Role of Adaptation in C. elegans thermotaxis. Focus on “Short-Term Adaptation and Temporal Processing in the Cryophilic Response of Caenorabditis elegans”

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 1874-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Garrity
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Short Term Adaptation

scholarly journals tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (tBHP)-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Embryonic Defects Resemble Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency in C. elegans

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8688
Author(s):  
Hung-Chi Yang ◽  
Hsiang Yu ◽  
Tian-Hsiang Ma ◽  
Wen-Ye Tjong ◽  
Arnold Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
G6pd Deficiency ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Tert Butyl ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Tert Butyl Hydroperoxide ◽  
Calcium Independent Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase

G6PD is required for embryonic development in animals, as severe G6PD deficiency is lethal to mice, zebrafish and nematode. Lipid peroxidation is linked to membrane-associated embryonic defects in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). However, the direct link between lipid peroxidation and embryonic lethality has not been established. The aim of this study was to delineate the role of lipid peroxidation in gspd-1-knockdown (ortholog of g6pd) C. elegans during reproduction. tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) was used as an exogenous inducer. Short-term tBHP administration reduced brood size and enhanced germ cell death in C. elegans. The altered phenotypes caused by tBHP resembled GSPD-1 deficiency in C. elegans. Mechanistically, tBHP-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production and stimulated calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA) activity, leading to disturbed oogenesis and embryogenesis. The current study provides strong evidence to support the notion that enhanced lipid peroxidation in G6PD deficiency promotes death of germ cells and impairs embryogenesis in C. elegans.

scholarly journals Neural Network of Predictive Motor Timing in the Context of Gender Differences

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Filip ◽  
Jan Lošák ◽  
Tomáš Kašpárek ◽  
Jiří Vaníček ◽  
Martin Bareš
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Temporal Processing ◽  
Temporal Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Motor Timing ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fmri Study ◽  
Movement Parameters ◽  
Timing Processes

Time perception is an essential part of our everyday lives, in both the prospective and the retrospective domains. However, our knowledge of temporal processing is mainly limited to the networks responsible for comparing or maintaining specific intervals or frequencies. In the presented fMRI study, we sought to characterize the neural nodes engaged specifically in predictive temporal analysis, the estimation of the future position of an object with varying movement parameters, and the contingent neuroanatomical signature of differences in behavioral performance between genders. The established dominant cerebellar engagement offers novel evidence in favor of a pivotal role of this structure in predictive short-term timing, overshadowing the basal ganglia reported together with the frontal cortex as dominant in retrospective temporal processing in the subsecond spectrum. Furthermore, we discovered lower performance in this task and massively increased cerebellar activity in women compared to men, indicative of strategy differences between the genders. This promotes the view that predictive temporal computing utilizes comparable structures in the retrospective timing processes, but with a definite dominance of the cerebellum.

scholarly journals Genomics of long- and short- term adaptation in maize and teosinte

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lorant ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Maud Tenaillon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Genetic Bases

Maize is an excellent model for the study of plant adaptation. Indeed, post domestication maize quickly adapted to a host of new environments across the globe. And work over the last decade has begun to highlight the role of the wild relatives of maize – the teosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana – as excellent models for dissecting long-term local adaptation. Although human-driven selection associated with maize domestication has been extensively studied, the genetic bases of natural variation is still poorly understood. Here we review studies on the genetic basis of adaptation and plasticity in maize and its wild relatives. We highlight a range of different processes that contribute to adaptation and discuss evidence from natural, cultivated, and experimental populations. From an applied perspective, understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and the contribution of plasticity will provide us with new tools to both better understand and mitigate the effect of climate changes on natural and cultivated populations.

scholarly journals Oleic Acid Protects Caenorhabditis Mothers From Mating-Induced Death and the Cost of Reproduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo S. Choi ◽  
Cheng Shi ◽  
Jasmine Ashraf ◽  
Salman Sohrabi ◽  
Coleen T. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Costs Of Reproduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
The Cost

Reproduction comes at a cost, including accelerated death. Previous studies of the interconnections between reproduction, lifespan, and fat metabolism in C. elegans were predominantly performed in low-reproduction conditions. To understand how increased reproduction affects lifespan and fat metabolism, we examined mated worms; we find that a Δ9 desaturase, FAT-7, is significantly up-regulated. Dietary supplementation of oleic acid (OA), the immediate downstream product of FAT-7 activity, restores fat storage and completely rescues mating-induced death, while other fatty acids cannot. OA-mediated lifespan restoration is also observed in C. elegans mutants suffering increased death from short-term mating, and in mated C. remanei females, indicating a conserved role of oleic acid in post-mating lifespan regulation. Our results suggest that increased reproduction can be uncoupled from the costs of reproduction from somatic longevity regulation if provided with the limiting lipid, oleic acid.

scholarly journals Genomics of long- and short- term adaptation in maize and teosinte

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Lorant ◽  
Jeffrey Ross-Ibarra ◽  
Maud Tenaillon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Variation ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Maize Domestication ◽  
Cultivated Populations ◽  
Genetic Bases

