Validity of combining heart rate and uniaxial acceleration to measure free-living physical activity energy expenditure in young men

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (11) ◽  
pp. 1763-1771 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Villars ◽  
A. Bergouignan ◽  
J. Dugas ◽  
E. Antoun ◽  
D. A. Schoeller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Individual Calibration ◽  
Old Men ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Combining accelerometry (ACC) with heart rate (HR) monitoring is thought to improve activity energy expenditure (AEE) estimations compared with ACC alone to evaluate the validity of ACC and HR used alone or combined. The purpose of this study was to estimate AEE in free-living conditions compared with doubly labeled water (DLW). Ten-day free-living AEE was measured by a DLW protocol in 35 18- to 55-yr-old men (11 lean active; 12 lean sedentary; 12 overweight sedentary) wearing an Actiheart (combining ACC and HR) and a RT3 accelerometer. AEE was estimated using group or individual calibration of the HR/AEE relationship, based on an exercise-tolerance test. In a subset ( n = 21), AEE changes (ΔAEE) were measured after 1 mo of detraining (active subjects) or an 8-wk training (sedentary subjects). Actiheart-combined ACC/HR estimates were more accurate than estimates from HR or ACC alone. Accuracy of the Actiheart group-calibrated ACC/HR estimates was modest [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.62], with no bias but high root mean square error (RMSE) and limits of agreement (LOA). The mean bias of the estimates was reduced by one-third, like RMSE and LOA, by individual calibration (ICC = 0.81). Contrasting with group-calibrated estimates, the Actiheart individual-calibrated ACC/HR estimates explained 40% of the variance of the DLW-ΔAEE (ICC = 0.63). This study supports a good level of agreement between the Actiheart ACC/HR estimates and DLW-measured AEE in lean and overweight men with varying fitness levels. Individual calibration of the HR/AEE relationship is necessary for AEE estimations at an individual level rather than at group scale and for ΔAEE evaluation.

scholarly journals Critical evaluation of the factorial and heart-rate recording methods for the determination of energy expenditure of free-living elderly people

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 709-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Morio ◽  
Patrick Ritz ◽  
Elisabeth Verdier ◽  
Christophe Montaurier ◽  
Bernard Beaufrere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
Recording Method ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Free Living Conditions

The aim of the present study was to validate against the doubly-labelled water (DLW) technique the factorial method and the heart rate (HR) recording method for determining daily energy expenditure (DEE) of elderly people in free-living conditions. The two methods were first calibrated and validated in twelve healthy subjects (six males and six females; 70·1 (sd 2·7) years) from opencircuit whole-body indirect calorimetry measurements during three consecutive days and during 1 d respectively. Mean energy costs of the various usual activities were determined for each subject using the factorial method, and individual relationships were set up between HR and energy expenditure for the HR recording method. In free-living conditions, DEE was determined over the same period of time by the DLW, the factorial and the HR recording methods during 17, 14 and 4 d respectively. Mean free-living DEE values for men estimated using the DLW, the factorial and the HR recording methods were 12·8 (sd 3·1), 12·7 (sd 2·2) and 13·5 (sd 2·7) MJ/d respectively. Mean free-living DEE values for women were 9·6 (sd 0·8), 8·8 (sd 1·2) and 10·2 (sd 1·5) MJ/d respectively. No significant differences were found between the three methods for either sex, using the Bland & Altman (1986) test. Mean differences in DEE of men were -0·9 (sd 11·8) % between the factorial and DLW methods, and +4·7 (sd 16·1) % between the HR recording and DLW methods. Similarly, in women, mean differences were -7·7 (sd 12·7) % between the factorial and DLW methods, and +5·9 (sd 8·8) % between the HR recording and DLW methods. It was concluded that the factorial and the HR recording methods are satisfactory alternatives to the DLW method when considering the mean DEE of a group of subjects. Furthermore, mean energy costs of activities calculated in the present study using the factorial method were shown to be suitable for determining free-living DEE of elderly people when the reference value (i.e. sleeping metabolic rate) is accurately measured.

