Analysis of LFP Phase Predicts Sensory Response of Barrel Cortex

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1658-1663 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haslinger ◽  
I. Ulbert ◽  
C. I. Moore ◽  
E. N. Brown ◽  
A. Devor
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Strong Function ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Up And Down States ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp

Several previous studies have shown the existence of Up and Down states and have linked their magnitude (e.g., depolarization level) to the size of sensory-evoked responses. Here, we studied how the temporal dynamics of such states influence the sensory-evoked response to vibrissa deflection. Under α-chloralose anesthesia, barrel cortex exhibits strong quasi-periodic ∼1-Hz local field potential (LFP) oscillations generated by the synchronized fluctuation of large populations of neurons between depolarized (Up) and hyperpolarized (Down) states. Using a linear depth electrode array, we recorded the LFP and multiunit activity (MUA) simultaneously across multiple layers of the barrel column and used the LFP to approximate the subthreshold Up–Down fluctuations. Our central finding is that the MUA response is a strong function of the LFP oscillation’s phase. When only ongoing LFP magnitude was considered, the response was largest in the Down state, in agreement with previous studies. However, consideration of the LFP phase revealed that the MUA response varied smoothly as a function of LFP phase in a manner that was not monotonically dependent on LFP magnitude. The LFP phase is therefore a better predictor of the MUA response than the LFP magnitude is. Our results suggest that, in the presence of ongoing oscillations, there can be a continuum of response properties and that each phase may, at times, need to be considered a distinct cortical state.

scholarly journals Local and thalamic origins of ongoing and sensory evoked cortical correlations

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katayun Cohen-Kashi Malina ◽  
Boaz Mohar ◽  
Akiva N. Rappaport ◽  
Miao Liu
Keyword(s):  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Synaptic Inputs ◽  
Correlated Activity ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Intact Cortex ◽  
Sensory Evoked

Thalamic inputs of layer 4 (L4) cells in sensory cortices are outnumbered by local connections. Thus, it was suggested that robust sensory response in L4 emerges due to synchronized thalamic activity. In order to investigate the role of both inputs in generation of cortical synchronization, we isolated the thalamic excitatory inputs of cortical cells by optogenetically silencing cortical firing. In anesthetized mice, we measured the correlation between isolated thalamic synaptic inputs of simultaneously patched nearby L4 cells of the barrel cortex. In contrast to correlated activity of excitatory synaptic inputs in the intact cortex, isolated thalamic inputs exhibit lower variability and asynchronous spontaneous and sensory evoked inputs. These results were further supported in awake mice when we recorded the excitatory inputs of individual cortical cells simultaneously with the local field potential (LFP) in a nearby site. Our results therefore indicate that cortical synchronization emerges by intracortical coupling.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Two-Photon Voltage or Calcium Imaging and Multi-Channel Local Field Potential Recordings in Barrel Cortex of Awake and Anesthetized Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cecchetto ◽  
Stefano Vassanelli ◽  
Bernd Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Local Field Potential ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Spatiotemporal Resolution ◽  
Two Photon ◽  
Cranial Window ◽  
Sensory Evoked

Neuronal population activity, both spontaneous and sensory-evoked, generates propagating waves in cortex. However, high spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of these waves is difficult as calcium imaging, the work horse of current imaging, does not reveal subthreshold activity. Here, we present a platform combining voltage or calcium two-photon imaging with multi-channel local field potential (LFP) recordings in different layers of the barrel cortex from anesthetized and awake head-restrained mice. A chronic cranial window with access port allows injecting a viral vector expressing GCaMP6f or the voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) ANNINE-6plus, as well as entering the brain with a multi-channel neural probe. We present both average spontaneous activity and average evoked signals in response to multi-whisker air-puff stimulations. Time domain analysis shows the dependence of the evoked responses on the cortical layer and on the state of the animal, here separated into anesthetized, awake but resting, and running. The simultaneous data acquisition allows to compare the average membrane depolarization measured with ANNINE-6plus with the amplitude and shape of the LFP recordings. The calcium imaging data connects these data sets to the large existing database of this important second messenger. Interestingly, in the calcium imaging data, we found a few cells which showed a decrease in calcium concentration in response to vibrissa stimulation in awake mice. This system offers a multimodal technique to study the spatiotemporal dynamics of neuronal signals through a 3D architecture in vivo. It will provide novel insights on sensory coding, closing the gap between electrical and optical recordings.

scholarly journals Modulation of Sensory Response at Different Time Lags after Locus Coeruleus Micro-stimulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Fazlali ◽  
Yadollah Ranjbar-Slamloo ◽  
Ehsan Arabzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Sensory Input ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Temporal Integration ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Evoked Response ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Sensory Evoked

