Endurance exercise training increases insulin responsiveness in isolated adipocytes through IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 1037-1043 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney B. Peres ◽  
Solange M. Franzói de Moraes ◽  
Cecilia E. M. Costa ◽  
Luciana C. Brito ◽  
Julie Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Pi3 Kinase ◽  
Akt Pathway ◽  
Β Subunit ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Isolated Adipocytes

Endurance exercise training promotes important metabolic adaptations, and the adipose tissue is particularly affected. The aim of this study was to investigate how endurance exercise training modulates some aspects of insulin action in isolated adipocytes and in intact adipose tissue. Male Wistar rats were submitted to daily treadmill running (1 h/day) for 7 wk. Sedentary age-matched rats were used as controls. Final body weight, body weight gain, and epididymal fat pad weight did not show any statistical differences between groups. Adipocytes from trained rats were smaller than those from sedentary rats (205 ± 16.8 vs. 286 ± 26.4 pl; P < 0.05). Trained rats showed decreased plasma glucose (4.9 ± 0.13 vs. 5.3 ± 0.07 mM; P < 0.05) and insulin levels (0.24 ± 0.012 vs. 0.41 ± 0.049 mM; P < 0.05) and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (23.1 ± 3.1 vs. 12.1 ± 2.9 pmol/cm2; P < 0.05) compared with sedentary rats. The number of insulin receptors and the insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor-β subunit did not change between groups. Insulin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation insulin receptor substrates (IRS)-1 and -2 increased significantly (1.57- and 2.38-fold, respectively) in trained rats. Insulin-induced IRS-1/phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3)-kinase (but not IRS-2/PI3-kinase) association and serine Akt phosphorylation also increased (2.06- and 3.15-fold, respectively) after training. The protein content of insulin receptor-β subunit, IRS-1 and -2, did not differ between groups. Taken together, these data support the hypothesis that the increased adipocyte responsiveness to insulin observed after endurance exercise training is modulated by IRS/PI3-kinase/Akt pathway.

Exercise training enhances leg vasodilatory capacity of 65-yr-old men and women

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1804-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Martin ◽  
W. M. Kohrt ◽  
M. T. Malley ◽  
E. Korte ◽  
S. Stoltz
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Leg Blood Flow ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training

To determine whether extremity vasodilatory capacity may be augmented in older persons by endurance exercise training, lower leg blood flow and conductance were characterized plethysmographically at rest and during maximal hyperemia in 9 men and 10 women aged 64 +/- 3 (SD) yr before and after 31 +/- 6 wk of walking and jogging at 70-90% of maximal oxygen uptake for 45 min 3-5 days/wk. Maximal oxygen uptake expressed as milliliters per kilogram per minute improved 25% in men and 21% in women (P less than 0.01). Maximal leg blood flow and conductance increased in all nine men by an average of 39 +/- 33 (P less than 0.001) and 42 +/- 44% (P less than 0.004), respectively. Results were more variable in women and achieved unequivocal statistical significance only for maximal blood flow (+33 +/- 54% for blood flow and +29 +/- 55% for conductance; P less than 0.02 and P = 0.05, respectively). Body weight and skinfold adiposity declined in both sexes (P less than 0.05). Enhancement of vasodilatory capacity was related to weight loss in men and adipose tissue loss in women (r = 0.61 and 0.51, respectively; P less than 0.05). There were no significant changes in exercise capacity, body weight, or maximal blood flow in four male and three female controls aged 66 +/- 4 yr. Thus adaptability of the lower limb circulation to endurance exercise training is retained to at least age 65 yr.

scholarly journals Effects of 10 Days of Endurance Exercise Training on the Suppression of Whole Body and Regional Lipolysis by Insulin1

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 1498-1504
Author(s):  
R. C. Hickner ◽  
S. B. Racette ◽  
E. F. Binder ◽  
J. S. Fisher ◽  
W. M. Kohrt
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Basal Plasma