scholarly journals Evaluations of Actiheart, IDEEA® and RT3 monitors for estimating activity energy expenditure in free-living women

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Löf ◽  
Hanna Henriksson ◽  
Elisabet Forsum
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Free Living Conditions

AbstractActivity energy expenditure (AEE) during free-living conditions can be assessed using devices based on different principles. To make proper comparisons of different devices' capacities to assess AEE, they should be evaluated in the same population. Thus, in the present study we evaluated, in the same group of subjects, the ability of three devices to assess AEE in groups and individuals during free-living conditions. In twenty women, AEE was assessed using RT3 (three-axial accelerometry) (AEERT3), Actiheart (a combination of heart rate and accelerometry) (AEEActi) and IDEEA (a multi-accelerometer system) (AEEIDEEA). Reference AEE (AEEref) was assessed using the doubly labelled water method and indirect calorimetry. Average AEEActi was 5760 kJ per 24 h and not significantly different from AEEref (5020 kJ per 24 h). On average, AEERT3 and AEEIDEEA were 2010 and 1750 kJ per 24 h lower than AEEref, respectively (P < 0·001). The limits of agreement (± 2 sd) were 2940 (Actiheart), 1820 (RT3) and 2650 (IDEEA) kJ per 24 h. The variance for AEERT3 was lower than for AEEActi (P = 0·006). The RT3 classified 60 % of the women in the correct activity category while the corresponding value for IDEEA and Actiheart was 30 %. In conclusion, the Actiheart may be useful for groups and the RT3 for individuals while the IDEEA requires further development. The results are likely to be relevant for a large proportion of Western women of reproductive age and demonstrate that the procedure selected to assess physical activity can greatly influence the possibilities to uncover important aspects regarding interactions between physical activity, diet and health.

scholarly journals Assessment of the heart-rate method for determining energy expenditure in man, using a whole-body calorimeter

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Dauncey ◽  
W. P. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Light Activity ◽  
Rate Method ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Activity Energy

1. The heart-rate (HR) method for determining the energy expenditure of free-living subjects has been evaluated using a whole-body calorimete in which individuals lived continuously for 27 h while carrying out normal daily activities. Eight male volunteers each occupied the calorimeter on at least two occasions when HR and energy expenditure were measured continously.2. After each session in the calorimeter a calibration was obtained using standard techniques by determining HR and heat production (HP) over periods of 10–15 min at several levels of activity. Energy expenditure in the calorimeter was then predicted, by each of five methods, from the mean HR in the calorimeter. Additionally, one session in the calorimeter was used to obtain a calibration and was used for predicting the subject's energy expenditure while in the calorimeter on other occasions.3. Standard methods of prediction using one calibration point at rest and several points during activity were unreliable for predicting the energy expenditure of an individual. The 24 h HR was at the lower end of the calibration scale and there were considerable over-estimates or underestimates of energy expenditure, particularly during the night when the mean (±SD) difference between the actual and predicted HP was −66±38±6%. A linear regression fitted to points at the lower levels of activity improved the prediction of 24 h HP while a logistic plot reduced the error even further. The best estimate of energy expenditure was that obtained from a calibration over 24 h within the calorimeter; the mean (±SD) difference between the actual and predicted 24 h HP was +3+10.5% for light activity and −3±6.7% for moderate activity. Thus current procedures for calibrating subjects may lead to large errors which could be reduced by using a respiratory chamber.

Validation of the RT3 Accelerometer for Measuring Physical Activity of Children in Simulated Free-Living Conditions

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Xiaoqian Sun ◽  
Gordon Schmidt ◽  
Sock Miang Teo-Koh
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Outdoor Test ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Free Living Conditions

This is a validation study of the RT3 accelerometer for measuring physical activities of children in simulated free-living conditions. Twenty-five children age 12–14 years completed indoor testing, and 18 of them completed outdoor testing. Activity counts from the RT3 accelerometer estimated activity energy expenditure (AEE) and the Cosmed K4b2 analyzer measured oxygen uptake. Correlations were found between activity counts and metabolic cost (r = .95, p < .001), metabolic cost and RT3 estimated AEE (r = .96, p < .001) in the indoor test, activity counts and RT3 estimated AEE (r = .97, p < .001) in the outdoor test, and activity counts and metabolic cost when all activities were combined (r = .77, p < .001). Results indicate that the RT3 accelerometer might be used to provide acceptable estimates of free-living physical activity in children.

