scholarly journals In vivo Photonic Stimulation of Sciatic Nerve with a 1470 nm Laser

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Dautrebande ◽  
Pascal Doguet ◽  
Simon-Pierre Gorza ◽  
Jean Delbeke ◽  
Yohan Botquin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Activation ◽  
Radiant Exposure ◽  
Stimulation Of

Photonic stimulation is a new modality of nerve stimulation, which could overcome some of the electrical stimulation limitations. In this paper, we present the results of photonic stimulation of rodent sciatic nerve with a 1470 nm laser. Muscle activation was observed with radiant exposure of 0.084 J/cm<sup>2</sup>.

Effect and mechanism of vagal nerve stimulation on somatostatin secretion in dogs

1986 ◽  
Vol 250 (2) ◽  
pp. E212-E217 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ahren ◽  
T. L. Paquette ◽  
G. J. Taborsky
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Nicotinic Receptors ◽  
Vagal Nerve ◽  
Vagal Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Arterial Plasma ◽  
Stimulation Of

To investigate the effect of vagal nerve stimulation on the release of pancreatic somatostatin, we electrically stimulated (10 Hz, 5 ms, 13.5 mA, and 10 min) the thoracic vagi just below the heart in halothane anesthetized dogs (n = 15). The stimulation increased the pancreatic output of somatostatinlike immunoreactivity (SLI) (delta = +248 +/- 81 fmol/min, P less than 0.005; base-line levels = 455 +/- 150 fmol/min). min). Arterial plasma SLI levels increased as well (delta = +16 +/- 3 fmol/ml, P less than 0.001; base-line levels = 65 +/- 3 fmol/ml), reflecting stimulation of extrapancreatic SLI secretion. Significant vagal activation was verified by a fivefold increase of pancreatic output of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) (delta = +31.4 +/- 5.9 ng/min, P less than 0.001; base-line levels = 7.8 +/- 0.9 ng/min). Atropine pretreatment (n = 6) inhibited partially both the PP response (delta = +7.9 +/- 3.8 ng/min after atropine) and the pancreatic SLI response (delta = +92 +/- 29 fmol/min) to vagal nerve stimulation. However, atropine pretreatment did not modify the arterial SLI response (delta = +20 +/- 7 fmol/ml). Hexamethonium pretreatment (n = 9) completely abolished all three responses. We conclude that 1) electrical stimulation of the vagus stimulates pancreatic SLI, extrapancreatic SLI, and PP release in vivo in the dog; 2) both muscarinic and nonmuscarinic mechanisms mediate the PP and pancreatic SLI responses; 3) a nonmuscarinic mechanism mediates the extrapancreatic SLI response; and 4) all three responses are mediated via ganglionic nicotinic receptors.

scholarly journals Noninvasive Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves using Temporally-Interfering Electrical Fields

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Botzanowski ◽  
Mary J Donahue ◽  
Malin Silvera Ejneby ◽  
Alessandro L. Gallina ◽  
Ibrahima Ngom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Sine Wave ◽  
Multielectrode Arrays ◽  
Bioelectronic Medicine ◽  
Nerve Model ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of peripheral nerves is a cornerstone of bioelectronic medicine. Effective ways to accomplish peripheral nerve stimulation noninvasively without surgically implanted devices is enabling for fundamental research and clinical translation. Here we demonstrate how relatively high frequency sine-wave carriers (3 kHz) emitted by two pairs of cutaneous electrodes can temporally interfere at deep peripheral nerve targets. The effective stimulation frequency is equal to the offset frequency (0.5 - 4 Hz) between the two carriers. We validate this principle of temporal interference nerve stimulation (TINS) in vivo using the murine sciatic nerve model. Effective actuation is delivered at significantly lower current amplitudes than standard transcutaneous electrical stimulation. Further, we demonstrate how flexible and conformable on-skin multielectrode arrays can facilitate precise alignment of TINS onto a nerve. Our method is simple, relying on repurposing of existing clinically-approved hardware. TINS opens the possibility of precise noninvasive stimulation with depth and efficiency previously impossible with transcutaneous techniques.

Effects of different frequencies of stimulation of sciatic nerves on the patellar reflex

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 544-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore De Salva ◽  
Y. T. Oester
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Spinal Section ◽  
Sciatic Nerves ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
High Cervical ◽  
Frequency Of Stimulation ◽  
Reflex Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

The patellar reflex was recorded every 10 seconds in cats under high cervical spinal section. The effects of different frequencies of electrical stimulation on both the ipsilateral and contralateral sciatic nerves were studied. At frequencies of 1–10/sec., contralateral sciatic nerve stimulation produced a depression of the patellar reflex. Frequencies of 20–120/sec. produced augmentation of the reflex. Stimulation of the ipsilateral sciatic nerve, through the same range of frequencies, only produced a gradient depression of the patellar reflex. The effect of pentobarbital on these reflexes in the same type of high cervical spinal cat was noted. The effects of frequency of stimulation, as well as anesthetic used, must be considered in using this reflex preparation.

scholarly journals An investigation of arterial insufficiency in the rat hindlimb Correlation of skeletal muscle bloodflow and glucose utilization in vivo

