Visceromotor and Spinal Neuronal Responses to Colorectal Distension in Rats With Aldosterone Onto the Amygdala

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld ◽  
Robert D. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Descending Pathways ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Colorectal Distension ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Cholesterol Control ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
And Control

Stereotaxic delivery of corticosterone onto the amygdala produces colorectal hypersensitivity through activation of lumbosacral spinal neurons. Since corticosterone activates both the mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors, the aim of this study was to determine the importance of MRs in the regulation of colorectal hypersensitivity through the use of aldosterone that preferentially binds to MRs. Fischer-344 rats received either aldosterone ( n = 18)- or cholesterol (control, n = 18)-containing micropellets bilaterally placed stereotaxically on the dorsal margin of the amygdala. After 1 wk, colorectal sensitivity to distension (30 mmHg) was measured in a subgroup of rats ( n = 8/group). In other rats ( n = 10/group), extracellular potentials of single L6–S1 spinal neurons in response to colorectal distension (CRD; 10–80 mmHg) were recorded. In aldosterone-implanted rats, CRD produced a greater visceromotor behavioral response compared with cholesterol controls (19 ± 0.5 vs. 11.5 ± 2.7; P < 0.01). A total of 68/182 (37%) and 56/167 (34%) of spinal neurons responded to noxious CRD in aldosterone-implanted and control groups, respectively. A total of 36/42 (86%) neurons excited by CRD had spontaneous activity in aldosterone-implanted groups compared with control (19/33, 58%, P < 0.01). Neurons with low thresholds for excitatory responses to CRD were seen more frequently in aldosterone-implanted rats than those in the control group (35/39 vs. 18/31, P < 0.05). Maximal excitatory responses of neurons to CRD in aldosterone-implanted rats were significantly greater (23.9 ± 2.2 vs. 16.4 ± 2.0 imp/s, P < 0.05), and the durations were longer (34.3 ± 2.7 vs. 24.9 ± 1.4 s, P < 0.05) than those in control group. Finally, a greater number of neurons had wide dynamic range responses to somatic stimulation in aldosterone-treated rats compared with cholesterol controls. Our findings suggest that, in the amygdala, MR receptor–mediated mechanisms are likely involved in descending pathways onto lumbosacral spinal neurons that induce colorectal hypersensitivity to luminal distension.

Corticosterone Acts Directly at the Amygdala to Alter Spinal Neuronal Activity in Response to Colorectal Distension

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 1343-1352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld ◽  
Dean A. Myers ◽  
Robert D. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amygdaloid Nucleus ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Colorectal Distension ◽  
Cholesterol Control ◽  
Noxious Mechanical Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Administration of glucocorticoids to the amygdaloid nucleus facilitates visceromotor responses to colorectal distension in rats. The aim of this study was to determine if colorectal hypersensitivity develops through central modulation of spinal neuronal activity. Stereotaxic delivery of corticosterone ( n = 10) or cholesterol (control, n = 10) onto the dorsal margin of the amygdala was performed on male Fischer-344 rats. Seven days later, extracellular potentials of single L6-S1spinal neurons were examined for responses to colorectal distension (CRD, 20–80 mmHg, 20 s) in sodium pentobarbital anesthetized and paralyzed animals. The proportions of neurons that responded to noxious CRD in corticosterone-implanted (62/186, 33%) and cholesterol-implanted (55/163, 34%) animals were virtually identical. However, the mean excitatory response of spinal neurons to CRD in corticosterone-treated rats was significantly greater (26.7 ± 2.2 vs. 16.4 ± 1.8 imp/s, P < 0.01) and the duration was longer (37.0 ± 3.9 vs. 25.8 ± 1.5 s, P < 0.05) than in the control group. No significant differences were found in neural responses to nonnoxious and noxious mechanical stimulation of somatic fields between corticosterone-implanted and control groups. In conclusion, our data support the hypothesis that central stimulation of the amygdala by corticosterone sensitizes the lumbosacral spinal neurons that mediate visceromotor reflexes to CRD.

