GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN SECRETION IN HYPERTHYROIDISM

1977 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 576-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Ortved Andersen ◽  
Th. Friis ◽  
B. Ottesen
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Insulin Responses

ABSTRACT To evaluate the glucose tolerance and insulin secretion in hyperthyroidism patients were examined in the toxic state and after they had been made euthyroid. Fasting values: In 42 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin concentrations in serum were significantly elevated. In 24 treated patients the glucose concentrations became normal, while the insulin concentrations remained elevated. Oral-glucose-tolerance test: In 20 untreated patients the glucose- and insulin responses were significantly increased. In 8 treated patients the glucose response became normal, while the insulin response remained unchanged. Intravenous-glucose-tolerance test: In 28 untreated patients the K-values were significantly decreased and the insulin response increased. In 23 treated patients the K-values rose significantly, but the insulin response remained unchanged. Intravenous-tolbutamide test: In 41 untreated patients the glucose concentration decreased significantly compared with the controls, and the insulin responses were significantly increased. In 23 treated patients the glucose concentrations decreased even more, while the insulin response remained unchanged. The results indicate enhanced sensitivity or an increase in the mass of β-cells in hyperthyroidism. The glucose tolerance tests point to an increased peripheral insulin resistance. The normalized glucose tolerance and still enhanced insulin secretion during treatment support the assumption, that hyperthyroidism causes an increase in the β-cell mass.

scholarly journals Free triiodothyronine plasma concentrations are positively associated with insulin secretion in euthyroid individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilio Ortega ◽  
Juraj Koska ◽  
Nicola Pannacciulli ◽  
Joy C Bunt ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma

BackgroundThyroid hormones (TH) may influence glucose metabolism. Hyperthyroid subjects have higher insulin secretion rates when compared with euthyroid individuals.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between TH concentrations and insulin secretion in euthyroid, healthy Pima Indian adults (n=55, 29±7 years, females/males 36/19) with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) admitted to a Clinical Research Unit.MethodsTSH, free thyroxine (FT4), 3,5,3′-l-tri-iodothyronine (FT3), and fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentrations were measured in fasting plasma samples, percentage of body fat (%BF) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA), acute insulin response (AIR), and incremental area under the curve (AUC) of insulin in response to a 25 g intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) and 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) respectively and insulin action (M) during an euglycemic clamp.ResultsFT3 concentrations were associated with FPI, AIR, and insulin AUC both before (r=0.33, P=0.01; r=0.29, P=0.03; and r=0.35, P=0.008 respectively) and after adjustment for age, sex, %BF, glucose (fasting concentrations or glucose AUC), and M (β=0.09, P=0.01; β=0.16, P=0.03; and β=0.24, P=0.0007 respectively). No associations were found for TSH or FT4.ConclusionFT3 was associated with several measurements of insulin secretion in euthyroid individuals with NGT. T3 concentrations may play a role in the regulation of insulin secretion.

Muscarinic stimulation maintains in vivo insulin secretion in response to glucose after prolonged hyperglycemia

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (2) ◽  
pp. R475-R479 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Balkan ◽  
B. E. Dunning
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
General Mechanism ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance

Prolonged hyperglycemia impairs the in vitro insulin release by islets of Langerhans in response to glucose but exaggerates the in vivo insulin response. We hypothesized that this discrepancy results from increased vagal stimulation of the islets. Conscious chronically cannulated rats were infused with glucose (15 mg/min) or saline for 48 h. Three hours thereafter, an intravenous glucose tolerance test was performed with or without prior injection of atropine (0.2 mg). Atropine markedly (> 70%) reduced the insulin response in glucose-infused, but not in saline-infused, rats. Glucose-infused rats displayed basal hypoglycemia but normal glucose excursions during an intravenous glucose tolerance test. It is concluded that prolonged hyperglycemia produces exaggerated muscarinic activation of the beta-cells that will persist > or = 3 h after the termination of the glucose infusion and normalizes in vivo insulin secretion. It is possible that increased parasympathetic activation of the pancreas might constitute a general mechanism to maintain insulin output when the demand for insulin exceeds the inherent beta-cell responsiveness.

scholarly journals Antidepressant Effects on Insulin Sensitivity and Proinflammatory Cytokines in the Depressed Males

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Chyan Chen ◽  
Wei-Win Lin ◽  
Yu-Jung Chen ◽  
Wei-Chung Mao ◽  
Yi-Jen Hung
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Antidepressant Treatment ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Testing Procedures

Growing evidence suggests that mood disorder is associated with insulin resistance and inflammation. Thus the effects of antidepressants on insulin sensitivity and proinflammatory responses will be a crucial issue for depression treatment. In this study, we enrolled 43 non-diabetic young depressed males and adapted standard testing procedures to assess glucose metabolism during 4-week hospitalization. Before and after the 4-week antidepressant treatment, participants underwent oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT). Insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (SG), acute insulin response, and disposition index (DI) were estimated using the minimal model method. The plasma levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and adiponectin were measured. The Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) total scores were reduced significantly during the course of treatment. There were no significant changes in the parameters ofSI,SG, and DI. Compared to drug naïve status, the level of plasma IL-6 was significantly elevated (0.77to1.30 pg/ml;P=.001) after antidepressant therapy. However, the concentrations of CRP, TNF-α, and adiponectin showed no differences during the course of treatment. The results suggest that antidepressants may promote stimulatory effect on the IL-6 production in the early stage of antidepressant treatment.

scholarly journals Insulin Secretion and Risk for Future Diabetes in Subjects with a Nonpositive Insulinogenic Index

