scholarly journals Learning to Air-Breathe: The First Steps

Physiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bayley ◽  
Christian Damsgaard ◽  
Mikkel Thomsen ◽  
Hans Malte ◽  
Tobias Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bony Fish ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Control Of Ventilation ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Acid Base Status

Air-breathing in vertebrates has evolved many times among the bony fish while in water. Its appearance has had a fundamental impact on the regulation of ventilation and acid-base status. We review the physico-chemical constraints imposed by water and air, place the extant air-breathing fish into this framework, and show how that the advantages of combining control of ventilation and acid-base status are only available to the most obligate of air-breathing fish, thus highlighting promising avenues for research.

The Effects of Hypercapnia on the Arterial Acid-Base Status in the Tegu Lizard, Tupinambis Nigropunctatus

1986 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
M. L. GLASS ◽  
N. HEISLER
Keyword(s):  
Initial Increase ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Air Breathing ◽  
Typical Response ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Tegu Lizard

The effects of hypercapnia on the arterial acid-base status of the Tegu lizard, Tupinambis nigropunctatus (Spix), were studied at 25°C. Arterial PCOCO2 increased over the first 2 h of hypercapnia causing a fall in arterial plasma pH (pHa) of about 0.17 units with ≈4% CO2 and about 0.3 units with ≈7% CO2. In both conditions, plasma pH increased slightly (≈0.02units) between 2 and 72 h. Plasma [HCO3−] rose during the initial increase of PaCOCO2 (by approx. 5.5 mmol with ≈7% CO2; approx. 1.9 mmoll−1 with ≈4% CO2) during the first 2h, and further increased by 4 mmoll−1 between 2 and 72 h of hypercapnia, while PaCOCO2 did not change. The increases of plasma [HCO3−] resulted in a recovery of pH, by 38 or 32 % (≈4 and ≈7% CO2, respectively) relative to the fall of pH, that would occur at constant [HCO3−]. The limited and incomplete compensation of pHa during environmental hypercapnia is consistent with data for other air-breathing ectothermic vertebrates, and contrasts with the typical response of water-breathing fish, in which compensation is usually complete. Note:

To Manage Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis by "Double-Y Pyloromyotomy" is a better Surgical Approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Md. Ansar Ali ◽  
Kaniz Hasina ◽  
Shahnoor Islam ◽  
Md. Ashraf Ul Huq ◽  
Md. Mahbub-Ul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Infantile Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis ◽  
Postoperative Vomiting ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Acid Base Status ◽  
Postoperative Feeding

Background: Different treatment modalities and procedures have been tried for the management of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. But surgery remains the mainstay for management of IHPS. Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy was described almost over a hundred years ago and to date remains the surgical technique of choice. An alternative and better technique is the double-Y pyloromyotomy, which offer better results for management of this common condition.Methods: A prospective comparative interventional study of 40 patients with IHPS was carried out over a period of 2 years from July 2008 to July 2010. The patients were divided into 2 equal groups of 20 patients in each. The study was designed that all patients selected for study were optimized preoperatively regarding to hydration, acid-base status and electrolytes imbalance. All surgeries were performed after obtaining informed consent. Standard preoperative preparation and postoperative feeding regimes were used. The patients were operated on an alternate basis, i.e., one patient by Double-Y Pyloromyotomy(DY) and the next by aRamstedt’s Pyloromyotomy (RP). Data on patient demographics, operative time, anesthesia complications, postoperative complications including vomiting and weight gain were collected. Patients were followed up for a period of 3 months postoperatively. Statistical assessments were done by using t test.Results: From July 2008 through July 2010, fourty patients were finally analyzed for this study. Any statistical differences were observed in patient population regarding age, sex, weight at presentation, symptoms and clinical condition including electrolytes imbalance and acid-base status were recorded. Significant differences were found in postoperative vomiting and weight gain. Data of post operative vomiting and weight gain in both groups were collected. Vomiting in double-Y(DY) pyloromyotomy group (1.21 ± 0.45days) vs Ramstedt’s pyloromyotomy (RP) group(3.03 ± 0.37days) p= 0.0001.Weight gain after 1st 10 days DY vs RP is ( 298 ± 57.94 gm vs193±19.8 gm p=0.0014), after 1 month (676.67±149.84 gm vs 466.67 ± 127.71 gm, p=0.0001), after 2months (741.33± 278.74 gm vs 490±80.62 gm, p=0.002) and after 3 months (582±36.01gm vs 453.33±51.64 gm, p=0.0001).No long-term complications were reported and no re-do yloromyotomy was needed.Conclusion: The double-Y pyloromyotomy seems to be a better technique for the surgical management of IHPS. It may offer a better functional outcome in term of postoperative vomiting and weight gain.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jpsb.v1i2.19532

The oxygen- and acid-base status during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass

1988 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivar Gøthgen ◽  
Ole Siggaard-Andersen ◽  
Jens Rasmussen ◽  
Peter Wimberley ◽  
Niels Fogh. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Hypothermic Cardiopulmonary Bypass ◽  
Acid Base Status
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