Spinal Neuronal Responses to Urinary Bladder Stimulation in Rats With Corticosterone or Aldosterone Onto the Amygdala

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 2180-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld ◽  
Robert D. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Excitatory Response ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Descending Modulation ◽  
Bladder Afferents ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Excitatory Responses

Elevating glucocorticoids in the amygdala produces colorectal hypersensitivity through activation of lumbosacral spinal neurons. The aim of this study was to determine if descending modulation from the amygdala affects spinal processing of input from urinary bladder afferents. Fischer-344 rats received cholesterol (inactive control)-, corticosterone-, or aldosterone-containing micropellets placed stereotaxically on the dorsal margin of the left and right amygdala ( n = 10 for each group). Seven days after amygdaloid implantation, extracellular potentials of single L6–S1 spinal neurons were examined for the responses to graded (0.5–2.0 ml, 20 s) urinary bladder distension (UBD). Spontaneous activity of neurons with excitatory responses to UBD in aldosterone-implanted rats [11.0 ± 1.7 (SE) imp/s], but not in corticosterone-implanted rats, was higher than in the cholesterol-implanted group (6.6 ± 1.1 imp/s, P < 0.05). Noxious UBD (1.5 ml) produced a greater excitatory response (21.6 ± 2.6 imp/s) in aldosterone-implanted rats compared with cholesterol- or corticosterone-implanted rats (15.1 ± 1.5 and 13.6 ± 1.4 imp/s; P < 0.05). In contrast, the duration of excitatory responses to UBD in corticosterone-implanted rats (38.5 ± 3.4 imp/s) was significantly longer than those in the aldosterone or control groups (26.8 ± 1.8 and 24.7 ± 1.5 imp/s). Neurons with low thresholds for excitatory responses to UBD were seen more frequently in aldosterone-implanted rats than in corticosterone or cholesterol treated rats (74 vs. 44% and 39%, P < 0.05). No difference in somatic field properties of spinal neurons responsive or nonresponsive to UBD was found among the three groups. These findings suggest that both mineralocorticoid- and glucocorticoid-mediated mechanisms in the amygdala are involved in descending modulation to lumbosacral spinal neurons receiving inputs from the urinary bladder; and this mechanism may play a role in the activation and maintenance of primary central sensitization to noxious visceral stimuli.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Stew Carrot (Daucus Carota. L) On Lowering Blood Cholesterol Levels of White Rat (Rattus Norvegicus)

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-291
Author(s):  
Misnanto Misnanto ◽  
Thatit Nurmawati
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Cholesterol Control ◽  
And Control

Hypercholesterolemia is a disease of cholesterol metabolism disorder caused by high bloodcholesterol. Chemical treatment is reported to have side effects in the long term. The purpose of thisstudy was to determine the effectiveness of carrot stew to decrease cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemicof rats.The design of this study used experimental randomized control-group pretest - post testdesign. The samples were divided into control and treatment groups, each group consisted 8 rats. Thetreatment used a carrot stew with 1.25cc dose and control with medication simvastatin 0144 cc dosewas given every morning for 3 days. The measurement of the cholesterol levels used Touch Essey dataanalysis by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney. The study started on May 15th - July 22, 2015.The results ofthe study showed the cholesterol control group decreased 12.5% (P = 0.069> á = 0.05) in the treatmentgroup and 50% (P = 0.716), On the statistical test showed no effect of carrot stew on blood cholesterollevels. While the results of the effect between treatment and control group (P = 0528> á = 0.05).Carrotswith beta-carotene could lower cholesterol levels in the blood, and could prevent the oxidation of LowDencity Lipoprotein (LDL). The absorption of beta-carotene was better when boiled in temperaturesbetween 60-100 ° C.

scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings of the Proximal Metacarpal Region in Warmblood Horses: 36 Lame and 26 Control Limbs (2015–2021)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth van Veggel ◽  
Kurt Selberg ◽  
Brenda van der Velde-Hoogelander ◽  
Nick Bolas ◽  
Katrien Vanderperren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Return To Work ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dorsal Margin ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Suspensory Ligament ◽  
Tissue Abnormalities ◽  
And Control

