scholarly journals Age-related erosion of obstacle avoidance reflexes evoked with electrical stimulation of tibial nerve during walking

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 1528-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra R. Hundza ◽  
Amit Gaur ◽  
Ryan Brodie ◽  
Drew Commandeur ◽  
Marc D. Klimstra
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Ankle Dorsiflexion ◽  
Prodromal Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Stimulation Of

In young healthy adults, characteristic obstacle avoidance reflexes have been demonstrated in response to electrical stimulation of cutaneous afferents of the foot during walking. It is unknown whether there is an age-related erosion of this obstacle avoidance reflex evoked with stimulation to the tibial nerve innervating the sole of the foot. The purpose of this study was to identify age-dependent differences in obstacle avoidance reflexes evoked with electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle during walking in healthy young and older (70 yr and older) adults with no history of falls. Toe clearance, ankle and knee joint displacement and angular velocity, and electromyograms (EMG) of the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, biceps femoris, and vastus lateralis were measured. A significant erosion of kinematic and EMG obstacle avoidance reflexes was seen in the older adults compared with the young. Specifically, during swing phase, there was reduced toe clearance, ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion angular displacement in older adults compared with the young as well as changes in muscle activation. These degraded reflexes were superimposed on altered kinematics seen during unperturbed walking in the older adults including reduced toe clearance and knee flexion and increased ankle dorsiflexion compared with the young. Notably, during mid-swing the toe clearance was reduced in the older adults compared with the young by 2 cm overall, resulting from a combination of 1-cm reduced reflex response in the older adults superimposed on 1-cm less toe clearance during unperturbed walking. Together, these age-related differences could represent the prodromal phase of fall risk. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrated age-dependent erosion of obstacle avoidance reflexes evoked with electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve at the ankle during walking. There was significant reduction in toe clearance, ankle dorsiflexion, and knee flexion reflexes as well as changes in muscle activation during swing phase in older adults with no history of falls compared with the young. These degraded reflexes, superimposed on altered kinematics seen during unperturbed walking, likely represent the prodromal phase of fall risk.

scholarly journals Electromyographic activation patterns during swallowing in older adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Young Ko ◽  
Hayoung Kim ◽  
Joonyoung Jang ◽  
Jun Chang Lee ◽  
Ju Seok Ryu
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Viscous Fluid ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Fatty Infiltration ◽  
Liquid Volume ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Age Related

AbstractAge-related weakness due to atrophy and fatty infiltration in oropharyngeal muscles may be related to dysphagia in older adults. However, little is known about changes in the oropharyngeal muscle activation pattern in older adults. This was a prospective and experimental study. Forty healthy participants (20 older [> 60 years] and 20 young [< 60 years] adults) were enrolled. Six channel surface electrodes were placed over the bilateral suprahyoid (SH), bilateral retrohyoid (RH), thyrohyoid (TH), and sternothyroid (StH) muscles. Electromyography signals were then recorded twice for each patient during swallowing of 2 cc of water, 5 cc of water, and 5 cc of a highly viscous fluid. Latency, duration, and peak amplitude were measured. The activation patterns were the same, in the order of SH, TH, and StH, in both groups. The muscle activation patterns were classified as type I and II; the type I pattern was characterized by a monophasic shape, and the type II comprised a pre-reflex phase and a main phase. The oropharyngeal muscles and SH muscles were found to develop a pre-reflex phase specifically with increasing volume and viscosity of the swallowed fluid. Type I showed a different response to the highly viscous fluid in the older group compared to that in the younger group. However, type II showed concordant changes in the groups. Therefore, healthy older people were found to compensate for swallowing with a pre-reflex phase of muscle activation in response to increased liquid volume and viscosity, to adjust for age-related muscle weakness.

Age- and Activity-Related Differences in the Mechanisms Underlying Maximal Power Production in Young and Older Adults

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Korff ◽  
Ann H. Newstead ◽  
Renate van Zandwijk ◽  
Jody L. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Maximal Power ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Peak Knee ◽  
Active Adults

The purpose of this study was to examine the interactions between aging, activity levels and maximal power production during cycling. Participants were divided into younger adults (YA), older active adults (OA,) and older sedentary adults (OS). Absolute maximum power was significantly greater in YA compared with OS and OA; no differences were found between OA and OS. The age-related difference in maximum power was accompanied by greater absolute peak knee extension and knee flexion powers. Relative joint power contributions revealed both age- and activity-related differences. YA produced less relative hip extension power than older adults, regardless of activity level. The OS participants produced less relative knee flexion power than active adults, regardless of age. The results show the age-related decline in muscular power production is joint specific and that activity level can be a modifier of intersegmental coordination, which has implications for designing interventions for the aging population.

