Acute caffeine ingestion does not impair glucose tolerance in persons with tetraplegia

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 374-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Battram ◽  
J. Bugaresti ◽  
J. Gusba ◽  
T. E. Graham
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Caffeine Ingestion ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Impair Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Epinephrine Concentration

Acute caffeine (Caf) ingestion impairs glucose tolerance in able-bodied humans during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). The mechanism responsible for this effect remains unclear, however, it is suggested to be due to the accompanying increase in epinephrine concentration. We examined whether or not Caf would elicit a glucose intolerance in persons with tetraplegia (TP) who do not exhibit an increased epinephrine response following Caf ingestion. All TP [ n = 14; 9 incomplete (Inc) lesion, 5 complete (Com) lesion] completed two OGTT 1 h after consuming either gelatin (Pl) or Caf capsules (dose = 4 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at baseline (time = 0 min), 1 h after capsule ingestion (time = 60 min), and every 30 min during the OGTT (time = 90–180 min). Glucose, insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide responses were similar ( P > 0.05) between treatments, demonstrating no effect of Caf on glucose tolerance. This lack of a Caf effect may be due to the low epinephrine concentration that remained unchanged ( P > 0.05) throughout all experiments. Interestingly, the Com exhibited a 50% higher glucose response ( P ≤ 0.05) and a 46% ( P > 0.05) lower insulin response (vs. Inc), suggesting a more pronounced glucose intolerance within this subgroup. Furthermore, nine TP (5 Com, 4 Inc) had glucose levels of ≥ 7.8 mM at the end of the OGTT (time = 180 min), classifying them as glucose intolerant. In summary, acute Caf ingestion does not increase epinephrine concentration or impair glucose tolerance in TP.

Abstract P337: Association of Glucose Intolerance and Insulin Resistance with Incident Cardiovascular Disease in a Japanese Urban Cohort: The Suita Study

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Kokubo ◽  
Makoto Watanabe ◽  
Aya Higashiyama ◽  
Yoko M Nakao ◽  
Takashi Kobayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Cerebral Infarction ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Levels

Introduction: Glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, few prospective studies were reported the association between combinations of these two factors and incident CVD. We assessed the hypothesis that insulin resistance increased the association between glucose intolerance and CVD in Japanese general population. Methods: We studied 4,638 Japanese individuals (mean age 56.1 years, without CVD) who completed a baseline medical examination and a 75g oral glucose tolerance test in the Suita Study. Glucose categories were defined as follows: diabetes mellitus (DM; fasting plasma glucose levels [FPG] ≥126 mg/dL, 2 hours post-loaded glucose levels [2h-PG] ≥ 200 mg/dL, and/or DM medication); impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; FPG <126 mg/dL and 2h-PG =140-199 mg/dL); impaired fasting glucose (IFG; FPG =100-125 mg/dL and 2h-PG <140 mg/dL); and normal glucose tolerance [NGT]. Insulin resistance was the following formula: HOMA-IR = [FPG] x [fasting insulin] / 405. Insulin resistance was defined as HOMA-IR ≥2.5. Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure category, hyperlipidemia, smoking, and drinking at the baseline. Results: During the 11.7-year follow-up, we documented 127 cerebral infarctions, 63 hemorrhagic stroke, 12 unclassified strokes, and 143 coronary heart disease events. The adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with FPG =100-125 mg/dL and ≥126 mg/dL were 1.38 (1.01-1.89) and 2.00 (1.12-3.58) for stroke and 1.47 (0.99-2.19) and 2.73 (1.43-5.22) for cerebral infarction, respectively, compared with the fasting NGT group. On the basis of the subjects with 2h-PG <140 mg/dL group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of subjects with 2h-PG ≥200 mg/dL were 1.71 (1.07-2.72) for stroke and 2.06 (1.20-3.54) for cerebral infarction. Compared to the NGT group, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of the subjects with IFG, IGT, and DM were 1.59 (1.10-2.30), 1.34 (0.89-2.00), and 1.86 (1.16-3.00) for stroke and 1.82 (1.13-2.90), 1.55 (0.93-2.56), and 2.43 (1.39-4.26) for cerebral infarction, respectively. Compared to the subjects with HOMA-IR <1.5, the adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CVD and stroke with HOMA-IR ≥2.5 were 1.45 (1.07-1.96) and 1.61 (1.07-2.42), respectively. Compared to the NGT group without insulin resistance, the IFG and DM groups with insulin resistance were observed the increased risks of stroke (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.05 [1.17-3.57] and 2.11 [1.17-3.83]) and cerebral infarction (HRs [95% CIs]; 2.45 [1.20-5.00] and 3.56 [1.84-6.88]), respectively. Conclusions: Fasting glucose intolerance and insulin resistance are predictive factors for the incidence of stroke and cerebral infarction. Insulin resistance increased the risks of incident stroke and cerebral infarction in general inhabitants with IFG and DM.

GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ortved Andersen ◽  
Th. Friis ◽  
B. Ottesen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Responses

ABSTRACT To evaluate the glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism patients were examined in the toxic state and after they had been made euthyroid. Fasting values: In 42 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin concentrations in serum were significantly elevated. In 24 treated patients the glucose concentrations became normal, while the insulin concentrations remained elevated. Oral-glucose-tolerance test: In 20 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin responses were significantly increased. In 8 treated patients the glucose response became normal, while the insulin response remained unchanged. Intravenous-glucose-tolerance test: In 28 untreated patients the K-values were significantly decreased and the insulin response increased. In 23 treated patients the K-values rose significantly, but the insulin response remained unchanged. Intravenous-tolbutamide test: In 41 untreated patients the glucose concentration decreased significantly compared with the controls, and the insulin responses were significantly increased. In 23 treated patients the glucose concentrations decreased even more, while the insulin response remained unchanged. The results indicate enhanced sensitivity or an increase in the mass of β-cells in hyperthyroidism. The glucose tolerance tests point to an increased peripheral insulin resistance. The normalized glucose tolerance and still enhanced insulin secretion during treatment support the assumption, that hyperthyroidism causes an increase in the β-cell mass.

scholarly journals Insulin Secretion and Risk for Future Diabetes in Subjects with a Nonpositive Insulinogenic Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Aono ◽  
Rie Oka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kometani ◽  
Yoshimichi Takeda ◽  
Shigehiro Karashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Future Diabetes

Aim. To characterize subjects with a nonpositive insulinogenic index and longitudinally observe changes in their glucose tolerance. Subjects and Methods. A historical cohort study was conducted using data from the medical checkups of public school workers. Indices of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the incidences of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were compared among subgroups of subjects with different insulinogenic index (change in insulin/change in glucose over the first 30 min on the OGTT). Results. Of the 1464 nondiabetic subjects at baseline, 72 (4.9%) subjects had a nonpositive insulinogenic index: 42 of those subjects had a nonpositive glucose response (ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0) and 30 had a nonpositive insulin response (ΔIns0–30 ≤ 0). Compared with subjects who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with insulinogenic index ≥ 0.4, subjects with a nonpositive glucose response had a higher first-phase Stumvoll and lower incidences of diabetes and IGT based on a log-rank test (p<0.05), whereas subjects with a nonpositive insulin response had lower indices of insulin secretion and a higher incidence of diabetes (p<0.05). Conclusions. These results demonstrate that in the first 30 min on the OGTT, subjects with a nonpositive insulinogenic index due to a nonpositive glucose response (ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0) had a lower risk for future diabetes and that subjects with nonpositive insulin response (ΔIns0–30 ≤ 0) had a higher risk for future one.

Glucose intolerance in children with cystic fibrosis: a developing country’s perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1139-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmipathi Naik Banavath ◽  
Rakesh Kumar ◽  
Devi Dayal ◽  
Jaivinder Yadav ◽  
Naresh Sachdeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common comorbidity reported in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). There is a dearth of data on glucose intolerance or CFRD in children with CF from developing countries. So, we planned to study the prevalence of abnormal glucose tolerance (AGT) in children with CF and its relation with the duration and severity of CF. Methods We performed an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on children (2–18 years old) having CF for at least 6 months. Two-hour plasma glucose levels on OGTT were correlated with various disease-related factors. Results Out of the 25 children enrolled, there were 18 boys and seven girls. The mean age and duration of CF were 7.9±4.3 and 3.16±2.5 years, respectively. AGT was observed in 16 (64%) children with CF including three (12%) children with CFRD. Children with a duration of CF of 3 years had significantly higher prevalence (81.8%) of AGT when compared with duration ≤3 years (p-value<0.05). Twelve out of 17 (70.6%) children were colonized with Pseudomonas and 12 out of 15 (80%) children >6 years of age had AGT. There was a positive correlation of 2-h glucose value on OGTT with duration of CF and number of hospitalizations with acute pulmonary exacerbations. Conclusions The majority of children having CF for >3 years and/or age >6 years developed AGT. In our clinical setting, an annual screening with OGTT to detect AGT may be required at an early age and duration of CF.

Effect of 10 days of physical inactivity on glucose tolerance in master athletes

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1833-1837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Rogers ◽  
D. S. King ◽  
J. M. Hagberg ◽  
A. A. Ehsani ◽  
J. O. Holloszy
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Master Athletes ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glucose Response

Master athletes who exercise regularly appear to avoid the development of insulin resistance and deterioration of glucose tolerance (GT) commonly seen with aging. To evaluate the possibility that exercise prevents rather than masks the aging-related changes responsible for development of insulin resistance, we investigated the effects of 10 days of physical inactivity in 14 master athletes aged 61 +/- 2 (SE) yr. The response of 10 of these men to inactivity was similar to that of young athletes, with an unchanged plasma glucose response and a significantly greater insulin response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) after 10 days of inactivity. These 10 athletes appeared to have been protected against the aging-related changes in GT because their plasma glucose and insulin levels during the OGTT after 10 days of inactivity were not significantly different from those of young lean sedentary men. In contrast, a deterioration in GT occurred in four of the master athletes during 10 days of inactivity; this was sufficiently marked in two of them to be classified as impaired GT. We conclude that regular exercise may 1) protect against the development of insulin resistance and decline in GT with aging in individuals with normal GT and 2) normalize GT by means of short-term effects of exercise in some individuals with abnormal GT.

scholarly journals Glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test as an index of glucose intolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Takeda ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Wataru Ogawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic properties of the root extract of Uveria chamae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emordi Jonathan Emeka ◽  
Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin ◽  
Oreagba Ibrahim Adekunle ◽  
Iribhogbe Osede Ignis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties and preliminary phytochemical screening of <em>Uveria chamae</em>. The hypoglycaemic properties of <em>Uveria chamae</em> was assessed on normoglycaemic rat that received single dose of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and blood glucose levels estimated at 2, 4, and 6 hours (single dose study). The hypoglycaemic property of the extract was also evaluated in normoglycemic rats by oral glucose tolerance test. Phytochemical screening of the extract for the presence of secondary metabolites was performed with standard methods. The extract showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels at 2h and 6h compared to control.  The oral glucose tolerance test  result also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels . The study showed that the extract, <em>Uveria chamae</em> has hypoglycaemic properties which may be accounted for by the presence of the phytochemicals.</p><p> </p>

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