scholarly journals A Question of Honor(aria)

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Professional Education ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

Honorarium: fee, especially for professional services normally rendered without payment (Oxford English Dictionary)One of the main activities of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) is the organizing of professional education events, and the largest of these events is Canadian Digestive Diseases Week (CDDW). The CDDW is organized by members of the CAG for members of the CAG. The funds needed to run this meeting are generated from a number of sources - membership dues, sponsorship from pharmaceutical companies, sale of exhibit space, etc. These funds are used to pay for the convention facilities, for the audiovisual services, for the coffee breaks and lunches, and for the cost of bringing to our meetings the many experts who are on the program.

scholarly journals The Canadian Association of Gastroenterology Education Committee Report

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 631-637
Author(s):  
Ronald J Bridges
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Basic Science ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Digestive Diseases ◽  
Education Committee ◽  
Canadian Association ◽  
A Priority ◽  
Cag A

I am pleased to provide an update regarding the activities and future directions of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG) Education Committee. The mandate of the CAG Education Committee is to facilitate, develop and promote excellence as it pertains to educational initiatives for the Canadian gastroenterology community. Professional education has long remained a priority of the CAG - a fact well recognized by the membership. The 2002 CAG Strategic Planning Survey showed that members rate Canadian Digestive Diseases Week (CDDW) as the most important CAG service, on par with Digestive Diseases Week regarding its usefulness (1). CDDW 2004 offered delegates a variety of basic science and clinical symposia, the popular and well received 'Breakfast with the Expert' sessions and a comprehensive Postgraduate Course reviewing key developments in gastroenterology, nutrition and hepatology.

Glembotskaya G.T., Eremin S.Yu. Scientific and practical approach to optimizing costs on development and promotion of drugs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Галина Глембоцкая ◽  
Galina Glembockaya ◽  
Станислав Еремин ◽  
Stanislav Eremin
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Pharmacological Action ◽  
Pharmaceutical Market ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Registration Phase

In order to identify promising strategic development possibilities for the pharmaceutical industry in the Russian Federation, a pilot study was conducted, which has analyzed the main trends in the development of innovative medicines. As a result of the content analysis of available sources of scientific literature, the characteristics of options used in the world practice for increasing the innovative activity of individual subjects and the pharmaceutical market as a whole are presented. Possible reserves for the further development of the innovative component of the pharmaceutical market within the framework of the concept of personalized medicine according to the P4 principle (predictive - personalized - preventive - participatory) are identified and structured. The results of use by individual pharmaceutical companies of scientifically and practically justified approaches to optimizing the costs of development and promoting drugs are presented. The advantages and real prospects of a generally accepted method to reduce the cost of development by «expanding the pharmacological effect» (label expansion) of already existing drugs with a known safety profile in the world practice are shown. A scientific generalization and structuring of the goals and results of the post-registration phase of clinical trials to expand the pharmacological action of a number of drugs already existed at the market have been carried out.

Letter to the Editor

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-152
Author(s):  
Caroline Breese Hall ◽  
Harold S. Margolis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Clinton Administration ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
Letter To The Editor ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

We appreciate the concerned letter of Dr Jacobs and his thoughtful questions arising both from his knowledge of the recommendations and public health issues, as well as those of private practice. The cost of vaccines is an issue with which we must all be concerned. By highlighting the importance of childhood immunization the Clinton administration has engendered interest and, thus, optimism that efforts toward reducing the cost will be successful. However, we should remember that the many excellent studies that have analyzed the reasons why children are not being vaccinated have shown that cost is not the major factor, but access, difficulties, and obstacles, real and perceived, to obtaining immunizations are.

Physicians' Interactions with Pharmaceutical Companies

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-282
Author(s):  
LEWIS H. MARGOLIS
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Cost Of Care ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
The Cost

In Reply.— In my essay1 I suggested that the acceptance of gifts from pharmaceutical companies violates a duty of justice because gifts represent resources inappropriately taken from patients through the added costs of the drugs that they buy. Dr Procopio raises the larger question of how other types of promotional activities increase the cost of drugs in particular and medical care in general. His letter makes clear, however, that the contribution of an activity such as the distribution of samples to the cost of care is difficult to determine because several different purposes are served.