Maize is an excellent model for the study of plant adaptation. Indeed, post domestication maize quickly adapted to a host of new environments across the globe. And work over the last decade has begun to highlight the role of the wild relatives of maize – the teosintes Zea mays ssp. parviglumis and ssp. mexicana – as excellent models for dissecting long-term local adaptation. Although human-driven selection associated with maize domestication has been extensively studied, the genetic bases of natural variation is still poorly understood. Here we review studies on the genetic basis of adaptation and plasticity in maize and its wild relatives. We highlight a range of different processes that contribute to adaptation and discuss evidence from natural, cultivated, and experimental populations. From an applied perspective, understanding the genetic bases of adaptation and the contribution of plasticity will provide us with new tools to both better understand and mitigate the effect of climate changes on natural and cultivated populations.

scholarly journals Oleic acid protects Caenorhabditis mothers from mating-induced death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo S. Choi ◽  
Cheng Shi ◽  
Coleen T. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fat Metabolism ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Cost Of Reproduction ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Δ9 Desaturase ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Lifespan Regulation

AbstractReproduction comes at a cost, including death. Previous studies of the interconnections between reproduction, lifespan, and fat metabolism in C. elegans were predominantly performed in low-reproduction conditions. To understand how increased reproduction affects lifespan and fat metabolism, we examined mated worms; we find that a Δ9 desaturase, FAT-7, is significantly up-regulated. Dietary supplementation of oleic acid (OA), the immediate downstream product of FAT-7 activity, restores fat storage and completely rescues mating-induced death, while other fatty acids cannot. OA-mediated lifespan restoration is also observed in C. elegans mutants suffering increased death from short-term mating, and in mated C. remanei females, indicating a conserved role of oleic acid in post-mating lifespan regulation. Because OA supplementation does not further increase the reproductive span or the brood size of mated C. elegans mothers, our results suggest that altering specific fat metabolism uncouples reproduction and somatic lifespan regulation, providing potent targets to ameliorate the cost of reproduction.

Role of the Dorsolateral Pontine Nucleus in Short-Term Adaptation of the Horizontal Vestibuloocular Reflex

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 2879-2885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Ono ◽  
Vallabh E. Das ◽  
Michael J. Mustari
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Pursuit ◽  
Head Rotation ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Accessory Optic System ◽  
Pontine Nucleus ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Dorsolateral Pontine Nucleus

The dorsolateral pontine nucleus (DLPN) is a major component of the cortico-ponto-cerebellar pathway that carries signals essential for smooth pursuit. This pathway also carries visual signals that could play a role in visually guided motor learning in the vestibular ocular reflex (VOR). However, there have been no previous studies that tested this possibility directly. The aim of this study was to determine the potential role of the DLPN in short-term VOR gain adaptation produced by viewing a scene through lenses placed in front of both eyes. In control experiments, adaptation of VOR gain was achieved by sinusoidal rotation (0.2 Hz, 30°/s) for 2 h while the monkey viewed a stationary visual surround through either magnifying (×2) or minifying (×0.5) lenses. This led to increases (23–32%) or decreases (22–48%) of VOR gain as measured in complete darkness (VORd). We used injections of muscimol, a potent GABAA agonist (0.5 μl; 2%), to reversibly inactivate the DLPN, unilaterally, in three monkeys. After DLPN inactivation, initial acceleration of ipsilateral smooth-pursuit was reduced by 35–68%, and steady-state gain was reduced by 32–61%. Despite these significant deficits ( P < 0.01) in ipsilesional smooth pursuit, the VOR during lens viewing was similar to that measured in preinjection control experiments. Similarly, after 2 h of adaptation, VORd gain was not significantly different ( P > 0.61) from control adaptation values for either ipsi- or contralesional directions of head rotation. This was the case even though a stable ipsilesional smooth pursuit deficit persisted throughout the full adaptation period. Our results suggest that visual error signals for short-term adaptation of the VOR are derived from sources other than the DLPN perhaps including other basilar pontine nuclei and the accessory optic system.

Selected Contribution: Role of spleen emptying in prolonging apneas in humans

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 1623-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erika Schagatay ◽  
Johan P. A. Andersson ◽  
Magnus Hallén ◽  
Birger Pålsson
Keyword(s):  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Diving Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Protein Concentration ◽  
Face Immersion ◽  
Short Term Adaptation ◽  
Hematological Changes

This study addressed the interaction between short-term adaptation to apneas with face immersion and erythrocyte release from the spleen. Twenty healthy volunteers, including ten splenectomized subjects, participated. After prone rest, they performed five maximal-duration apneas with face immersion in 10°C water, with 2-min intervals. Cardiorespiratory parameters and venous blood samples were collected. In subjects with spleens, hematocrit and hemoglobin concentration increased by 6.4% and 3.3%, respectively, over the serial apneas and returned to baseline 10 min after the series. A delay of the physiological breaking point of apnea, by 30.5% (17 s), was seen only in this group. These parameters did not change in the splenectomized group. Plasma protein concentration, preapneic alveolar Pco 2, inspired lung volume, and diving bradycardia remained unchanged throughout the series in both groups. Serial apneas thus triggered the hematological changes that have been previously observed after long apneic diving shifts; they were rapidly reversed and did not occur in splenectomized subjects. This suggests that splenic contraction occurs in humans as a part of the diving response and may prolong repeated apneas.

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