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the distribution and severity of bone and soft tissue lesions in the proximal metacarpal region of warmblood horses in lame and control groups. Correlation between lesions and ability to return to work was evaluated in the lame group.Methods: This restrospective analysis evaluated 62 horses with MRI examination of the proximal metacarpal region between Sept 2015 and Feb 2021. There were 36 lame limbs and 26 control limbs. The control group included seven contralateral limbs.Results: Proximal suspensory ligament (PSL) size was not different between the lame and control groups. Hyperintensity seen on T1W/T2*W GRE images within the dorsal collagenous part of the PSL and hyperintense Short-TI Inversion Recovery (STIR) signal within the dorsal collagenous part of the PSL or within the McIII were only present within the lame group. Palmar cortical McIII resorption and dorsal margin irregularity of the PSL and McIII sclerosis were more severe within the lame limbs, but mild gradations were also seen in control limbs. Intermediate gradings for a subset of lesions were commonly seen in the non-lame contralateral to lame limbs. Return to work in the lame group is not statistically different for any measured observation(s), and 19/33 of the lame horses returned to work at similar or higher levels.Conclusion and clinical importance: Fifty-eight percent in this group of warmblood horses returned to work within a variable time frame. The majority (81%) of lame limbs showed bone and soft tissue abnormalities, but no enlargement of the PSL was noted in lame horses, and no correlation was seen between the severity or type of lesions and the ability to return to work. The presence of STIR hyperintensity within the proximal McIII or dorsal collagenous part of the PSL and hyperintensity within the dorsal collagenous part of the PSL on T1W GRE and T2*W GRE images, as well as significant palmar cortical McIII resorption are considered clinically relevant lesions. Contralateral limbs may not truly represent the normal condition, showing nonclinical variations and adaptive remodeling.

scholarly journals Cross-organ sensitization of thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac input in rats with gastroesophageal reflux

2010 ◽  
Vol 298 (6) ◽  
pp. G934-G942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Qin ◽  
Anna P. Malykhina ◽  
Ann M. Thompson ◽  
Jay P. Farber ◽  
Robert D. Foreman
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Gastroesophageal Junction ◽  
Gastric Fundus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Spinal Neurons ◽  
Thoracic Spinal ◽  
Afferent Fibers ◽  
Excitatory Responses ◽  
Upper Thoracic

Gastroesophageal reflux (GER) frequently triggers or worsens cardiac pain or symptoms in patients with coronary heart disease. This study aimed to determine whether GER enhances the activity of upper thoracic spinal neurons receiving noxious cardiac input. Gastric fundus and pyloric ligations as well as a longitudinal myelotomy at the gastroesophageal junction induced acute GER in pentobarbital-anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated male Sprague-Dawley rats. Manual manipulations of the stomach and lower esophagus were used as surgical controls in another group. At 4–9 h after GER surgery, extracellular potentials of single neurons were recorded from the T3 spinal segment. Intrapericardial bradykinin (IB) (10 μg/ml, 0.2 ml, 1 min) injections were used to activate cardiac nociceptors, and esophageal distensions were used to activate esophageal afferent fibers. Significantly more spinal neurons in the GER group responded to IB compared with the control group (69.1 vs. 38%, P < 0.01). The proportion of IB-responsive neurons in the superficial laminae of GER animals was significantly different from those in deeper layers (1/8 vs. 46/60, P < 0.01); no difference was found in control animals (7/25 vs. 20/46, P > 0.05). Excitatory responses of spinal neurons to IB in the GER group were greater than in the control group [32.4 ± 3.5 impulses (imp)/s vs. 13.3 ± 2.3 imp/s, P < 0.01]. Forty-five of 47 (95.7%) neurons responded to cardiac input and ED, which was higher than the control group (61.5%, P < 0.01). These results indicate that acute GER enhanced the excitatory responses of thoracic spinal neurons in deeper laminae of the dorsal horn to noxious cardiac stimulus.

Conjugated Linoleic Acid Causes a Marked Increase in Liver α-Tocopherol and Liver α-Tocopherol Transfer Protein in C57BL/6 J Mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei-Min Chao ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Chen ◽  
Chun-Huei Liao ◽  
Huey-Mei Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Transfer Protein ◽  
And Control

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a collective term for the positional and geometric isomers of a conjugated diene of linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6). The aims of the present study were to evaluate whether levels of hepatic α-tocopherol, α-tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP), and antioxidant enzymes in mice were affected by a CLA-supplemented diet. C57BL/6 J mice were divided into the CLA and control groups, which were fed, respectively, a 5 % fat diet with or without 1 g/100 g of CLA (1:1 mixture of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) for four weeks. α-Tocopherol levels in plasma and liver were significantly higher in the CLA group than in the control group. Liver α-TTP levels were also significantly increased in the CLA group, the α-TTP/β-actin ratio being 2.5-fold higher than that in control mice (p<0.01). Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances were significantly decreased in the CLA group (p<0.01). There were no significant differences between the two groups in levels of three antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase). The accumulation of liver α-tocopherol seen with the CLA diet can be attributed to the antioxidant potential of CLA and the ability of α-TTP induction. The lack of changes in antioxidant enzyme protein levels and the reduced lipid peroxidation in the liver of CLA mice are due to α-tocopherol accumulation.

