scholarly journals Peripheral Mechanisms of Symptom Generation in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (suppl b) ◽  
pp. 14B-16B ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M Collins
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Sensory Physiology ◽  
Somatic Pain ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

There is considerable interest in the mechanisms that underlie symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and particularly those mechanisms peripheral to higher centres in the nervous system. While the central nervous system is important in IBS, it is restricted largely to the role of behaviour in stress perception and symptom reporting. The gut and the autonomic nervous system are principal areas of research in identifying mechanisms underlying symptom generation and in the identification of new targets for drug development. While motility changes occur in IBS, they are neither specific nor predictable, and this is one reason why drugs aimed at influencing motility patterns have enjoyed limited success to date. This success has prompted interest in sensory physiology to explain pain and other discomforts expressed by patients with IBS. Patients with IBS exhibit intolerance to rectal distension and other manoeuvres of the gut, while exhibiting normal or raised thresholds for somatic pain. The mechanisms underlying the development of hyperalgesia or allodynia in the gut remain to be determined. In other systems and experimental models, low grade inflammation is a predicable inducer of these states, and recent evidence suggests that a subpopulation of patients with IBS develop chronic symptoms after acute gastroenteritis. This and other inflammatory stimuli may induce a hyperalgesic state and alter motor function in patients with IBS. Substances that mediate these changes are not fully understood, but there is growing recognition of the role of serotonin as a sensitizing agent.

scholarly journals The role of serotonin and diet in the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushi Bruta ◽  
Vanshika ◽  
Kishnoor Bhasin ◽  
Bhawana
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Indian Diet

AbstractSerotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- a neurotransmitter of both the Enteric Nervous System and the Central Nervous System is synthesized by the hydroxylation of L- tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan.Serotonin has been associated with gut functions like assimilation and absorption, alongside the regulation of particle transport and fluid discharge in the gastrointestinal tract and its deficiency is found to be a prominent factor in the prevalence of gut disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome.For this review, we assessed the conventional treatment methods of common drugs, with the recently accredited treatment options like dietary regulation, exercise, meditation, and acupuncture. Having found that the most commonly used drugs exhibited various side effects like nausea, fatigue, rash, and dizziness, an in-depth evaluation of different Indian dietary patterns and their respective effects on tryptophan levels has been highlighted to formulate an ideal diet for patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). This review seeks to explore the numerous studies conducted to link IBS with the lack of serotonin production in the body, alongside exploring the evidence associating certain foods with raised tryptophan levels to hypothesize a suitable Indian diet.This review, in its essence, stresses the crucial need for further research on the dietary implications of common Indian foods and their FODMAP (Fermented Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols) contents, while underscoring the benefits of using unconventional and natural methods for the treatment of tryptophan-related gut disorders.

scholarly journals Morphological manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Stepanov ◽  
I.Ya. Budzak ◽  
Yu.A. Gaidar
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intercellular Contacts ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The article presents modern data on morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. There were analyzed the studies of different years on the morphological manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome. It has been shown that this pathology has an unusual low-grade inflammation. Mast cells play an important role in these inflammatory disorders, they have an effect on motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity and other pathogenetic factors of irritable bowel syndrome. Disorders of intercellular tight junctions in this category of patients were also analyzed. The role of proteins involved in intercellular contacts (occludin, claudin, ZO) has been characterized. An analysis of the studies investigating these disorders has been carried out. The article provides examples of the analysis of biopsies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome using various methods of their assessment.

scholarly journals Potential neuro-immune therapeutic targets in irritable bowel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 175628482091063
Author(s):  
Maite Casado-Bedmar ◽  
Åsa V. Keita
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Enteric Nervous System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder characterized by recurring abdominal pain and disturbed bowel habits. The aetiology of IBS is unknown but there is evidence that genetic, environmental and immunological factors together contribute to the development of the disease. Current treatment of IBS includes lifestyle and dietary interventions, laxatives or antimotility drugs, probiotics, antispasmodics and antidepressant medication. The gut–brain axis comprises the central nervous system, the hypothalamic pituitary axis, the autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system. Within the intestinal mucosa there are close connections between immune cells and nerve fibres of the enteric nervous system, and signalling between, for example, mast cells and nerves has shown to be of great importance during GI disorders such as IBS. Communication between the gut and the brain is most importantly routed via the vagus nerve, where signals are transmitted by neuropeptides. It is evident that IBS is a disease of a gut–brain axis dysregulation, involving altered signalling between immune cells and neurotransmitters. In this review, we analyse the most novel and distinct neuro-immune interactions within the IBS mucosa in association with already existing and potential therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanisms of Microbiota-Mediated Pathology in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8664
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Mishima ◽  
Shunji Ishihara
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Neuroendocrine Factors

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most prevalent functional gastrointestinal disorders, and accumulating evidence gained in both preclinical and clinical studies indicate the involvement of enteric microbiota in its pathogenesis. Gut resident microbiota appear to influence brain activity through the enteric nervous system, while their composition and function are affected by the central nervous system. Based on these results, the term “brain–gut–microbiome axis” has been proposed and enteric microbiota have become a potential therapeutic target in IBS cases. However, details regarding the microbe-related pathophysiology of IBS remain elusive. This review summarizes the existing knowledge of molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of IBS as well as recent progress related to microbiome-derived neurotransmitters, compounds, metabolites, neuroendocrine factors, and enzymes.

scholarly journals Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Relieve the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wollny ◽  
Tamara Daniluk ◽  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Urszula Wnorowska ◽  
Anna Bukłaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Population ◽  
Functional Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Functional Responsiveness

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic, functional disorder with a large impact on world population. Its pathophysiology is not completely revealed; however, it is certain that dysregulation of the bidirectional communications between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut leads to motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, and altered CNS processing characterized by differences in brain structure, connectivity and functional responsiveness. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota exerts a marked influence on the host during health and disease. Gut microbiome disturbances can be also important for development of IBS symptoms and its modulation efficiently contributes to the therapy. In this work, we review the current knowledge about the IBS therapy, the role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of IBS, and we discuss that its targeting may have significant impact on the effectiveness of IBS therapy.

scholarly journals Experimental Models of Irritable Bowel Syndrome and the Role of the Enteric Neurotransmission

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Giuliana Vannucchi ◽  
Stefano Evangelista
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Maternal Separation ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Cellular Mechanisms ◽  
Neonatal Maternal Separation ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases in humans. It is characterized by visceral pain and/or discomfort, hypersensitivity and abnormal motor responses along with change in gut habits. Although the etio-pathogenesis of IBS is only partially understood, a main role has been attributed to psychosocial stress of different origin. Animals models such as neonatal maternal separation, water avoidance stress and wrap restraint stress have been developed as psychosocial stressors in the attempt to reproduce the IBS symptomatology and identify the cellular mechanisms responsible for the disease. The study of these models has led to the production of drugs potentially useful for IBS treatment. This review intends to give an overview on the results obtained with the animal models; to emphasize the role of the enteric nervous system in IBS appearance and evolution and as a possible target of drug therapies.

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