scholarly journals The Threat of the Emergence of Antimicrobial-Resistant Gram-Positive Pathogens in Canada

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (suppl c) ◽  
pp. 9C-14C ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald E Low ◽  
Barbara M Willey ◽  
Allison J McGeer
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Resistance ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Since the early 1980s, much attention has been focused on the emergence or resistance in nosocomially acquired Gram-negative pathogens. However, in the 1990s we are witnessing in North America the development and spread or multiple resistance in Gram-positive pathogens in the hospital selling as well as in the community. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci are now endemic in many urban centres in the United States, although less so in Canada. In some states, penicillin -resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the community selling has gone from rates of less than 5% in 1988 to 50% in 1994, including: resistance to third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Although these same pathogens have now been identified in Canada, we may still be in a position to limit or prevent their spread.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of the Rx-01 Oxazolidinones against Hospital and Community Pathogens

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 1653-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lawrence ◽  
Paul Danese ◽  
Joe DeVito ◽  
Francois Franceschi ◽  
Joyce Sutcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

ABSTRACT Rx-01_423 and Rx-01_667 are two members of the family of oxazolidinones that were designed using a combination of computational and medicinal chemistry and conventional biological techniques. The compounds have a two- to eightfold-improved potency over linezolid against serious gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), multidrug-resistant streptococci, and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. This enhanced potency extends to the coverage of linezolid-resistant gram-positive microbes, especially multidrug-resistant enterococci and pneumococci. Compounds from this series expand the spectrum compared with linezolid to include fastidious gram-negative organisms like Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis. Like linezolid, the Rx-01 compounds are bacteriostatic against MRSA and enterococci but are generally bactericidal against S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae.

Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrophotometry: An Ecofriendly Method for the Analysis of Injectable Daptomycin

2017 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 1569-1576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliane Gandolpho Tótoli ◽  
Hérida Regina Nunes Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Ir Spectrophotometry ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Ftir Spectrophotometry ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Daptomycin (DPT) is an important antimicrobial agent used in clinical practice because it is very active against several types of medicinally challengingGram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococci. In addition to concerns about the quality of the analytical methods used in the QC of drugs, there is also concern about the impact of these methods on the environment. The trend toward sustainable consumption is increasingly evident and has forced the pharmaceutical industry to reduce the generation of toxic waste. Inthis context, IR spectrophotometry stands out because it does not use organic solvents and, although it is formally accepted for the identification of individual compounds, also allows the quantification of substances. Therefore, the aim of this work was to develop and validate a green analytical method for theanalysis of DPT in a lyophilized powder for injection by FTIR spectrophotometry. The method involved absorbance measurements in the spectral region of 1700–1600 cm−1. The method was properly validated and found to be linear, precise, accurate, selective, and robust for the concentrationrange between 0.2 and 0.6 mg/150 mg. The validated method was able to quantify DPT powder for injection and can be used as an environmentally friendly alternative for routine analysis in QC.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of DA-7867, a New Oxazolidinone, against Aerobic Gram-Positive Bacteria

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2498-2500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Jeong Yoon ◽  
Yeong Woo Jo ◽  
Sung Hak Choi ◽  
Tae Ho Lee ◽  
Jae Keol Rhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Infection Models ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

ABSTRACT In vitro and in vivo activities of DA-7867 were assessed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, and penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. All isolates were inhibited by DA-7867 at ≤0.78 μg/ml, a four-times-lower concentration than that of inhibition by linezolid. For murine infection models, DA-7867 also exhibited greater efficacy than linezolid against all isolates tested.

Activity of Oritavancin Against Gram-positive Pathogens Causing Bloodstream Infections in the United States Over 10 Years: Focus on Drug-Resistant Enterococcal Subsets (2010-2019)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia G. Carvalhaes ◽  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Jennifer M. Streit ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Rodrigo E. Mendes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecium ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
The United States ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Over Time

Oritavancin displayed potent and stable activity (MIC 90 range, 0.06-0.5 mg/L) over time (2010-2019) against Gram-positive pathogens causing bloodstream infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and resistant subsets of Enterococcus spp. Daptomycin and linezolid were also active against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus . Only oritavancin and linezolid remained active against Enterococcus faecium isolates displaying an elevated daptomycin MIC (i.e., 2-4 mg/L). Proportions of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus within the respective S. aureus and enterococcal populations decreased over this period.

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