TEACHING READING BY UTILIZING HOT POTATOES SOFTWARE TOWARD STUDENTS’ READING COMPREHENSION OF DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Abdullah Farih
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Teaching Reading ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
And Control

The objective of this study is to measure whether there is or not significant effect of teaching reading by utilizing Hot Potatoes software toward students’ reading comprehension of descriptive text. The variables used were the teaching treatment of Hot Potatoes Software as the independent variable and the students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text as dependent variable. Then, the research designed was Quasi-experimental design and the presentation of data used was quantitative. The data were obtained from the eleventh grade, of which 28 students were taken as sample. The students are divided into two groups; experiment group consisted of 12 students and control group consists of 16 students. To get the data, the pre-test and post-test were applied and then analyzed using t-test formula. The researcher had concluded that there is Significant effect of Hot Potatoes Software toward the students’ reading comprehension achievement. The result showed that mean of students’ post-test was increased. It is proved by the t-test (8.54) which is higher than t-table (2.05) at level of significance 5%. It means that the alternative hypothesis was accepted and it proved that Hot Potatoes Software had significant effect toward students’ reading comprehension of Descriptive Text

Perbandingan Efek Suplementasi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Dan Tanpa Vitamin C Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Dengan Usiakehamilan 16-32 Minggu Di Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Siti Asiyah ◽  
Dwi Estuning Rahayu ◽  
Wiranti Dwi Novita Isnaeni
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fetal Organ ◽  
And Control

The needed of Iron Tablet in pregnancy was increase than mother who not pregnant.  That  cause of  high metabolism at the pregnancy for formed of  fetal organ and energy. One of effort for prevent anemia in mother pregnant with giving the Iron tablet and vitamin c. The reason of  this research in 4 June – 11 July 2014 is for compare the effect of  iron tablet suplementation with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks In Desa Keniten Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. This research method using comparative analytical.  Research design type of Quasy Eksperiment that have treatment group and control group. Treatment group will giving by Iron tablet and 100 mg vitamin C, and control group just giving by iron tablet during 21 days. Population in this research are all of mother pregnant with Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks with Sampling technique is  cluster random sampling is 29 mother pregnant. Comparison analysis of  iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks, data analysis using Mann Whitney U-test and the calculated U value (44,5) less than U-table (51). So there was difference of iron tablet suplementation effect with and without vitamin C toward Hemoglobin level in mother pregnant With Gestational Age Of 16-32 Weeks Therefore, the addition of vitamin C on iron intake is needed to increase the uptake of iron tablets. When the amount of iron uptake increases, the reserves of iron in the body will also increase, so as to prevent anemia in pregnant women; Keywords : Iron Tablet (Fe), Vitamin C, Hemoglobin level, Mother Pregnant

PENGARUH PENDEKATAN APTITUDE TREATMENT INTERACTION (ATI) TERHADAP PEMAHAMAN KONSEP MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 25 PEKANBARU

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Herlina '
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Aptitude Treatment Interaction ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
And Control

This research intent to see how big influence of approaching aptitude treatment interaction (ATI) to mathematics concept grasp student brazes VIII SMP Country 25 Pekanbaru. This research constitute my research experiment attention. Subjec in observational it is student braze VIII4 as agglomerate as experiment by totals student 40 person and VIII3'S classes as agglomerate as controls by totals students 40. Base analisis data to pretes's score to know student startup ability on agglomerate experiment and control group. On student experiment group that will study by ATI'S approaching has average early learned result mathematics (pretes) as big as 17,15. Meanwhile on group controls student who will study by ordinary learning (conventional) have average early learned result mathematics (pretes) as big as 13,85. Analisis is data to postes's score on agglomerate learned student experiment with ATI'S approaching has average final learned result mathematics (postes) as big as 74,63. Meanwhile on group controls learned student with ordinary learning (conventional) have average final learned result mathematics (postes) as big as 62,93. Of quiz result distinctive both of average usufruct to study mathematics finals (postes) that points out that there is difference which signifikan among both of experiment class with control class.Keywords: aptitude treatment interaction (ATI), mathematics concept

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