Validation of Combined Heart Rate and Movement Sensing to Estimate Free-living Physical Activity Energy Expenditure

2007 ◽  
Vol 39 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S26
Author(s):  
Soren Brage ◽  
Ulf Ekelund ◽  
Paul W. Franks ◽  
Mark A. Hennings ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Energy

scholarly journals Review of Validity and Reliability of Garmin Activity Trackers

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly R. Evenson ◽  
Camden L. Spade
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Activity Trackers ◽  
Wide Variability ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Purpose: A systematic review to summarize the validity and reliability of steps, distance, energy expenditure, speed, elevation, heart rate, and sleep assessed by Garmin activity trackers. Methods: Searches included studies published through December 31, 2018. Correlation coefficients (CC) were assessed as low (<0.60), moderate (0.60 to <0.75), good (0.75 to <0.90), or excellent (≥0.90). Mean absolute percentage errors (MAPE) were assessed as acceptable at <5% in controlled conditions and <10% for free-living conditions. Results: Overall, 32 studies of adults documented validity. Four of these studies also documented reliability. The sample size ranged from 1–95 for validity and 4–31 for reliability testing. Step inter- and intra-reliability was good-to-excellent and speed intra-reliability was excellent. No other features were explored for reliability. Step validity, across 16 studies, generally indicated good-to-excellent CC and acceptable MAPE. Distance validity, tested in three studies, generally indicated poor CC and MAPE that exceeded acceptable limits, with both over and underestimation. Energy expenditure validity, across 12 studies, generally indicated wide variability in CC and MAPE that exceeded acceptable limits. Heart rate validity in five studies had low-to-excellent CC and all MAPE exceeded acceptable limits. Speed, elevation, and sleep validity were assessed in only one or two studies each; for sleep, the criterion relied on self-report rather than polysomnography. Conclusion: This systematic review of Garmin activity trackers among adults indicated higher validity of steps; few studies on speed, elevation, and sleep; and lower validity for distance, energy expenditure, and heart rate. Intra- and inter-device feature reliability needs further testing.

scholarly journals Prior automatic posture and activity identification improves physical activity energy expenditure prediction from hip-worn triaxial accelerometry

2018 ◽  
Vol 124 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garnotel ◽  
T. Bastian ◽  
H. M. Romero-Ugalde ◽  
A. Maire ◽  
J. Dugas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Physical Activity Energy Expenditure ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Automatic Activity ◽  
Activity Energy ◽  
Free Living Conditions ◽  
Variance Explained

Accelerometry is increasingly used to quantify physical activity (PA) and related energy expenditure (EE). Linear regression models designed to derive PAEE from accelerometry-counts have shown their limits, mostly due to the lack of consideration of the nature of activities performed. Here we tested whether a model coupling an automatic activity/posture recognition (AAR) algorithm with an activity-specific count-based model, developed in 61 subjects in laboratory conditions, improved PAEE and total EE (TEE) predictions from a hip-worn triaxial-accelerometer (ActigraphGT3X+) in free-living conditions. Data from two independent subject groups of varying body mass index and age were considered: 20 subjects engaged in a 3-h urban-circuit, with activity-by-activity reference PAEE from combined heart-rate and accelerometry monitoring (Actiheart); and 56 subjects involved in a 14-day trial, with PAEE and TEE measured using the doubly-labeled water method. PAEE was estimated from accelerometry using the activity-specific model coupled to the AAR algorithm (AAR model), a simple linear model (SLM), and equations provided by the companion-software of used activity-devices (Freedson and Actiheart models). AAR-model predictions were in closer agreement with selected references than those from other count-based models, both for PAEE during the urban-circuit (RMSE = 6.19 vs 7.90 for SLM and 9.62 kJ/min for Freedson) and for EE over the 14-day trial, reaching Actiheart performances in the latter (PAEE: RMSE = 0.93 vs. 1.53 for SLM, 1.43 for Freedson, 0.91 MJ/day for Actiheart; TEE: RMSE = 1.05 vs. 1.57 for SLM, 1.70 for Freedson, 0.95 MJ/day for Actiheart). Overall, the AAR model resulted in a 43% increase of daily PAEE variance explained by accelerometry predictions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Although triaxial accelerometry is widely used in free-living conditions to assess the impact of physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) on health, its precision and accuracy are often debated. Here we developed and validated an activity-specific model which, coupled with an automatic activity-recognition algorithm, improved the variance explained by the predictions from accelerometry counts by 43% of daily PAEE compared with models relying on a simple relationship between accelerometry counts and EE.