scholarly journals En[dj]uring [ʧ]unes or ma[tj]ure [ʤ]ukes? Yod-coalescence and yod-dropping in the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 493-526
Author(s):  
JOAN C. BEAL ◽  
RANJAN SEN ◽  
NURIA YÁÑEZ-BOUZA ◽  
CHRISTINE WALLIS
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Oxford English Dictionary ◽  
British English ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Social Motivations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Historical Variation ◽  
Late Modern ◽  
Insight Into

Yod-coalescence involving alveolar consonants before Late Modern English /uː/ from earlier /iu > juː/ is still variable and diffusing in Present-day English. For example, the Oxford English Dictionary (OED) gives both (/tj dj/) and (/ʧ ʤ/) British English pronunciations for tune (/tjuːn/, /tʃuːn/), mature (/mǝˈtjʊǝ/, /mǝˈʧʊǝ/), duke (/djuːk/, /dʒuːk/) and endure (/ᵻnˈdjʊə/, /ɛnˈdjʊə/, /ᵻnˈdʒʊə/, /ɛnˈdʒʊə/, /ᵻnˈdjɔː/, /ɛnˈdjɔː/, /ᵻnˈdʒɔː/, /ɛnˈdʒɔː/). Extensive variability in yod-coalescence and yod-dropping is not recent in origin, and we can already detect relevant patterns in the eighteenth century from the evidence of a range of pronouncing dictionaries. Beal (1996, 1999) notes a tendency for northern English and Scottish authors to be more conservative with regard to yod-coalescence. She concludes that we require ‘a comprehensive survey of the many pronouncing dictionaries and other works on pronunciation’ (1996: 379) to gain more insight into the historical variation patterns underlying Present-day English.This article presents some results from such a ‘comprehensive survey’: the Eighteenth-Century English Phonology Database (ECEP). Transcriptions of all relevant words located are compared across a range of eighteenth-century sources in order to determine the chronology of yod-coalescence and yod-dropping as well as internal (e.g. stress, phoneme type, presence of a following /r/) and external (e.g. prescriptive, geographical, social) motivations for these developments.

scholarly journals Gender and Age as Determinants of Expected Rate of Return on Human Capital

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 30-50
Author(s):  
Bartosz Kurek ◽  
◽  
Ireneusz Górowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Professional Education ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Expectations Gap ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Salary Expectations ◽  
The Cost

Purpose: The aim of the article is to examine the selected determinants of the expected rate of return on human capital. Methodology: We conducted an anonymous survey of expected salaries among the Accounting and Controlling students at the Cracow University of Economics, which provided a unique setting for the analysis. On the basis of collected data for the cost of living and the cost of professional education for every participant, we used the human capital model developed by Dobija to compute the perceived level of the human capital of each individual. Then, we compared the expected salaries with the perceived levels of human capital and computed expected rates of return on human capital. The following research methods are used: literature review, statistical tests, econometric modeling. Findings: On the sample of 754 respondents, we found that male students expect a higher rate of return on their human capital than female students, while older students expect a lower rate of return on human capital than younger students. Research limitations: Only one field of study was used to measure the determinants of the expected rate of return on human capital. Originality: We contribute to the salary expectations and human capital literature by identifying a significant gender salary expectations gap that holds even after considering individually assessed costs of living and professional education. Our findings are consistent with the well-known observation that women tend to expect lower salaries than men.

scholarly journals Behnke_Armbruster_Strobel - The needs of the many - Influence of personality on third-party judgments of utilitarian rule violations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Behnke ◽  
Diana Armbruster ◽  
Anja Strobel
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Minority Rights ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Online Study ◽  
The Third ◽  
Moral Decisions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Personality Features ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Sense Of Justice

Safeguarding the rights of minorities is crucial for just societies. However, there are conceivable situations were minority rights might seriously impede the rights of the majority. Favoring the minority in such cases constitutes a violation of utilitarian principles. To investigate the emotional, cognitive, and punitive responses of observers of such utilitarian rule transgressions, we conducted an online study with 1004 participants. Two moral scenarios (vaccine policy and epidemic) were rephrased in the third-party perspective. In both scenarios the protagonist opted against the utilitarian option which resulted in more fatalities in total, but avoided harm to a minority. The scenarios varied in whether the minority would have been harmed accidentally or deliberate. The majority of participants chose not to punish the scenarios’ protagonists at all. However, 30.5% judged that protecting the minority over the interests of the majority when only accidental harm would have occurred (vaccine policy) was worthy of punishment. In comparison, only 11.5% opted to punish a protagonist whose decision avoided deliberate harm to a minority at the cost of the majority (epidemic). Emotional responses and appropriateness ratings paralleled these results. Furthermore, complex personality × situation interactions revealed the influence of personality features, i.e., psychopathy, empathy, altruism, authoritarianism, need for cognition and faith in intuition, on participants’ responses. The results further underscore the need to consider the interaction of situational features and inter-individual differences in moral decisions and sense of justice.