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Aono ◽  
Rie Oka ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kometani ◽  
Yoshimichi Takeda ◽  
Shigehiro Karashima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulinogenic Index ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Historical Cohort ◽  
Future Diabetes

Aim. To characterize subjects with a nonpositive insulinogenic index and longitudinally observe changes in their glucose tolerance. Subjects and Methods. A historical cohort study was conducted using data from the medical checkups of public school workers. Indices of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity derived from oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and the incidences of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were compared among subgroups of subjects with different insulinogenic index (change in insulin/change in glucose over the first 30 min on the OGTT). Results. Of the 1464 nondiabetic subjects at baseline, 72 (4.9%) subjects had a nonpositive insulinogenic index: 42 of those subjects had a nonpositive glucose response (ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0) and 30 had a nonpositive insulin response (ΔIns0–30 ≤ 0). Compared with subjects who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) with insulinogenic index ≥ 0.4, subjects with a nonpositive glucose response had a higher first-phase Stumvoll and lower incidences of diabetes and IGT based on a log-rank test (p<0.05), whereas subjects with a nonpositive insulin response had lower indices of insulin secretion and a higher incidence of diabetes (p<0.05). Conclusions. These results demonstrate that in the first 30 min on the OGTT, subjects with a nonpositive insulinogenic index due to a nonpositive glucose response (ΔGlu0–30 ≤ 0) had a lower risk for future diabetes and that subjects with nonpositive insulin response (ΔIns0–30 ≤ 0) had a higher risk for future one.

scholarly journals PPARGC1A Gene Promoter Methylation as a Biomarker of Insulin Secretion and Sensitivity in Response to Glucose Challenges

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2790
Author(s):  
José L. Santos ◽  
Bernardo J. Krause ◽  
Luis Rodrigo Cataldo ◽  
Javier Vega ◽  
Francisca Salas-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Proximal Promoter ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Intravenous Glucose ◽  
Cpg Sites

Methylation in CpG sites of the PPARGC1A gene (encoding PGC1-α) has been associated with adiposity, insulin secretion/sensitivity indexes and type 2 diabetes. We assessed the association between the methylation profile of the PPARGC1A gene promoter gene in leukocytes with insulin secretion/sensitivity indexes in normoglycemic women. A standard oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and an abbreviated version of the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) were carried out in n = 57 Chilean nondiabetic women with measurements of plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide. Bisulfite-treated DNA from leukocytes was evaluated for methylation levels in six CpG sites of the proximal promoter of the PPARGC1A gene by pyrosequencing (positions -816, -783, -652, -617, -521 and -515). A strong correlation between the DNA methylation percentage of different CpG sites of the PPARGC1A promoter in leukocytes was found, suggesting an integrated epigenetic control of this region. We found a positive association between the methylation levels of the CpG site -783 with the insulin sensitivity Matsuda composite index (rho = 0.31; p = 0.02) derived from the OGTT. The CpG hypomethylation in the promoter position -783 of the PPARGC1A gene in leukocytes may represent a biomarker of reduced insulin sensitivity after the ingestion of glucose.

scholarly journals First-phase insulin response (FPIR) to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), insulin sensitivity and long-term follow-up in ?- transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) normoglycemic patients with reduced insulin secretion to oral glucose tolerance t

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. e2021021
Author(s):  
Vincenzo De Sanctis
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Intravenous Glucose

Summary. Objective: To  study the function of the endocrine pancreas in transfusion-dependent ?-thalassemia (?-TDT) patients with normal oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and hypoinsulinemia. Patients and methods: Seven ?-TDT patients  (mean age 22.4 ± 4.2 years) with normal glucose tolerance test (NGT) and poor insulin response (hypoinsulinemia) to OGTT,  not associated with ?-cell autoimmunity, were referred for a second opinion to an Italian Centre, part of the International Network of Clinicians for Endocrinopathies in Thalassemia and Adolescence Medicine (ICET-A). In this pilot study,  the first-phase insulin response (FPIR), expressed as the sum of 1 and  3 minutes insulin, of ?-TDT patients to intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT), was tested. Moreover, the long-term natural history was followed prospectively using an annual OGTT, with the aim of detecting any abnormality of glucose metabolism. Results: The FPIR value  was between the 1st and 3rd percentile in two patients and between the 3rd and 10th percentile in  five. After 43 ± 26 months (range 11 - 80 months) of follow-up, 2 patients developed impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), 3 both IGT and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and two overt diabetes mellitus (DM). Interestingly, the patients who developed DM had, at baseline the lowest value of insulinogenic index (IGI, 0.08 and 0.25), defined as the ratio of the increment of plasma insulin to plasma glucose during the first 30 minutes after OGTT. Moreover, a significant correlation was found between the IGI at baseline and at follow-up in the patients who developed IGT with or without IFG (R= 0.927; P: 0.023). A significant reduction of Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISIM) and Insulin Secretion-Sensitivity Index-2 (ISSI-2) was documented in the study cohort at diagnosis of IFG, IGT and DM. There was a significant inverse correlation between ISSI-2 and area under the curve of plasma glucose (AUC-PG). Conclusions: These data demonstrated, for the first time, a progressive deterioration in glucose homeostasis in ?-TDT subjects with NGT and hypoinsulinemia.  Thus, we consider that variations of insulin sensitivity could possibly have an impact on glucose tolerance in adult patients with TDT. Further investigations should focus on factors that might positively influence insulin sensitivity, including nutrition, drugs and physical activity.  

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