The aim of this study was to evaluate in premenopausal women (10 sedentary obese women) the effects of 10 days of exercise on the suppression of whole body and regional lipolysis by insulin. Lipolysis was determined using 2H5-glycerol infusion and microdialysis of sc adipose tissue during a two-stage hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp [10 (LO) and 20 (MO) mU/m·min]. Microdialysis probes were positioned in abdominal and femoral sc adipose tissue to monitor interstitial glycerol and blood flow. Basal plasma glycerol was 86.7 ± 17.0 and 100.3 ± 19.8 μmol/L before and after training, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Plasma glycerol was suppressed to a greater extent after [to 47 ± 5% (LO) and 42 ± 5% (MO) of basal] than before [to 62 ± 8% (LO) and 55 ± 8% (MO) of basal] training. The rate of appearance of glycerol was suppressed to 49 ± 7% and 40 ± 5% of basal during LO and to 38 ± 5% and 30 ± 4% of basal during MO (P &lt; 0.05) before and after training, respectively. There were no differences in the suppression of lipolysis in abdominal as well as femoral sc adipose tissue as evidenced by similar reductions in dialysate glycerol levels before and after training in each of these tissues. The results indicate that the antilipolytic response to insulin can be improved through endurance exercise training. Intraabdominal adipose tissue or skeletal muscle may be the site of improved antilipolytic response to insulin after training, as improvement was not evident in abdominal or femoral sc adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Effects of endurance exercise training, metformin, and their combination on adipose tissue leptin and IL-10 secretion in OLETF rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (12) ◽  
pp. 1873-1883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan T. Jenkins ◽  
Jaume Padilla ◽  
Arturo A. Arce-Esquivel ◽  
David S. Bayless ◽  
Jeffrey S. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Adipose Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Long Evans

Adipose tissue inflammation plays a role in cardiovascular (CV) and metabolic diseases associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The interactive effects of exercise training and metformin, two first-line T2DM treatments, on adipose tissue inflammation are not known. Using the hyperphagic, obese, insulin-resistant Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rat model, we tested the hypothesis that treadmill training, metformin, or a combination of these reduces the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines from adipose tissue. Compared with Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) control rats (L-Sed), sedentary OLETF (O-Sed) animals secreted significantly greater amounts of leptin from retroperitoneal adipose tissue. Conversely, secretion of interleukin (IL)-10 by O-Sed adipose tissue was lower than that in L-Sed animals. Examination of leptin and IL-10 secretion from adipose tissue in OLETF groups treated with endurance exercise training (O-EndEx), metformin treatment (O-Met), and a combination of these (O-E+M) from 20 to 32 wk of age indicated that 1) leptin secretion from adipose tissue was reduced in O-Met and O-E+M, but not O-EndEx animals; 2) adipose tissue IL-10 secretion was increased in O-EndEx and O-E+M but not in O-Met animals; and 3) only the combined treatment (O-E+M) displayed both a reduction in leptin secretion and an increase in IL-10 secretion. Leptin and IL-10 concentrations in adipose tissue–conditioned buffers were correlated with their plasma concentrations, adipocyte diameters, and total adiposity. Overall, this study indicates that exercise training and metformin have additive influences on adipose tissue secretion and plasma concentrations of leptin and IL-10.

Endurance exercise training does not alter lipolytic or adipose tissue blood flow sensitivity to epinephrine

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (2) ◽  
pp. E325-E331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey F. Horowitz ◽  
Renata J. Braudy ◽  
Wade H. Martin ◽  
Samuel Klein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Epinephrine Concentration