AbstractLocus Coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic system has widespread projections throughout the brain and affects sensory processing in various modalities. Inhibition of both spontaneous and sensory-evoked cortical activity is well-documented in early experiments by either LC electrical micro-stimulation or local application of norepinephrine (NE). However, the temporal profile of LC modulation of sensory response is not well-established. Here, we recorded neuronal activity from the rat barrel cortex under urethane anesthesia and coupled LC micro-stimulation with brief mechanical deflection of whiskers at 10 different time lags (50-500 ms). LC micro-stimulation exhibited a biphasic effect on BC spontaneous activity: a period of suppression (∼100 ms) followed by a period of excitation (∼200 ms). This profile was highly consistent across BC units: 82% of BC units showed early suppression and 91% of BC units showed late excitation. We observed a similar effect on the sensory-evoked response: at 50-ms lag, the evoked response (1-75 ms after deflection onset) decreased in 77% of units and at 150-ms lag, the early evoked response was facilitated in 85% of units. At 150 to 350-ms time lags, LC micro-stimulation caused a combined facilitation followed by suppression on the evoked response. For lags of 400-ms and higher, the effect was pure facilitation. Additionally, response latency was significantly decreased at 250 ms time lag. In summary, we found that LC modulation affects the cortical processing of sensory inputs in a complex manner which critically depends on the time lag between LC activation and sensory input. These results have clear implications for temporal integration of sensory input and its noradrenergic modulation in a behavioral setting.

scholarly journals State-aware detection of sensory stimuli in the cortex of the awake mouse

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Sederberg ◽  
Aurelie Pala ◽  
He J. V. Zheng ◽  
Biyu J. He ◽  
Garrett B. Stanley
Keyword(s):  
Field Potential ◽  
Ideal Observer ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Detection Accuracy ◽  
Sensory Stimuli ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Sensory Inputs ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Brain States ◽  
Sensory Evoked

Cortical responses to sensory inputs vary across repeated presentations of identical stimuli, but how this trial-to-trial variability impacts detection of sensory inputs is not fully understood. Using multi-channel local field potential (LFP) recordings in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) of the awake mouse, we optimized a data-driven cortical state classifier to predict single-trial sensory-evoked responses, based on features of the spontaneous, ongoing LFP recorded across cortical layers. Our findings show that, by utilizing an ongoing prediction of the sensory response generated by this state classifier, an ideal observer improves overall detection accuracy and generates robust detection of sensory inputs across various states of ongoing cortical activity in the awake brain, which could have implications for variability in the performance of detection tasks across brain states.

scholarly journals Metabolic demands of neural-hemodynamic associated and disassociated areas in brain

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 1695-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basavaraju G Sanganahalli ◽  
Peter Herman ◽  
Douglas L Rothman ◽  
Hal Blumenfeld ◽  
Fahmeed Hyder
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Blood Oxygenation ◽  
Oxygenation Level ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Calibrated Fmri ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Ventral Posterolateral Thalamic Nucleus

Interpretation of regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is contingent on whether local field potential (LFP) and multi-unit activity (MUA) is either dissociated or associated. To examine whether neural-hemodynamic associated and dissociated areas have different metabolic demands, we recorded sensory-evoked responses of BOLD signal, blood flow (CBF), and blood volume (CBV), which with calibrated fMRI provided oxidative metabolism (CMRO2) from rat’s ventral posterolateral thalamic nucleus (VPL) and somatosensory forelimb cortex (S1FL) and compared these neuroimaging signals to neurophysiological recordings. MUA faithfully recorded evoked latency differences between VPL and S1FL because evoked MUA in these regions were similar in magnitude. Since evoked LFP was significantly attenuated in VPL, we extracted the time courses of the weaker thalamic LFP to compare with the stronger cortical LFP using wavelet transform. BOLD and CBV responses were greater in S1FL than in VPL, similar to LFP regional differences. CBF and CMRO2 responses were both comparably larger in S1FL and VPL. Despite different levels of CBF-CMRO2 and LFP-MUA couplings in VPL and S1FL, the CMRO2 was well matched with MUA in both regions. These results suggest that neural-hemodynamic associated and dissociated areas in VPL and S1FL can have similar metabolic demands.

scholarly journals Local field potentials primarily reflect inhibitory neuron activity in human and monkey cortex

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bartosz Teleńczuk ◽  
Nima Dehghani ◽  
Michel Le Van Quyen ◽  
Sydney S. Cash ◽  
Eric Halgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Field ◽  
Hippocampal Slices ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Inhibitory Neuron ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Spatial Filter ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Single Spike ◽  
Spatio Temporal

