Does SIRT1 determine exercise-induced skeletal muscle mitochondrial biogenesis: differences between in vitro and in vivo experiments?

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 926-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendon J. Gurd ◽  
Jonathan P. Little ◽  
Christopher G. R. Perry
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Exercise Induced

scholarly journals The Extract of Arctium lappa L. Fruit (Arctii Fructus) Improves Cancer-Induced Cachexia by Inhibiting Weight Loss of Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3195
Author(s):  
Yo-Han Han ◽  
Jeong-Geon Mun ◽  
Hee Dong Jeon ◽  
Dae Hwan Yoon ◽  
Byung-Min Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Cachexia ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Wasting Syndrome

Background: Cachexia induced by cancer is a systemic wasting syndrome and it accompanies continuous body weight loss with the exhaustion of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. Cancer cachexia is not only a problem in itself, but it also reduces the effectiveness of treatments and deteriorates quality of life. However, effective treatments have not been found yet. Although Arctii Fructus (AF) has been studied about several pharmacological effects, there were no reports on its use in cancer cachexia. Methods: To induce cancer cachexia in mice, we inoculated CT-26 cells to BALB/c mice through subcutaneous injection and intraperitoneal injection. To mimic cancer cachexia in vitro, we used conditioned media (CM), which was CT-26 colon cancer cells cultured medium. Results: In in vivo experiments, AF suppressed expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and atrophy of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. As a result, the administration of AF decreased mortality by preventing weight loss. In adipose tissue, AF decreased expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) by restoring AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. In in vitro model, CM increased muscle degradation factors and decreased adipocytes differentiation factors. However, these tendencies were ameliorated by AF treatment in C2C12 myoblasts and 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our study demonstrated that AF could be a therapeutic supplement for patients suffering from cancer cachexia.

The biological roles of exercise-induced cytokines: IL-6, IL-8, and IL-15

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Rinnov Nielsen ◽  
Bente Klarlund Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Glucose Disposal ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Net Release

Skeletal muscle fibers express several cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-15. Solid evidence exists that muscular IL-6 and IL-8 are regulated by muscle contractions, at both the mRNA and the protein levels. IL-6 increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal and fatty acid oxidation in humans in vivo. Both IL-6 and IL-8 are released from working skeletal muscle, but because IL-6 contributes to the systemic circulation only a small transient net release of IL-8 is found from working muscle, suggesting that IL-8 may exert its effects locally in the muscle. IL-15 is a recently discovered growth factor, which is highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Interestingly, although IL-15 has been demonstrated as having anabolic effects on skeletal muscle in vitro and in vivo, it seems to play a role in reducing adipose tissue mass, and a role for IL-15 in muscle–fat cross-talk has been hypothesized. In conclusion, muscle-derived cytokines appear to have important roles in metabolism, and exercise plays a role in orchestrating the interplay between cytokines and metabolism.

scholarly journals Estradiol stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle

2014 ◽  
Vol 221 (3) ◽  
pp. 391-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Capllonch-Amer ◽  
Miquel Sbert-Roig ◽  
Bel M Galmés-Pascual ◽  
Ana M Proenza ◽  
Isabel Lladó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Cultured Myotubes

Sexual dimorphism has been found in mitochondrial features of skeletal muscle, with female rats showing greater mitochondrial mass and function compared with males. Adiponectin is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine whose expression has been related to mitochondrial function and that is also expressed in skeletal muscle, where it exerts local metabolic effects. The aim of this research was to elucidate the role of sex hormones in modulation of mitochondrial function, as well as its relationship with adiponectin production in rat skeletal muscle. Anin vivostudy with ovariectomized Wistar rats receiving or not receiving 17β-estradiol (E2) (10 μg/kg per 48 h for 4 weeks) was carried out, in parallel with an assay of cultured myotubes (L6E9) treated with E2(10 nM), progesterone (Pg; 1 μM), or testosterone (1 μM). E2upregulated the markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and dynamics, and also of mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle and L6E9. Althoughin vivoE2supplementation only partially restored the decreased adiponectin expression levels induced by ovariectomy, these were enhanced by E2and Pg treatment in cultured myotubes, whereas testosterone showed no effects. Adiponectin receptor 1 expression was increased by E2treatment, bothin vivoandin vitro, but testosterone decreased it. In conclusion, our results are in agreement with the sexual dimorphism previously reported in skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and indicate E2to be its main effector, as it enhances mitochondrial function and diminishes oxidative stress. Moreover, our data support the idea of the existence of a link between mitochondrial function and adiponectin expression in skeletal muscle, which could be modulated by sex hormones.