We evaluated the relationship between lipolysis and adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) in response to epinephrine and the effect of endurance exercise training on these responses. Five healthy untrained men underwent a four-stage incremental epinephrine infusion (0.00125, 0.005, 0.0125, and 0.025 μg ⋅ kg fat free mass−1 ⋅ min−1) plus hormonal clamp before and after 16 wk of cycle ergometry exercise training. Whole body glycerol and free fatty acid (FFA) rates of appearance (Ra) in plasma were determined by stable isotope methodology, and ATBF was assessed by133Xe clearance. After each training session, subjects were fed the approximate number of calories expended during exercise to prevent changes in body weight. Glycerol Ra, FFA Ra, and ATBF increased when plasma epinephrine concentration reached 0.8 nM, but at plasma epinephrine concentrations >1.6 nM ATBF plateaued, whereas lipolysis continued to increase. Exercise training increased peak oxygen uptake by 24 ± 7% (2.9 ± 0.2 vs. 3.6 ± 0.1 l/min; P < 0.05) but did not alter body weight [70.5 ± 3.8 vs. 72.0 ± 3.8 kg; P = nonsignificant (NS)] or percent body fat (18.4 ± 1.6 vs. 17.8 ± 1.9%; P = NS). Lipolytic and ATBF responses to epinephrine were also the same before and after training. We conclude that the lipolytic and ATBF responses to epinephrine are coordinated when plasma epinephrine concentration is ≤1.6 nM, but that at higher epinephrine concentrations, lipolysis continues to increase while ATBF remains constant. Endurance exercise training does not change lipolytic or ATBF sensitivity to epinephrine infusion in vivo during resting conditions.

scholarly journals Molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue after ten weeks of endurance exercise training in healthy males

2019 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Riis ◽  
Britt Christensen ◽  
Birgitte Nellemann ◽  
Andreas Buch Møller ◽  
Anna Sofie Husted ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hexokinase Ii ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Endurance exercise training induces adaptations in metabolically active organs, but adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) remains incompletely understood. On the basis of animal studies, we hypothesized that endurance exercise training would increase the expression of proteins involved in lipolysis and glucose uptake in scAT. To test these hypotheses, 19 young and healthy males were randomized to either endurance exercise training (TR; age 18–24 yr; BMI 19.0–25.4 kg/m2) or a nonexercising control group (CON; age 21–35 yr; BMI 20.5–28.8 kg/m2). Abdominal subcutaneous fat biopsies and blood were obtained at rest before and after intervention. By using Western blotting and PCR, we determined expression of lipid droplet-associated proteins, various proteins involved in substrate metabolism, and mRNA abundance of cell surface G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Adipose tissue insulin sensitivity was determined from fasting plasma insulin and nonesterified fatty acids (adipose tissue insulin resistance index; Adipo-IR). Adipo-IR improved in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.03). This was accompanied by increased insulin receptor (IR) protein expression in scAT with a 1.54-fold (SD 0.79) change from baseline in TR vs. 0.85 (SD 0.30) in CON ( P = 0.007). Additionally, hexokinase II (HKII) and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A (SDHA) protein increased in TR compared with CON ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.04, respectively). We did not observe changes in lipid droplet-associated proteins or mRNA abundance of GPCRs. Collectively, 10 weeks of endurance exercise training improved adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, which was accompanied by increased IR, HKII, and SDHA protein expression in scAT. We suggest that these adaptations contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study is the first to investigate the molecular adaptations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue (scAT) after endurance exercise training compared with a nonexercising control group. We show that endurance exercise training improves insulin sensitivity in human scAT, and this is accompanied by increased expression of insulin receptor, hexokinase II, and succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit A. Collectively, our data suggest that endurance exercise training induces molecular adaptations in human scAT, which may contribute to an improved metabolic flexibility.

Endurance exercise training modulates AKT/PKB phosphorylation in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle

2000 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Sidney B Peres ◽  
Solange M Franzói^de Moraes ◽  
Cristina N Borges ◽  
Cecilia M Costa ◽  
Carla R.O Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training ◽  
Pkb Phosphorylation

Endurance exercise training increases adipose tissue glucocorticoid exposure: adaptations that facilitate lipolysis

Metabolism ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan E. Campbell ◽  
Sergiu Fediuc ◽  
Thomas J. Hawke ◽  
Michael C. Riddell
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Endurance Exercise ◽  
Endurance Exercise Training
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