scholarly journals Effects of endurance exercise training, metformin, and their combination on adipose tissue leptin and IL-10 secretion in OLETF rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel ◽  
David S. Bayless ◽  
Jeffrey S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Long Evans

Adipose tissue inflammation plays a role in cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The interactive effects of exercise training and metformin, two first-line T2DM treatments, on adipose tissue inflammation are not known. Using the hyperphagic, obese, insulin-resistant Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model, we tested the hypothesis that treadmill training, metformin, or a combination of these reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue. Compared with Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) control rats (L-Sed), sedentary OLETF (O-Sed) animals secreted significantly greater amounts of leptin from retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Conversely, secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 by O-Sed adipose tissue was lower than that in L-Sed animals. Examination of leptin and IL-10 secretion from adipose tissue in OLETF groups treated with endurance exercise training (O-EndEx), metformin treatment (O-Met), and a combination of these (O-E+M) from 20 to 32 wk of age indicated that 1) leptin secretion from adipose tissue was reduced in O-Met and O-E+M, but not O-EndEx animals; 2) adipose tissue IL-10 secretion was increased in O-EndEx and O-E+M but not in O-Met animals; and 3) only the combined treatment (O-E+M) displayed both a reduction in leptin secretion and an increase in IL-10 secretion. Leptin and IL-10 concentrations in adipose tissue–conditioned buffers were correlated with their plasma concentrations, adipocyte diameters, and total adiposity. Overall, this study indicates that exercise training and metformin have additive influences on adipose tissue secretion and plasma concentrations of leptin and IL-10.

Endurance exercise training increases insulin responsiveness in isolated adipocytes through IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney B. Peres ◽  
Solange M. Franzói de Moraes ◽  
Cecilia E. M. Costa ◽  
Luciana C. Brito ◽  
Julie Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Pi3 Kinase ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes

Endurance exercise training promotes important metabolic adaptations, and the adipose tissue is particularly affected. The aim of this study was to investigate how endurance exercise training modulates some aspects of insulin action in isolated adipocytes and in intact adipose tissue. Male Wistar rats were submitted to daily treadmill running (1 h/day) for 7 wk. Sedentary age-matched rats were used as controls. Final body weight, body weight gain, and epididymal fat pad weight did not show any statistical differences between groups. Adipocytes from trained rats were smaller than those from sedentary rats (205 ± 16.8 vs. 286 ± 26.4 pl; P < 0.05). Trained rats showed decreased plasma glucose (4.9 ± 0.13 vs. 5.3 ± 0.07 mM; P < 0.05) and insulin levels (0.24 ± 0.012 vs. 0.41 ± 0.049 mM; P < 0.05) and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (23.1 ± 3.1 vs. 12.1 ± 2.9 pmol/cm2; P < 0.05) compared with sedentary rats. The number of insulin receptors and the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β subunit did not change between groups. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation insulin receptor substrates (IRS)-1 and -2 increased significantly (1.57- and 2.38-fold, respectively) in trained rats. Insulin-induced IRS-1/phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase (but not IRS-2/PI3-kinase) association and serine Akt phosphorylation also increased (2.06- and 3.15-fold, respectively) after training. The protein content of insulin receptor-β subunit, IRS-1 and -2, did not differ between groups. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the increased adipocyte responsiveness to insulin observed after endurance exercise training is modulated by IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.

Exercise Training Decreases Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Cachectic Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lira ◽  
A. Yamashita ◽  
J. Rosa ◽  
C. Koyama ◽  
E. Caperuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation

scholarly journals Effects of 10 Days of Endurance Exercise Training on the Suppression of Whole Body and Regional Lipolysis by Insulin1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1498-1504
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
S. B. Racette ◽  
E. F. Binder ◽  
J. S. Fisher ◽  
W. M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma

The aim of this study was to evaluate in premenopausal women (10 sedentary obese women) the effects of 10 days of exercise on the suppression of whole body and regional lipolysis by insulin. Lipolysis was determined using 2H5-glycerol infusion and microdialysis of sc adipose tissue during a two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp [10 (LO) and 20 (MO) mU/m·min]. Microdialysis probes were positioned in abdominal and femoral sc adipose tissue to monitor interstitial glycerol and blood flow. Basal plasma glycerol was 86.7 ± 17.0 and 100.3 ± 19.8 μmol/L before and after training, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Plasma glycerol was suppressed to a greater extent after [to 47 ± 5% (LO) and 42 ± 5% (MO) of basal] than before [to 62 ± 8% (LO) and 55 ± 8% (MO) of basal] training. The rate of appearance of glycerol was suppressed to 49 ± 7% and 40 ± 5% of basal during LO and to 38 ± 5% and 30 ± 4% of basal during MO (P &lt; 0.05) before and after training, respectively. There were no differences in the suppression of lipolysis in abdominal as well as femoral sc adipose tissue as evidenced by similar reductions in dialysate glycerol levels before and after training in each of these tissues. The results indicate that the antilipolytic response to insulin can be improved through endurance exercise training. Intraabdominal adipose tissue or skeletal muscle may be the site of improved antilipolytic response to insulin after training, as improvement was not evident in abdominal or femoral sc adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue after ten weeks of endurance exercise training in healthy males

