scholarly journals Burden of Chickenpox on Families: A Study in Quebec

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe De Wals ◽  
Manon Blackburn ◽  
Maryse Guay ◽  
Gina Bravo ◽  
Danièle Blanchette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Childhood Immunization ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
Absence From Work ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Time Away

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the nonhospital costs of treating chickenpox and to ascertain the opinion of parents regarding the usefulness of vaccination. DESIGN: Retrospective postal survey.SETTING:Province of Quebec.PARTICIPANTS:Random sample of 3333 families with children aged six months to 12 years.OUTCOME MEASURES:For cases of chickenpox that occurred between September 1, 1997 and August 31, 1998, the use of health services, time away from school or work, patient care required, direct and indirect costs for the families and the health care system, and the opinion of parents regarding chickenpox and the vaccine were evaluated.RESULTS:The response rate was 64.7%, and 18.8% of households reported a history of chickenpox, a total of 693 cases. A physician was consulted in 45.8% of these cases, and medication was used in 91.7%. The frequency of hospitalizations was 0.6%. Time away from work or school caused by the disease was 4.1 days on average, with 46.5% of absences being attributed to the risk of contagion. The total average cost of a case of chickenpox was $225. Direct expenses for households accounted for 11% of the total cost, public sector direct costs 7%, indirect costs related to absence from work 38% and caregiving time 45%. A majority of parents (70%) were in favour of a systematic childhood immunization program.CONCLUSIONS:Chickenpox without complications is disruptive for families, but the direct costs for families and the public sector are relatively small.

Zac Bercy Front du Parc: un lungo ed efficace processo di riqualificazione urbana

TERRITORIO ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 130-138
Author(s):  
Viviana di Martino
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Transformation ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Entire Process ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One

- An important urban transformation was achieved in Paris with the redevelopment of the Bercy quarter. It was characterised by farsightedness and an ability to monitor and manage on the part of the public sector operators who guided the entire operation. While on the one hand the Bercy case presents a series of ‘extraordinary' elements deriving from the particular history of the site, the continuity with which the municipal administration moved forward with its strategic decisions, its capacity to frame those strategies in a broader and more complex context and the ways in which the entire process was implemented certainly constitute important factors on which to reflect in the framework of a more general discussion on the effectiveness and potentials of large urban projects. This paper looks at the main stages of the transformation starting with the framing of the operation within the provisions of the main urban planning instruments and it seeks to highlight the most significant aspects of the intervention with a particular focus on the outcomes of the project implemented.

scholarly journals Cost of schizophrenia: direct costs and use of resources in the State of São Paulo

2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Jales Leitão ◽  
Marcos Bosi Ferraz ◽  
Ana Cristina Chaves ◽  
Jair J Mari
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Total Direct Cost ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
The Public

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct costs of schizophrenia for the public sector. METHODS: A study was carried out in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, during 1998. Data from the medical literature and governmental research bodies were gathered for estimating the total number of schizophrenia patients covered by the Brazilian Unified Health System. A decision tree was built based on an estimated distribution of patients under different types of psychiatric care. Medical charts from public hospitals and outpatient services were used to estimate the resources used over a one-year period. Direct costs were calculated by attributing monetary values for each resource used. RESULTS: Of all patients, 81.5% were covered by the public sector and distributed as follows: 6.0% in psychiatric hospital admissions, 23.0% in outpatient care, and 71.0% without regular treatment. The total direct cost of schizophrenia was US$191,781,327 (2.2% of the total health care expenditure in the state). Of this total, 11.0% was spent on outpatient care and 79.2% went for inpatient care. CONCLUSIONS: Most schizophrenia patients in the state of São Paulo receive no regular treatment. The study findings point out to the importance of investing in research aimed at improving the resource allocation for the treatment of mental disorders in Brazil.

scholarly journals Venezuelan Higher Education: The Chavez Revolution

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Levy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

Hugo Chavez's clash with Venezuelan higher education is a vivid present-day example of a history of confrontation between leftist, populist regimes and higher education in Latin America. Chavez has transformed the public sector through creation and expansion of new universities. Chavez's policies have alienated the country's private institutions of higher education. Both public and private universities are reduced in importance.