Short-Latency Crossed Inhibitory Responses in the Human Soleus Muscle

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (6) ◽  
pp. 3596-3605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter W. Stubbs ◽  
Natalie Mrachacz-Kersting
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Short Latency ◽  
Afferent Feedback ◽  
Medial Plantar Nerve ◽  
Muscle Activation Patterns ◽  
Tibial Nerve Stimulation

Even though interlimb coordination is critical in bipedal locomotion, the role of muscle afferent mediated feedback is unknown. The aim of this study was to establish if ipsilateral muscle generated afferent feedback can influence contralateral muscle activation patterns in the human lower limb and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. The effect of ipsilateral tibial nerve stimulation on contralateral soleus (cSOL) responses were quantified. Three interventions were investigated, 1) electrical stimulation applied to the tibial nerve at stimulation intensities from 0 to 100% of maximal M-wave (M-max) with the cSOL contracted from 5 to 15% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and 15 to 30% MVC, 2) ispsilateral tibial nerve stimulation at 75% M-max prior to, during, and following the application of ischemia to the ipsilateral thigh. 3) Electrical stimulation applied to the ipsilateral sural (SuN) and medial plantar nerves at stimulation intensities from 1 to 3 times perceptual threshold. A short-latency depression in the cSOL electromyogram (EMG; onset: 37–41 ms) was observed following ipsilateral tibial nerve stimulation. The magnitude of this depression increased ( P = 0.0005 and P = 0.000001) with increasing stimulus intensities. Ischemia delayed the time of the minimum of the cSOL depression ( P = 0.04). SuN and medial plantar nerve stimulation evoked a longer latency depression [average; 91.2 ms (SuN); 142 ms (medial plantar nerve)] and therefore do not contribute to the response. This is the first study to demonstrate a short-latency depression in the cSOL following ipsilateral tibial nerve stimulation. Due to its short latency, the response is spinally mediated. The involvement of crossed spinal interneurons receiving input from low-threshold muscle afferents is discussed.

scholarly journals Electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve reduces neuropathic pain in patients with polyneuropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol Volume 10 ◽  
pp. 2717-2723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Dabby ◽  
Menachem Sadeh ◽  
Ilan Goldberg ◽  
Vitaly Finkelshtein
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Posterior Tibial Nerve ◽  
Posterior Tibial ◽  
Stimulation Of

scholarly journals The Association between Age-Related Cognitive Changes and Obstacle Avoidance: Focusing on Memory-Guided Limb Movements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Sakurai ◽  
Kentaro Kodama ◽  
Yu Ozawa ◽  
Frederico Pieruccini-Faria ◽  
Kimi Estela Kobayashi-Cuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Obstacle Avoidance ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Cognitive Test ◽  
Limb Movements ◽  
Cognitive Changes ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Foot Kinematics ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Difference

Abstract An association between cognitive impairment and tripping over obstacles during locomotion in older adults has been suggested. However, owing to its memory-guided movement, whether this is more pronounced in the trailing limb is poorly known. We examined the age-related changes in stepping-over, focusing on trailing limb movements, and their association with cognitive performance. Age-related change in obstacle avoidance was examined by comparing the foot kinematics of 105 older and 103 younger adults when stepping over an obstacle. The difference in clearance between the leading limb and trailing limb (Δ clearance) was calculated to determine the degree of decrement in the clearance of the trailing limb. A cognitive test battery was used to evaluate cognitive function among older adults for assessing their association with Δ clearance. Older adults showed a significantly lower clearance of the trailing limb than younger adults, resulting in a greater Δ clearance. The significant correlations between greater Δ clearance and scores of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and delayed recall of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory. Our results suggest that memory functions may contribute to the control of trailing limb movements, which can secure a safety margin to avoid stumbling on an obstacle, during obstacle avoidance locomotion.

scholarly journals Older Adults Overcome Reduced Triceps Surae Structural Stiffness to Preserve Ankle Joint Quasi-Stiffness During Walking

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Rebecca L. Krupenevich ◽  
William H. Clark ◽  
Gregory S. Sawicki ◽  
Jason R. Franz
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Achilles Tendon ◽  
Ankle Joint ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Muscle Stiffness ◽  
Triceps Surae ◽  
Triceps Surae Muscle ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Lower Ankle Joint

Ankle joint quasi-stiffness is an aggregate measure of the interaction between triceps surae muscle stiffness and Achilles tendon stiffness. This interaction may be altered due to age-related changes in the structural properties and functional behavior of the Achilles tendon and triceps surae muscles. The authors hypothesized that, due to a more compliant of Achilles’ tendon, older adults would exhibit lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults during walking and during isolated contractions at matched triceps surae muscle activations. The authors also hypothesized that, independent of age, triceps surae muscle stiffness and ankle joint quasi-stiffness would increase with triceps surae muscle activation. The authors used conventional gait analysis in one experiment and, in another, electromyographic biofeedback and in vivo ultrasound imaging applied during isolated contractions. The authors found no difference in ankle joint quasi-stiffness between young and older adults during walking. Conversely, this study found that (1) young and older adults modulated ankle joint quasi-stiffness via activation-dependent changes in triceps surae muscle length–tension behavior and (2) at matched activation, older adults exhibited lower ankle joint quasi-stiffness than young adults. Despite age-related reductions during isolated contractions, ankle joint quasi-stiffness was maintained in older adults during walking, which may be governed via activation-mediated increases in muscle stiffness.

scholarly journals In vivo Photonic Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve with a 1470 nm Laser

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dautrebande ◽  
Pascal Doguet ◽  
Simon-Pierre Gorza ◽  
Jean Delbeke ◽  
Yohan Botquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Radiant Exposure ◽  
Stimulation Of

Photonic stimulation is a new modality of nerve stimulation, which could overcome some of the electrical stimulation limitations. In this paper, we present the results of photonic stimulation of rodent sciatic nerve with a 1470 nm laser. Muscle activation was observed with radiant exposure of 0.084 J/cm<sup>2</sup>.

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