scholarly journals SURVEY TECHNIQUES/PROCEDURES AND DATA PROCESSING FOR MONITORING NEARSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (18) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
J. Zacks
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Surf Zone ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bed Elevation ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Survey Error ◽  
Nearshore Sediment Transport ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

The cost of many coastal projects is often increased by the expensive beach repair and maintenance required to remedy the destabilising effects of structures on the adjoining coastline. Physical and/or mathematical models have been developed for use in planning these projects in order to predict and quantify the effects of marine sediment transport on the coastal topography. Such models need to be calibrated against prototype data and one method of gauging volumetric sediment movement is by successive bathymetric/ topographic profiting surveys which are performed seasonally and annually. Since large quantities of sediment are related to small changes in bed elevation it is clear that this profiling needs to be done with the utmost precision* The areas most affected extend from the beach through the surf zone to water depths of about 25 metres. The surf zone in particular is a dynamic and hostile area which falls outside the traditional activities of both the hydrographic and land surveyors. Consequently innovative methods, deficient in sound survey principle and practice, have often been pursued in this area without any attempt being made to assess the tolerance on the data. This paper attempts to show that it is possible to produce reliable and verifiable results to the required accuracy by using conventional survey equipment and techniques, also by taking the necessary precautions against the many possible sources of survey error. The procedures and techniques described have evolved from NRIO's involvement over the past decade in major projects at Richards Bay, Durban, Koeberg and in False Bay. The results of a recent verification investigation are fully reported in this paper.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Cost Components in Select Pharmaceutical Companies

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 2289-2298
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Manufacturing Costs ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Components

The purpose in this paper is to identify the cost components which are vital in consideration towards manufacturing especially in pharmaceutical companies. The manufacturing costs are significant in total expenses in pharmaceutical industry. In this study, a thorough investigation on the cost components and the trend in expenses and operating profit of pharma companies are studied, giving due regard to cost components to have understanding and to find out how they may differ among various types of pharma companies. The data published in the annual reports from 2009 to 2018 of top five pharmaceutical companies based on their annual revenues has been selected for further diagnosis. The analysis reveals that manufacturing costs are different for all the five companies. The study also reveals that there is a considerable indication that the companies are conscious on the much-needed health benefits to the society in the future at an affordable cost

scholarly journals Monoclonal Antibody Therapy and Long-term Outcomes in Multiple Sclerosis – The Challenge of Treatment Optimisation

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Antonio Scalfari ◽  
Paolo A Muraro ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Antibody Therapy ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Therapeutic Landscape ◽  
Treatment Optimisation ◽  
Frequent Administration ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity ◽  
The Many ◽  
The Cost

The therapeutic landscape of multiple sclerosis (MS) has been transformed by the advent of several new monoclonal antibody (MAb) therapies that can potentially lead to full stabilisation of detectable disease activity. Natalizumab, alemtuzumab and ocrelizumab are currently licensed MAbs for the treatment of MS. Daclizumab was licensed for the treatment of MS, although it has been recently withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer. Most patients are initially managed with first-line treatments, and, if disease breakthrough occurs, are escalated to a stronger compound, yet the available evidence indicates an early window of therapeutic opportunity for MAbs to exert most of their efficacy. It is important to balance the superior efficacy of MAbs compared with injectable treatments against more serious side effects, although these are well recognised and can be monitored where indicated and treated. In particular, the risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy with natalizumab can be managed by screening potential patients for the John Cunningham virus. The MAbs also have the benefit of convenience to patients compared with daily or weekly treatments since they are given via less frequent administration. The cost of these treatments, compared with other therapies, may be an important issue in many countries where healthcare budgets are under pressure. The complex decision of choosing the best treatment for an individual should be made jointly between the doctor and the patient after careful consideration of the many factors to be weighed.

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