymptomatic. Some researchers have theorized that the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine may be responsible for these disparities. The significance of our study is that it showed that mumps titers related to the MMR II vaccine are significantly and inversely correlated with the severity of COVID-19-related symptoms, supporting the theorized association between the MMR vaccine and COVID-19 severity.

First French Experience of ADR Reporting by Patients After a Mass Immunization Campaign with Influenza A (H1N1) Pandemic Vaccines

Drug Safety ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (10) ◽  
pp. 845-854 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviéve Durrieu ◽  
◽  
Aurore Palmaro ◽  
Laure Pourcel ◽  
Céline Caillet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
H1n1 Pandemic ◽  
Adr Reporting ◽  
French Experience ◽  
Influenza A H1n1 ◽  
Mass Immunization ◽  
Immunization Campaign

scholarly journals How are children who are delayed in the Childhood Vaccination Programme vaccinated: A nationwide register-based cohort study of Danish children aged 15–24 months and semi-structured interviews with vaccination providers

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth B. Pedersen ◽  
Marie E. Holck ◽  
Aksel K.G. Jensen ◽  
Camilla H. Suppli ◽  
Christine S. Benn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Vaccination Programme ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type B ◽  
Type B ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Rubella Vaccine ◽  
Telephone Interviews

Aims: Delay of childhood vaccinations is common and influences efforts to reduce targeted diseases. In Denmark, the diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP-IPV-Hib) vaccine is recommended at ages 3, 5 and 12 months and the first measles–mumps–rubella vaccine (MMR-1) at 15 months. Following guidelines, children delayed at age 15 months should receive MMR-1 and DTaP-IPV-Hib-3 simultaneously, unless DTaP-IPV-Hib-2 was received less than 6 months ago, when MMR-1 alone is recommended. We studied compliance with these guidelines and the reasons for non-compliance with a focus on vaccination providers. Methods: We used a nationwide register-based cohort study of children born in Denmark between January 2000 and June 2013, who were lacking MMR-1 and DTaP-IPV-Hib-3 at age 15 months and were followed to 24 months. We also performed semi-structured telephone interviews with vaccination providers. Results: The study consisted of 156,921 children (18% of the children born in the period). Among the 40,060 children who had received DTaP-IPV-Hib-2 less than 6 months ago, 37,892 (95%) received MMR-1 alone. Among the 88,469 children who had received DTaP-IPV-Hib-2 more than 6 months ago, 6334 (7%) received DTaP-IPV-Hib-3 and MMR-1 simultaneously. The interviews indicated that some vaccination providers are reluctant to give multiple vaccinations at the same visit and some have a preference of following the usual sequence in the programme. Conclusions: Vaccination providers generally complied with the recommended minimum 6 months’ interval between DTaP-IPV-Hib-2 and DTaP-IPV-Hib-3. Conversely, there was a low compliance with the recommendation to administer DTaP-IPV-Hib-3 and MMR-1 simultaneously. More efforts are needed to ensure timely vaccination.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document