1986 ◽  
Vol 240 (2) ◽  
pp. 395-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Challiss ◽  
D J Hayes ◽  
G K Radda
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Artery Ligation ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation

Muscle bloodflow and the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation were measured in vivo in rats 7 days after unilateral femoral artery ligation and section. Bloodflow was determined by using radiolabelled microspheres. At rest, bloodflow to the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles of the ligated limb was similar to their respective mean contralateral control values; however, bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a less pronounced hyperaemic response in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 59, 63 and 49% of their mean control values in the gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus muscles respectively. The rate of glucose utilization was determined by using the 2-deoxy[3H]glucose method [Ferré, Leturque, Burnol, Penicaud & Girard (1985) Biochem. J. 228, 103-110]. At rest, the rate of glucose uptake and phosphorylation was statistically significantly increased in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of the ligated limb, being 126 and 140% of the mean control values respectively. Bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation at 1 Hz caused a 3-5-fold increase in the rate of glucose utilization by the ligated and contralateral control limbs; furthermore, the rate of glucose utilization was significantly increased in the muscles of the ligated limb, being 140, 129 and 207% of their mean control values respectively. For the range of bloodflow to normally perfused skeletal muscle at rest or during isometric contraction determined in the present study, a linear correlation between the rate of glucose utilization and bloodflow can be demonstrated. Applying similar methods of regression analysis to glucose utilization and bloodflow to muscles of the ligated limb reveals a similar linear correlation. However, the rate of glucose utilization at a given bloodflow is increased in muscles of the ligated limb, indicating an adaptation of skeletal muscle to hypoperfusion.

Electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve: direct current measurement in vivo

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 461-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.Q. Huang ◽  
R.K. Shepherd ◽  
P.M. Center ◽  
P.M. Seligman ◽  
B. Tabor
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Direct Current ◽  
Auditory Nerve ◽  
Current Measurement ◽  
Direct Current Measurement ◽  
Stimulation Of

Hyperinsulinemia of preobese and obese fa/fa rats is partly vagus nerve mediated

1983 ◽  
Vol 244 (4) ◽  
pp. E317-E322 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Rohner-Jeanrenaud ◽  
A. C. Hochstrasser ◽  
B. Jeanrenaud
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Glucose Load ◽  
Parasympathetic System ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Stimulation Of

In vivo glucose-induced insulin secretion was greater in preweaned preobese 17-day-old Zucker rats than in the corresponding controls. This hypersecretion of insulin was reversed to normal by acute pretreatment with atropine. A short-lived (30 s) electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve preceding a glucose load potentiated the in vivo glucose-induced insulin release in adult animals (6-9 wk) and more so in obese Zucker (fa/fa) than in lean rats. This suggested the existence of enhanced sensitivity and/or responsiveness of the B cells of obese animals to the parasympathetic system. That the parasympathetic tone was increased in adult obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats was corroborated by the observation that acute vagotomy of these animals resulted in a significant decrease in glucose-induced insulin secretion, whereas no such effect was seen in lean rats. Also, perfused pancreases from adult obese (fa/fa) rats oversecreted insulin during a stimulation by arginine when compared with controls, an oversecretion that was restored toward normal by superimposed infusion of atropine. It is concluded that a) the increased insulin secretion of preobese Zucker fa/fa rats is an early abnormality that is mediated by the vagus nerve, and b) increased secretion of insulin in adult obese fa/fa rats continues to be partly vagus-nerve mediated, although a decreased sympathetic tone and other unknown defects could conceivably play a role as well.

scholarly journals Suppression of Superficial Microglial Activation by Spinal Cord Stimulation Attenuates Neuropathic Pain Following Sciatic Nerve Injury in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2390
Author(s):  
Masamichi Shinoda ◽  
Satoshi Fujita ◽  
Shiori Sugawara ◽  
Sayaka Asano ◽  
Ryo Koyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Dorsal Horn ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
In Vivo Optical Imaging ◽  
Stimulation Of

We evaluated the mechanisms underlying the spinal cord stimulation (SCS)-induced analgesic effect on neuropathic pain following spared nerve injury (SNI). On day 3 after SNI, SCS was performed for 6 h by using electrodes paraspinally placed on the L4-S1 spinal cord. The effects of SCS and intraperitoneal minocycline administration on plantar mechanical sensitivity, microglial activation, and neuronal excitability in the L4 dorsal horn were assessed on day 3 after SNI. The somatosensory cortical responses to electrical stimulation of the hind paw on day 3 following SNI were examined by using in vivo optical imaging with a voltage-sensitive dye. On day 3 after SNI, plantar mechanical hypersensitivity and enhanced microglial activation were suppressed by minocycline or SCS, and L4 dorsal horn nociceptive neuronal hyperexcitability was suppressed by SCS. In vivo optical imaging also revealed that electrical stimulation of the hind paw-activated areas in the somatosensory cortex was decreased by SCS. The present findings suggest that SCS could suppress plantar SNI-induced neuropathic pain via inhibition of microglial activation in the L4 dorsal horn, which is involved in spinal neuronal hyperexcitability. SCS is likely to be a potential alternative and complementary medicine therapy to alleviate neuropathic pain following nerve injury.

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