A Framework for considering the Contracting Out of Government Services

1992 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley C. Wisniewski
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Direct Costs ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
The Public ◽  
Benefit Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Framework

This article analyzes the contracting out decision. It assumes that the decision to assign responsibility to local government for providing a particular service to the public has already been made, and that a rationale for making that decision has been articulated, usually in the form of a legislative mandate. Therefore, the issue that remains for local government is how best to effectuate this mandate. This article offers a critical evaluation of various approaches to analyzing the contracting out decision and provides a comprehensive framework for undertaking such analyses. Adherence to the framework requires an ambiguous, comprehensive statement of service goals followed by an economic cost-benefit evaluation that takes into account all direct costs, as well as indirect costs and social costs, in order to properly ascertain whether there is any advantage to contracting out as compared to performing the work in-house.

scholarly journals Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association: The American Labor Relations System in Jeopardy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann C. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Union Security ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Labor

The petitioners in Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association seek to overturn longstanding law relating to union security in the public sector. A decision in favor of the petitioners will invalidate provisions in thousands of collective bargaining agreements covering millions of workers. Additionally, it has the potential to upend the labor relations system in the United States. To understand how this might be the case, this Issue Brief will review the history of union security and the Supreme Court decisions that upheld union security agreements in the public sector. The Issue Brief will then look at the Friedrichs case itself, engaging in an analysis of the case which concludes that the Court should reach the same result as in prior cases.

scholarly journals Do NPM Strategies Lead to Negative Organizational Behavior? Lessons from the Differential Effects of Contracting Out on Voluntary Turnover

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-389
Author(s):  
Gyeo Reh Lee
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Organizational Behavior ◽  
Public Management ◽  
New Public Management ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Voluntary Turnover ◽  
Contracting Out ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Workforce ◽  
The Relationship

While public sector organizations have increasingly utilized New Public Management (NPM) strategies as a means of increasing the values of the market, a growing body of literature suggests that market-based reforms may generate indirect costs associated with negative organizational behaviors in the public sector. Focusing on probable consequences of government contracting out for the public workforce, this study examines the relationship between contracting out and voluntary turnover relying on a panel data of U.S. federal agencies from 2010 to 2017. The results present that contracting activity is associated with voluntary quits in the opposite direction depending on the level of job satisfaction. This finding disentangles the previous discussion on the relationship between NPM strategies and employee behavior.

scholarly journals Neoliberal failures and the managerial takeover of governance

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Sahil Jai Dutta ◽  
Samuel Knafo ◽  
Ian Alexander Lovering
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Managed Competition ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Public Sector Reforms ◽  
Early Failures ◽  
History Of ◽  
Postwar Planning ◽  
Fiscal Prudence

Abstract The history of neoliberalism is a messy attempt to turn theory into practice. Neoliberals struggled with their plans to implement flagship policies of monetarism, fiscal prudence, and public sector privatisation. Yet, inflation was still cut, welfare slashed, and the public sector ‘marketised’. Existing literature often interprets this as neoliberalism ‘failing-forward’, achieving policy goals by whatever means necessary and at great social cost. Often overlooked in this narrative is how far actually existing neoliberalism strayed from the original designs of public choice theorists and neoliberal ideologues. By examining the history of the Thatcher government's public sector reforms, we demonstrate how neoliberal plans for marketisation ran aground, forcing neoliberal governments to turn to an approach of Managed Competition that owed more to practices of postwar planning born in Cold War US than neoliberal theory. Rather than impose a market-like transformation of the public sector, Managed Competition systematically empowered top managers and turned governance into a managerial process; two developments that ran directly against core precepts of neoliberalism. The history of these early failures and adjustments provides vital insights into the politics of managerial governance in the neoliberal era.

Caste Primacy of Auditor Choice and Independence

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 2050017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Dayanandan ◽  
Han Donker ◽  
John Nofsinger ◽  
Rashmi Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Boards Of Directors ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Corporate Boards ◽  
Quota System ◽  
Auditor Choice ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of

We examine the caste affiliation of the auditor selected by the corporate boards of directors of Indian firms. The history of the caste system in India is one of discrimination and inequity. The constitutionally mandated quota system in the public sector has shown improvements, but has not trickled into private sector leadership. We find that nearly 96% of Indian corporate boards are dominated by a single caste. The auditing firms are also dominated by the forward castes. Lastly, we find that when boards are dominated by one caste, they select an auditing firm that is also affiliated with that same caste. We examine the board and auditor relationship because they both play an important monitoring role in corporate governance. However, auditor effectiveness can be undermined when there is a lack of independence between them and the firm. The existence of a strong shared social network like caste affiliation compromises that independence.

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