scholarly journals Comparison of the TriTrac-R3D accelerometer and a self-report activity diary with heart-rate monitoring for the assessment of energy expenditure in children

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Rodriguez ◽  
L. Béghin ◽  
L. Michaud ◽  
L. A. Moreno ◽  
D. Turck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Activity Diary ◽  
Free Living Conditions

Determining total energy expenditure (EE) in children under free-living conditions has become of increasingly clinical interest. The aim of this study was to compare three different methods to assess EE triaxial accelerometry (TriTrac-R3D; Professional Products, Division of Reining International, Madison, WI, USA), activity diary and heart-rate (HR) monitoring combined with indirect calorimetry (IC). Twenty non-obese children and adolescents, aged 5.5 to 16.0 years, participated in this study. Results from the three methods were collected simultaneously under free-living conditions during the same 24 h schoolday period. Neither activity diary (5904 (SD 1756) KJ) NOR THE TRITRAC-R3D (6389 (sd 979) kJ) showed statistical differences in 24 h total EE compared with HR monitoring (5965 (sd 1911) kJ). When considering different physical activity (PA) periods, compared with HR monitoring, activity diary underestimates total EE during sedentary periods (P<0·001) and overestimates total EE and PA-EE during PA periods (P<0·001) because of the high energy cost equivalence of activity levels. The TriTrac-R3D, compared with HR monitoring, shows good agreement for assessing PA-EE during PA periods (mean difference +0·25 (sd 1·9) kJ/min; 95 % CI for the bias -0·08, 0·58), but underestimates PA-EE and it does not show good precision during sedentary periods (-0·87 (sd 1·4) kJ/min, P<0·001). Correlation between the vector magnitude generated by the TriTrac-R3D accelerometer and EE of activities derived from HR monitoring is high. When compared with the HR method, the TriTrac-R3D and activity diary are not systematically accurate and must be carefully used for the assessment of children's EE depending on the purpose of each study.

scholarly journals Review of Prediction Models to Estimate Activity-Related Energy Expenditure in Children and Adolescents

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne M. de Graauw ◽  
Janke F. de Groot ◽  
Marco van Brussel ◽  
Marjolein F. Streur ◽  
Tim Takken
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Accurate Estimate ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Triaxial Accelerometer ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water

Purpose. To critically review the validity of accelerometry-based prediction models to estimate activity energy expenditure (AEE) in children and adolescents.Methods. The CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed/MEDLINE databases were searched. Inclusion criteria were development or validation of an accelerometer-based prediction model for the estimation of AEE in healthy children or adolescents (6–18 years), criterion measure: indirect calorimetry, or doubly labelled water, and language: Dutch, English or German.Results. Nine studies were included. Median methodological quality was5.5±2.0 IR (out of a maximum 10 points). Prediction models combining heart rate and counts explained 86–91% of the variance in measured AEE. A prediction model based on a triaxial accelerometer explained 90%. Models derived during free-living explained up to 45%.Conclusions. Accelerometry-based prediction models may provide an accurate estimate of AEE in children on a group level. Best results are retrieved when the model combines accelerometer counts with heart rate or when a triaxial accelerometer is used. Future development of AEE prediction models applicable to free-living scenarios is needed.

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