Hyperosmolar Solutions Selectively Block Action Potentials in Rat Myelinated Sensory Fibers: Implications for Diabetic Neuropathy

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshizo Matsuka ◽  
Igor Spigelman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Action Potential ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Signal Propagation ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hyperosmolar Solutions

Diabetic neuropathy is a common complication of diabetes mellitus patients. It is a wide range of abnormalities affecting proximal and distal peripheral sensory and motor nerves. Although plasma hyperosmolality is a common finding in diabetes mellitus, the effects of hyperosmolality on conduction of various sensory signal components have not been addressed in detail. Here we show that in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) preparations from normal rats, hyperosmolar solutions (360 mmol/kg, containing increased glucose, sucrose, NaCl, or mannitol) produce a selective block of signal propagation in myelinated sensory A-fibers. In compound action potential (CAP) recordings with suction electrodes, peak A-fiber CAP amplitude was selectively decreased (20%), while the C-fiber peak remained intact or was slightly increased. Hyperosmolar solutions had smaller effects on conduction velocity (CV) of both A- and C-fibers (approximately 5% decrease). Hyperosmolality-induced CAP changes could not be observed during recordings from isolated spinal nerves but were evident during recordings from desheathed spinal nerves. In intracellular recordings, hyperosmolar solutions produced a block of spinal nerve-evoked action potential invasion into the somata of some A-fiber neurons. Removal of extracellular calcium completely prevented the hyperosmolality-induced CAP decreases. Based on these data, we propose that the decreased CAP amplitudes recorded in human patients and in animal models of diabetes are in part due to the effects of hyperosmolality and would depend on the extracellular osmolality at the time of sensory testing. We also hypothesize that hyperosmolality may contribute to both the sensory abnormalities (paresthesias) and the chronic pain symptoms of diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Croton zehntneri Prevents Conduction Alterations Produced by Diabetes Mellitus on Vagus Nerve

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 893
Author(s):  
Kerly Shamyra Silva-Alves ◽  
Francisco Walber Ferreira-da-Silva ◽  
Andrelina Noronha Coelho-de-Souza ◽  
José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Unmyelinated Fibers ◽  
Conduction Velocities ◽  
Compound Action

Autonomic diabetic neuropathy (ADN) is a complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), to which there is no specific treatment. In this study, the efficacy of the essential oil of Croton zehntneri (EOCz) in preventing ADN was evaluated in the rat vagus nerve. For the two fastest conducting myelinated types of axons of the vagus nerve, the conduction velocities and rheobase decreased, whilst the duration of the components of the compound action potential of these fibers increased. EOCz completely prevented these DM-induced alterations of the vagus nerve. Unmyelinated fibers were not affected. In conclusion, this investigation demonstrated that EOCz is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of ADN.

Polyneuronal Innervation of the Fast Muscles of the Marine Teleost Cottus Scorpius L

1969 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD C. L. HUDSON
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Marine Teleost ◽  
Spinal Nerves ◽  
Fast Muscles ◽  
Polyneuronal Innervation ◽  
Compound Action

1. Histological and electrophysiological studies of the spinal nerves, nerve roots and muscles of the abdominal wall of the marine teleost Cottus scorpius have been undertaken to determine the extent and nature of polyneuronal innervation of the fast muscles. 2. Spinal nerves at proximal and distal levels, and the dorsal roots, contain axons in a single mixed population with a mean diameter of 2-4 µm., while the ventral roots contain axons in two diameter classes with means at 4-6 and 12-14 µm. 3. Between 8 and 22 distributed nerve terminations were counted on fifty-two teased intact single muscle fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase activity. The average distance between the terminals is 0.64 mm. (range 0.094-2.050 mm.). 4. The compound action potential of the nerve comprises two principal peaks with conduction velocities of 17.0-23.8 m./sec. and 1.5-12.2 m./sec. at 10-12° C. 5. Fast muscle fibres gave two types of electrical response--all-or-none spike potentials that are propagated with a conduction velocity of c. I.I m.7/sec. at 10-120° C., and quantized distributed junction potentials. 6. The electrical properties of the nerves and roots suggest that the fast muscles are innervated by a single class of fast axons and possibly by a few slow axons. 7. Simultaneous recordings of nerve and muscle activities were made at different stimulus intensities. In all cases muscle responses were correlated with the first peak of the compound action potential, and appeared with the same or only slightly different latencies. 8. Each muscle fibre is shown electrophysiologically to be polyneuronally innervated by 2-5 axons from a single spinal nerve, and to receive a similar axonic complement from each of four spinal nerves. 9. Polyneuronal innervation of the muscle fibres by 8-22 different axons in the absence of multiterminal innervation is postulated.