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Riis ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Andreas Buch Møller ◽  
Anna Sofie Husted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Endurance exercise training induces adaptations in metabolically active organs, but adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) remains incompletely understood. On the basis of animal studies, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training would increase the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and glucose uptake in scAT. To test these hypotheses, 19 young and healthy males were randomized to either endurance exercise training (TR; age 18–24 yr; BMI 19.0–25.4 kg/m2) or a nonexercising control group (CON; age 21–35 yr; BMI 20.5–28.8 kg/m2). Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies and blood were obtained at rest before and after intervention. By using Western blotting and PCR, we determined expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins, various proteins involved in substrate metabolism, and mRNA abundance of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was determined from fasting plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acids (adipose tissue insulin resistance index; Adipo-IR). Adipo-IR improved in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.03). This was accompanied by increased insulin receptor (IR) protein expression in scAT with a 1.54-fold (SD 0.79) change from baseline in TR vs. 0.85 (SD 0.30) in CON ( P = 0.007). Additionally, hexokinase II (HKII) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) protein increased in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.04, respectively). We did not observe changes in lipid droplet-associated proteins or mRNA abundance of GPCRs. Collectively, 10 weeks of endurance exercise training improved adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, which was accompanied by increased IR, HKII, and SDHA protein expression in scAT. We suggest that these adaptations contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) after endurance exercise training compared with a nonexercising control group. We show that endurance exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in human scAT, and this is accompanied by increased expression of insulin receptor, hexokinase II, and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A. Collectively, our data suggest that endurance exercise training induces molecular adaptations in human scAT, which may contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility.

Endurance exercise training modulates AKT/PKB phosphorylation in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Sidney B Peres ◽  
Solange M Franzói^de Moraes ◽  
Cristina N Borges ◽  
Cecilia M Costa ◽  
Carla R.O Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Pkb Phosphorylation

Endurance exercise training increases adipose tissue glucocorticoid exposure: adaptations that facilitate lipolysis

Metabolism ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Campbell ◽  
Sergiu Fediuc ◽  
Thomas J. Hawke ◽  
Michael C. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

scholarly journals Exercise training protects against an acute inflammatory insult in mouse epididymal adipose tissue

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (10) ◽  
pp. 1272-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Castellani ◽  
Jared Root-Mccaig ◽  
Scott Frendo-Cumbo ◽  
Marie-Soleil Beaudoin ◽  
David C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Ppar Gamma ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytokine Signaling ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Cl 316,243 ◽  
Inflammatory Insult

Exercise training reduces systemic and adipose tissue inflammation. However, these beneficial effects seem to be largely tied to reductions in adipose tissue mass. The purpose of the present study was to determine if exercise training confers a protective effect against an acute inflammatory challenge. We hypothesized that the induction of inflammatory markers, such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), and TNF-α by the beta-3 adrenergic agonist CL 316,243 would be reduced in adipose tissue from trained mice and this would be associated with reductions in transient receptor potential cation channel 4 (TRPV4), a protein recently shown to regulate the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Exercise training (4 wk of treadmill running, 1 h/day, 5 days/wk) increased markers of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content and the induction of PPAR-gamma coactivator 1 alpha in epididymal adipose tissue. The mRNA expression of IL-6, SOCS3, and TNFα were not different in subcutaneous and epididymal adipose tissue from sedentary and trained mice; however, the CL 316,243-mediated induction of these genes was attenuated ∼50% in epididymal adipose tissue from trained mice as were increases in plasma IL-6. The effects of training were not explained by reductions in lipolytic responsiveness, but were associated with decreases in TRPV4 protein content. These results highlight a previously unappreciated anti-inflammatory effect of exercise training on adipose tissue immunometabolism and underscores the value of assessing adipose tissue inflammation in the presence of an inflammatory insult.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document