scholarly journals Small Bowel Review - Part II

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABR Thomson ◽  
E Jarocka-Cyrta ◽  
J Faria ◽  
GE Wild
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Gastrointestinal Epithelium

The small bowel has undergone intense study. Part II of this review of the small bowel summarizes the current knowledge about the permeability of the gastrointestinal epithelium; the brush border membrane; motility; carbohydrates; diabetes; ethanol; diet; and diagnostic procedures.

scholarly journals The effect of epidermal growth factor on brush border surface area and function in the distal remnant following resection in the rabbit

Gut ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Hardin ◽  
B Chung ◽  
E V O’Loughlin ◽  
D G Gall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Transport Function ◽  
Epidermal Growth

BackgroundEpidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to increase intestinal absorptive surface area and transport function in normal animals.AimsTo examine the effect of EGF on absorptive surface area and brush border membrane function in a model of massive small bowel resection.MethodsNew Zealand white rabbits were randomised into two groups: a resected group (60% proximal small bowel resection); and an unmanipulated control group. Distal remnant tissue was examined 10 and 21 days postsurgery. In separate experiments oral EGF (40 μg/kg/day) was administered to resected animals from days 3 to 8 and animals were studied on day 10.ResultsTen days postsurgery brush border surface area and total absorptive surface area were significantly increased in remnant tissue while brush border membrane vesicle (BBMV) glucose uptake was significantly decreased compared with controls. By 21 days brush border surface area returned to control levels though BBMV glucose uptake remained depressed. EGF treatment induced a further increase in brush border surface area in remnant intestine but did not alter BBMV glucose uptake.ConclusionsSurgical resection results in significant elevations in absorptive surface area coupled with a decrease in brush border membrane transport function distal to the site of anastomosis. EGF enhances glucose uptake in remnant intestine via recruitment of additional microvillus membrane into the brush border.

Increase of phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase activity in the small bowel brush-border membrane after massive intestinal distal resection in rats

Apmis ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 115 (7) ◽  
pp. 814-819
Author(s):  
VALÉRIA CRISTINA SOARES FURTADO ◽  
VALERIA BENDER BRAULIO ◽  
SÉRGIO ZUCOLOTO ◽  
ANTONIO CARLOS IGLESIAS
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity

scholarly journals Small Bowel Review - Part II

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 607-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
ABR Thomson ◽  
G Wild
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Small Bowel ◽  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Peptide Yy ◽  
Transforming Growth Factors ◽  
Enterocyte Proliferation ◽  
Enteral And Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Made In

Significant advances have been made in the study of the small bowel. Part II of this two-part review of the small bowel examines the early development and later ageing of the small bowel; the effect of diabetes, alcohol, radiation and HIV on the small bowel; enteral and parenteral nutrition; the brush border membrane and enterocyte proliferation; and peptide hormones (including transforming growth factors, motilin, peptide YY and cholecystokinin).

Sodium-dependent D-glucose transport after proximal small intestinal resection in rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 255 (3) ◽  
pp. G292-G297 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Freeman ◽  
S. T. Ellis ◽  
G. A. Johnston ◽  
W. C. Kwan ◽  
G. A. Quamme
Keyword(s):  
Small Bowel ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Bowel Resection ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Small Bowel Resection ◽  
Proximal Small Bowel ◽  
Sodium Dependent ◽  
Small Intestinal

Massive small intestinal resection results in both structural and functional changes in the residual small bowel. Sodium-dependent D-glucose transport was examined in brush-border membrane vesicles derived from the terminal 20-30 cm of ileal mucosa of male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 and 6 wk after 66% proximal jejunoileal resection or jejunoileal transection. Kinetic characteristics for sodium-dependent D-glucose transport were investigated with rapid filtration under conditions of a zero-trans, 100 mM cis-NaSCN gradient. Mucosal weight, protein, and DNA content were increased in the residual terminal intestinal segment compared with transected controls, whereas morphometric studies revealed increased villus and crypt heights as well as an increased mitotic index. Mean kinetic transport parameters at 6 wk after proximal small bowel resection revealed two saturable systems in the distal residual ileum: first, a low-affinity, high-capacity system with a Km of 0.19 +/- 0.03 mM and a Vmax of 0.48 +/- 0.04 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1; and second, a high-affinity, low-capacity system with a Km of 0.009 +/- 0.001 mM and a Vmax of 0.105 +/- 0.016 nmol.mg protein-1.min-1. In contrast, negligible sodium-dependent D-glucose transport was detected in the most distal ileum in control animals or animals 2 wk after resection or 2 and 6 wk after transection. Thus adaptational changes including mucosal hyperplasia and the appearance of two sodium-dependent D-glucose brush-border membrane vesicle transport systems occur in the residual distal intestine after massive proximal small bowel resection.

Low-affinity transport of pyroglutamyl-histidine in renal brush-border membrane vesicles

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (5) ◽  
pp. C971-C975 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Skopicki ◽  
K. Fisher ◽  
D. Zikos ◽  
G. Flouret ◽  
D. R. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Brush Border Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Proximal Tubular Cells ◽  
Tubular Cells ◽  
Luminal Membrane ◽  
Renal Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Proximal Tubular ◽  
Renal Brush Border

These studies were performed to determine if a low-affinity carrier is present in the luminal membrane of proximal tubular cells for the transport of the dipeptide, pyroglutamyl-histidine (pGlu-His). We have previously described the existence of a specific, high-affinity, low-capacity [transport constant (Kt) = 9.3 X 10(-8) M, Vmax = 6.1 X 10(-12) mol.mg-1.min-1] carrier for pGlu-His in renal brush-border membrane vesicles. In the present study, we sought to demonstrate that multiple carriers exist for the transport of a single dipeptide by determining whether a low-affinity carrier also exists for the uptake of pGlu-His. Transport of pGlu-His into brush-border membrane vesicles was saturable over the concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-3) M, yielding a Kt of 6.3 X 10(-5) M and a Vmax of 2.2 X 10(-10) mol.mg-1.min-1. Uptake was inhibited by the dipeptides glycyl-proline, glycyl-sarcosine, and carnosine but not by the tripeptide pyroglutamyl-histidyl-prolinamide. We conclude that 1) pGlu-His is transported across the luminal membrane of the proximal tubule by multiple carriers and 2) the lower affinity carrier, unlike the higher affinity carrier, is nonspecific with respect to other dipeptides.

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