Evidence for Abnormal Na+/H+ Antiport Activity Detected by Phosphorus Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Exercising Skeletal Muscle of Patients with Essential Hypertension

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. K. Dudley ◽  
D. J. Taylor ◽  
L. L. Ng ◽  
G. J. Kemp ◽  
P. J. Ratcliffe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Essential Hypertension ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Isotonic Exercise ◽  
Muscle Ph ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Acid Loading

1. Exercise-induced pH changes in skeletal muscle were studied in a group of eight subjects with essential hypertension by using 31P n.m.r. spectroscopy. 2. Leucocyte Na+/H+ antiport activity was measured in vitro in the same subjects using a pH-sensitive fluorescent dye. 3. Resting skeletal muscle pH and unstimulated leucocyte pH values were similar to those in control subjects, but increased Na+/H+ antiport activity was demonstrated in the leucocytes from hypertensive subjects by acid loading in vitro. Decreased skeletal muscle acidification and an increased rate of pH recovery was also demonstrated in vivo in these same patients during an acid load induced by isotonic exercise. 4. These findings suggest that the increased cellular Na+/H+ antiport activity, which has been demonstrated in vitro in essential hypertension, also affects the biochemical response of skeletal muscle to physiological levels of exercise. This strengthens the argument that increased Na+/H+ antiport activity in hypertension is a generalized and physiologically relevant cellular abnormality.

ANTITUMOR EFFECT OF COLLOIDAL SILVER BISILICATE IN EXPERIMENTAL IN VITRO AND IN VIVO STUDIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 760-765
Author(s):  
Margarita Tyndyk ◽  
Irina Popovich ◽  
A. Malek ◽  
R. Samsonov ◽  
N. Germanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antitumor Activity ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ehrlich Carcinoma ◽  
In Vivo Experiments

The paper presents the results of the research on the antitumor activity of a new drug - atomic clusters of silver (ACS), the colloidal solution of nanostructured silver bisilicate Ag6Si2O7 with particles size of 1-2 nm in deionized water. In vitro studies to evaluate the effect of various ACS concentrations in human tumor cells cultures (breast cancer, colon carcinoma and prostate cancer) were conducted. The highest antitumor activity of ACS was observed in dilutions from 2.7 mg/l to 5.1 mg/l, resulting in the death of tumor cells in all studied cell cultures. In vivo experiments on transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice consuming 0.75 mg/kg ACS with drinking water revealed significant inhibition of tumor growth since the 14th day of experiment (maximally by 52% on the 28th day, p < 0.05) in comparison with control. Subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg ACS inhibited Ehrlich's tumor growth on the 7th and 10th days of the experiment (p < 0.05) as compared to control.

scholarly journals Plant-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: Current Findings,Challenges, and Future Applications

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 411
Author(s):  
Nader Kameli ◽  
Anya Dragojlovic-Kerkache ◽  
Paul Savelkoul ◽  
Frank R. Stassen
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Protocol Standardization ◽  
Insight Into

In recent years, plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have gained the interest of many experts in fields such as microbiology and immunology, and research in this field has exponentially increased. These nano-sized particles have provided researchers with a number of interesting findings, making their application in human health and disease very promising. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments have shown that PDEVs can exhibit a multitude of effects, suggesting that these vesicles may have many potential future applications, including therapeutics and nano-delivery of compounds. While the preliminary results are promising, there are still some challenges to face, such as a lack of protocol standardization, as well as knowledge gaps that need to be filled. This review aims to discuss various aspects of PDEV knowledge, including their preliminary findings, challenges, and future uses, giving insight into the complexity of conducting research in this field.

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