Adenosine triphosphate and electrical activity in chicken vagus

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 818-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Dahl ◽  
Frederick E. Samson ◽  
William M. Balfour
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Vagus Nerves ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Energy Deprivation ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Compound Action

Chicken vagus nerves in vitro were placed in an atmosphere of nitrogen; some nerves were first immersed in iodoacetate to inhibit glycolysis. The electrical activity was observed and the nerves then chemically analyzed. The action potential reveals two populations of fibers, presumably nonmyelinated C fibers and small myelinated B fibers. Resting nerves in oxygen have 30 µm ATP/ g protein. In anoxia, ATP concentration and the compound action potential decrease rapidly; this occurs more rapidly when glycolysis is also inhibited. Electrical stimulation during energy deprivation decreases the spike height, conduction rate, and ATP proportionally to the amount of stimulation. The calculated ATP cost of activity is 540 pmoles/impulse per gram wet weight.

scholarly journals Cdk5-Dependent Phosphorylation of CaV3.2 T-Type Channels: Possible Role in Nerve Ligation-Induced Neuropathic Allodynia and the Compound Action Potential in Primary Afferent C Fibers

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly Gomez ◽  
Aida Calderón-Rivera ◽  
Alejandro Sandoval ◽  
Ricardo González-Ramírez ◽  
Alberto Vargas-Parada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Primary Afferent ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Compound Action

scholarly journals Effects of Melatonin on Diabetic Neuropathy and Retinopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Klausen Oliveira-Abreu ◽  
José Cipolla-Neto ◽  
José Henrique Leal-Cardoso
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
The Past ◽  
Inflammatory Agent ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Wide Range

Diabetes mellitus (DM) leads to complications, the majority of which are nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy. Redox imbalance and inflammation are important components of the pathophysiology of these complications. Many studies have been conducted to find a specific treatment for these neural complications, and some of them have investigated the therapeutic potential of melatonin (MEL), an anti-inflammatory agent and powerful antioxidant. In the present article, we review studies published over the past 21 years on the therapeutic efficacy of MEL in the treatment of DM-induced neural complications. Reports suggest that there is a real prospect of using MEL as an adjuvant treatment for hypoglycemic agents. However, analysis shows that there is a wide range of approaches regarding the doses used, duration of treatment, and treatment times in relation to the temporal course of DM. This wide range hinders an objective analysis of advances and prospective vision of the paths to be followed for the unequivocal establishment of parameters to be used in an eventual therapeutic validation of MEL in neural complications of DM.

Articaine is More Effective than Lidocaine or Mepivacaine in Rat Sensory Nerve Conduction Block in vitro

2006 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Potočnik ◽  
M. Tomšič ◽  
J. Sketelj ◽  
F.F. Bajrović
Keyword(s):  
Action Potential ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve ◽  
Sensory Nerve ◽  
Compound Action Potential ◽  
Complete Disappearance ◽  
Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block ◽  
C Fibers ◽  
Compound Action

The reasons for the relatively high failure rate after inferior alveolar nerve block in dentistry are not fully understood. Therefore, the effectiveness of different anesthetic solutions (2% and 4% lidocaine, 3% mepivacine, 2% and 4% articaine) in depressing the compound action potential amplitude of the sensory fibers in the rat sural nerve was examined under strictly controlled conditions in vitro. After application of an anesthetic solution and stimulation of the nerve with a supramaximal electrical stimulus, a complete disappearance of the compound action potential of the C fibers, but not of the A fibers, was observed in all the experimental groups. Both 2% and 4% articaine more effectively depressed the compound action potential of the A fibers than did other anesthetic solutions. These results are discussed in the light of recent clinical reports finding no differences in the effectiveness between 4% articaine and 2% lidocaine regarding the inferior alveolar nerve block.

scholarly journals A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON LITERATURE EVIDENCE, CLINICAL STUDIES AND PRACTICES OF HERBAL DRUGS FOR DIABETIC NEUROPATHY AND CARDIOMYOPATHY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Arshiya Shamim ◽  
Hefazat Hussain Siddiqui ◽  
Tarique Mahmood ◽  
Paramdeep Bagga ◽  
Ranjan Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Epidemic Disease ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Wide Range

  Diabetes mellitus is a worldwide epidemic disease that eventually advances to a chronic stage and affects different vital organs by intensifying the underlying pathological factors, and through the remodeling of the tissues by the generation of reactive oxygen species leading to the development of respective organ failure. Two such complications are painful neuropathy and cardiomyopathy; both of which are common and progressive complications of diabetes. The symptoms of peripheral neuropathy include tingling, burning, lancinating pain, hyperesthesia, and allodynia. The course of the disease progression may vary from intermittent, mild symptoms to severe chronic, and daily pain; which culminates into poor quality of life. Another complication of diabetes mellitus, diabetic cardiomyopathy, is defined as a ventricular dysfunction disorder that occurs in diabetic patients. The development of the disease is characterized by a hidden subclinical period, during which cellular, structural changes and abnormalities lead to diastolic dysfunction, followed by systolic dysfunction, and terminating into heart failure. Left ventricular hypertrophy, metabolic abnormalities, extracellular matrix changes, small vessel disease, cardiac autonomic neuropathy, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are the most important pathological advancements that lead to diabetic cardiomyopathy. Various pharmaceutical agents from different pharmacological categories have been proposed for the symptomatic treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy; however, it is a herculean task to select a drug due to the wide range of choices and lack of consistent guidelines for treatment. Similarly, treatment of cardiomyopathy is based on the general therapeutic rules of management of heart failure and no specifications have yet been addressed for this condition. Therefore, more studies are required to improve our knowledge of these complex syndromes. From this perspective, this review is designed to delineate a general overview of neuropathy and cardiomyopathy, referring to the conventional therapies in use and possible unconventional, natural, herbal, and safe treatments for both the above-mentioned complications of diabetes.

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