scholarly journals Modulation of primary motor cortex outputs from ventral premotor cortex during visually guided grasp in the macaque monkey

2009 ◽  
Vol 587 (5) ◽  
pp. 1057-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Prabhu ◽  
Hideki Shimazu ◽  
Gabriella Cerri ◽  
Thomas Brochier ◽  
Rachel L. Spinks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex

Facilitation From Ventral Premotor Cortex of Primary Motor Cortex Outputs to Macaque Hand Muscles

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 832-842 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cerri ◽  
H. Shimazu ◽  
M. A. Maier ◽  
R. N. Lemon
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Macaque Monkey ◽  
Hand Muscles ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cortex Area ◽  
Light Sedation ◽  
Cortical Inputs ◽  
Motor Representations

We demonstrate that in the macaque monkey there is robust, short-latency facilitation by ventral premotor cortex (area F5) of motor outputs from primary motor cortex (M1) to contralateral intrinsic hand muscles. Experiments were carried out on two adult macaques under light sedation (ketamine plus medetomidine HCl). Facilitation of hand muscle electromyograms (EMG) was tested using arrays of fine intracortical microwires implanted, respectively, in the wrist/digit motor representations of F5 and M1, which were identified by previous mapping with intracortical microstimulation. Single pulses (70–200 μA) delivered to F5 microwires never evoked any EMG responses, but small responses were occasionally seen with double pulses (interval: 3 ms) at high intensity. However, both single- and double-pulse stimulation of F5 could facilitate the EMG responses evoked from M1 by single shocks. The facilitation was large (up to 4-fold with single and 12-fold with double F5 shocks) and occurred with an early onset, with significant effects at intervals of only 1–2 ms between conditioning F5 and test M1 stimuli. A number of possible pathways could be responsible for these effects, although it is argued that the most likely mechanism would be the facilitation, by cortico-cortical inputs from F5, of corticospinal I wave activity evoked from M1. This facilitatory action could be of considerable importance for the coupling of grasp-related neurons in F5 and M1 during visuomotor tasks.

Laterality of Movement-Related Activity Reflects Transformation of Coordinates in Ventral Premotor Cortex and Primary Motor Cortex of Monkeys

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 2008-2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Kurata
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Visuomotor Transformation ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Cortical Motor ◽  
Target Locations

The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys participate in various sensorimotor integrations, such as the transformation of coordinates from visual to motor space, because the areas contain movement-related neuronal activity reflecting either visual or motor space. In addition to relationship to visual and motor space, laterality of the activity could indicate stages in the visuomotor transformation. Thus we examined laterality and relationship to visual and motor space of movement-related neuronal activity in the PMv and MI of monkeys performing a fast-reaching task with the left or right arm, toward targets with visual and motor coordinates that had been dissociated by shift prisms. We determined laterality of each activity quantitatively and classified it into four types: activity that consistently depended on target locations in either head-centered visual coordinates (V-type) or motor coordinates (M-type) and those that had either differential or nondifferential activity for both coordinates (B- and N-types). A majority of M-type neurons in the areas had preferences for reaching movements with the arm contralateral to the hemisphere where neuronal activity was recorded. In contrast, most of the V-type neurons were recorded in the PMv and exhibited less laterality than the M-type. The B- and N-types were recorded in the PMv and MI and exhibited intermediate properties between the V- and M-types when laterality and correlations to visual and motor space of them were jointly examined. These results suggest that the cortical motor areas contribute to the transformation of coordinates to generate final motor commands.

Effects of Forced Use on the Ventral Premotor Cortex Distal Forelimb Representation After Ischemic Infarct in Primary Motor Cortex

PM&R ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. S158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn B. Frost ◽  
Daofen Chen ◽  
Scott Barbay ◽  
Kathleen M. Friel ◽  
Erik J. Plautz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Premotor Cortex ◽  
Ventral Premotor Cortex ◽  
Ischemic Infarct
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