ABSTRACTThe local field potential (LFP) is generated by large populations of neurons, but unitary contribution of spiking neurons to LFP is not well characterised. We investigated this contribution in multi-electrode array recordings from human and monkey neocortex by examining the spike-triggered LFP average (st-LFP). The resulting st-LFPs were dominated by broad spatio-temporal components due to ongoing activity, synaptic inputs and recurrent connectivity. To reduce the spatial reach of the st-LFP and observe the local field related to a single spike we applied a spatial filter, whose weights were adapted to the covariance of ongoing LFP. The filtered st-LFPs were limited to the perimeter of 800 μm around the neuron, and propagated at axonal speed, which is consistent with their unitary nature. In addition, we discriminated between putative inhibitory and excitatory neurons and found that the inhibitory st-LFP peaked at shorter latencies, consistently with previous findings in hippocampal slices. Thus, in human and monkey neocortex, the LFP reflects primarily inhibitory neuron activity.

scholarly journals Membrane potential correlates of network decorrelation and improved SNR by cholinergic activation in the somatosensory cortex

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inbal Meir ◽  
Yonatan Katz ◽  
Ilan Lampl
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Differential Effect ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Nucleus Basalis ◽  
Sensory Response ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Sensory Evoked ◽  
Cholinergic Activation

AbstractThe nucleus basalis (NB) projects cholinergic axons to the cortex where they play a major role in arousal, attention and learning. Cholinergic inputs shift cortical dynamics from synchronous to asynchronous and improves the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of sensory response. Yet, the underlying mechanisms of these changes remain unclear. Using simultaneous extracellular and whole cell patch recordings in layer 4 barrel cortex we show that activation of the cholinergic system has a differential effect on ongoing and sensory evoked activities. Cholinergic activation eliminated the large and correlated spontaneous synaptic fluctuations in membrane potential while sparing the synaptic response to whisker stimulation. This differential effect of cholinergic activation provides a unified explanation for the increased SNR of sensory response and for the reduction in both trial to trial variability and noise correlations as well as explaining the shift into desynchronized cortical state which are the hallmarks of arousal and attention.

scholarly journals Low activity microstates during sleep

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Miyawaki ◽  
Yazan N. Billeh ◽  
Kamran Diba
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Field Potential ◽  
Ca1 Neurons ◽  
Anterior Thalamus ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Electroencephalogram Eeg ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Field Potential Lfp ◽  
Low Activity

AbstractA better understanding of sleep requires evaluating the distinct activity patterns of the brain during sleep. We performed extracellular recordings of large populations of hippocampal region CA1 neurons in freely moving rats across sleep and waking states. Throughout non-REM (non-rapid eye movement) sleep, we observed periods of diminished oscillatory and population spiking activity lasting on the order of seconds, which we refer to as “LOW” activity sleep states. LOW states featured enhanced firing in a subset of “LOW-active” cells, and greater firing in putative interneurons compared to DOWN/OFF states. LOW activity sleep was preceded and followed by increased sharp-wave ripple (SWR) activity. We also observed decreased slow-wave activity (SWA) and sleep spindles in the hippocampus local-field potential (LFP) and neocortical electroencephalogram (EEG) upon LOW onset, but only a partial rebound immediately after LOW. LOW states demonstrated LFP, EEG, and EMG patterns consistent with sleep, but frequently transitioned into microarousals (MAs) and showed EMG and LFP spectral differences from previously described small-amplitude irregular activity (SIA) during quiet waking. Their likelihood increased over the course of sleep, particularly following REM sleep. To confirm that LOW is a brain-wide phenomenon, we analyzed data from the entorhinal cortex of rats, medial prefrontal cortex, and anterior thalamus of mice, obtained from crcns.org and found that LOW states corresponded to markedly diminished activity simultaneously in all of these regions. We propose that LOW states are an important microstate within non-REM sleep that provide respite from high-activity sleep, and may serve a restorative function.

Olfactory modulation of barrel cortex activity during active whisking and passive whisker stimulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Renard ◽  
Evan Harrell ◽  
Brice Bathallier
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Tactile Stimulation ◽  
Barrel Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Tactile Information ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Rodents depend on olfaction and touch to meet many of their fundamental needs. The joint significance of these sensory systems is underscored by an intricate coupling between sniffing and whisking. However, the impact of simultaneous olfactory and tactile inputs on sensory representations in the cortex remains elusive. To study these interactions, we recorded large populations of barrel cortex neurons using 2-photon calcium imaging in head-fixed mice during olfactory and tactile stimulation. We find that odors alter barrel cortex activity in at least two ways, first by enhancing whisking, and second by central cross-talk that persists after whisking is abolished by facial nerve sectioning. Odors can either enhance or suppress barrel cortex neuronal responses, and while odor identity can be decoded from population activity, it does not interfere with the tactile representation. Thus, barrel cortex represents olfactory information which, in the absence of learned associations, is coded independently of tactile information.

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