scholarly journals Spatiotemporal dynamics of brain activity during the transition from visually guided to memory-guided force control

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1335-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Poon ◽  
Lisa G. Chin-Cottongim ◽  
Stephen A. Coombes ◽  
Daniel M. Corcos ◽  
David E. Vaillancourt
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Central Region ◽  
Force Control ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Feedback Gain ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Ventral Prefrontal Cortex

It is well established that the prefrontal cortex is involved during memory-guided tasks whereas visually guided tasks are controlled in part by a frontal-parietal network. However, the nature of the transition from visually guided to memory-guided force control is not as well established. As such, this study examines the spatiotemporal pattern of brain activity that occurs during the transition from visually guided to memory-guided force control. We measured 128-channel scalp electroencephalography (EEG) in healthy individuals while they performed a grip force task. After visual feedback was removed, the first significant change in event-related activity occurred in the left central region by 300 ms, followed by changes in prefrontal cortex by 400 ms. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was used to localize the strongest activity to the left ventral premotor cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex. A second experiment altered visual feedback gain but did not require memory. In contrast to memory-guided force control, altering visual feedback gain did not lead to early changes in the left central and midline prefrontal regions. Decreasing the spatial amplitude of visual feedback did lead to changes in the midline central region by 300 ms, followed by changes in occipital activity by 400 ms. The findings show that subjects rely on sensorimotor memory processes involving left ventral premotor cortex and ventral prefrontal cortex after the immediate transition from visually guided to memory-guided force control.

Multisynaptic inputs from the ventral prefrontal cortex (PFv) to the dorsal premotor cortex (PMd) in macaques

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. e373
Author(s):  
Daisuke Takahara ◽  
Yoshihiro Hirata ◽  
Ken-ichi Inoue ◽  
Sigehiro Miyachi ◽  
Atsushi Nambu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Ventral Prefrontal Cortex

Reacquisition Deficits in Prism Adaptation After Muscimol Microinjection Into the Ventral Premotor Cortex of Monkeys

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1927-1938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurata ◽  
Eiji Hoshi
Keyword(s):  
Visual Field ◽  
Target Location ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Dorsal Premotor Cortex ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Target Locations

Reacquisition deficits in prism adaptation after muscimol microinjection into the ventral premotor cortex of monkeys. A small amount of muscimol (1 μl; concentration, 5 μg/μl) was injected into the ventral and dorsal premotor cortex areas (PMv and PMd, respectively) of monkeys, which then were required to perform a visually guided reaching task. For the task, the monkeys were required to reach for a target soon after it was presented on a screen. While performing the task, the monkeys’ eyes were covered with left 10°, right 10°, or no wedge prisms, for a block of 50–100 trials. Without the prisms, the monkeys reached the targets accurately. When the prisms were placed, the monkeys initially misreached the targets because the prisms displaced the visual field. Before the muscimol injection, the monkeys adapted to the prisms in 10–20 trials, judging from the horizontal distance between the target location and the point where the monkey touched the screen. After muscimol injection into the PMv, the monkeys lost the ability to readapt and touched the screen closer to the location of the targets as seen through the prisms. This deficit was observed at selective target locations, only when the targets were shifted contralaterally to the injected hemisphere. When muscimol was injected into the PMd, no such deficits were observed. There were no changes in the reaction and movement times induced by muscimol injections in either area. The results suggest that the PMv plays an important role in motor learning, specifically in recalibrating visual and motor coordinates.

scholarly journals Neural Basis for the Processes That Underlie Visually Guided and Internally Guided Force Control in Humans

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 3330-3340 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Vaillancourt ◽  
Keith R. Thulborn ◽  
Daniel M. Corcos
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Grip Force ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Motor Memory ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Visuomotor Transformation ◽  
Neural Basis

Despite an intricate understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying visual and motor systems, it is not completely understood in which brain regions humans transfer visual information into motor commands. Furthermore, in the absence of visual information, the retrieval process for motor memory information remains unclear. We report an investigation where visuomotor and motor memory processes were separated from only visual and only motor activation. Subjects produced precision grip force during a functional MRI (fMRI) study that included four conditions: rest, grip force with visual feedback, grip force without visual feedback, and visual feedback only. Statistical and subtractive logic analyses segregated the functional process maps. There were three important observations. First, along with the well-established parietal and premotor cortical network, the anterior prefrontal cortex, putamen, ventral thalamus, lateral cerebellum, intermediate cerebellum, and the dentate nucleus were directly involved in the visuomotor transformation process. This activation occurred despite controlling for the visual input and motor output. Second, a detailed topographic orientation of visuomotor to motor/sensory activity was mapped for the premotor cortex, parietal cortex, and the cerebellum. Third, the retrieval of motor memory information was isolated in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventral prefrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate. The motor memory process did not extend to the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the basal ganglia. These findings provide evidence in humans for a model where a distributed network extends over cortical and subcortical regions to control the visuomotor transformation process used during visually guided tasks. In contrast, a localized network in the prefrontal cortex retrieves force output from memory during internally guided actions.

scholarly journals Modulation of primary motor cortex outputs from ventral premotor cortex during visually guided grasp in the macaque monkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Prabhu ◽  
Hideki Shimazu ◽  
Gabriella Cerri ◽  
Thomas Brochier ◽  
Rachel L. Spinks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex

Making social neuroscience less WEIRD: Using fNIRS to measure neural signatures of persuasive influence in a Middle East participant sample

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Burns ◽  
Lianne N. Barnes ◽  
Ian A. McCulloh ◽  
Munqith M. Dagher ◽  
Emily B. Falk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Social Neuroscience ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Neuropsychological Functions ◽  
Arabic Speaking

The large majority of social neuroscience research uses WEIRD populations – participants from Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic locations. This makes it difficult to claim whether neuropsychological functions are universal or culture specific. In this study, we demonstrate one approach to addressing the imbalance by using portable neuroscience equipment in a study of persuasion conducted in Jordan with an Arabic-speaking sample. Participants were shown persuasive videos on various health and safety topics while their brain activity was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Self-reported persuasiveness ratings for each video were then recorded. Consistent with previous research conducted with American subjects, this work found that activity in the dorsomedial and ventromedial prefrontal cortex predicted how persuasive participants found the videos and how much they intended to engage in the messages’ endorsed behaviors. Further, activity in the left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex was associated with persuasiveness ratings, but only in participants for whom the message was personally relevant. Implications for these results on the understanding of the brain basis of persuasion and on future directions for neuroimaging in diverse populations are discussed.

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