Repair of spinal cord transection and its effects on muscle mass and myosin heavy chain isoform phenotype

2007 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1808-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Shang Lee ◽  
Ching-Yi Lin ◽  
Vincent J. Caiozzo ◽  
Richard T. Robertson ◽  
Jen Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Spinal Cord Transection ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cord Injury

A number of significant advances have been developed for treating spinal cord injury during the past two decades. The combination of peripheral nerve grafts and acidic fibroblast growth factor (hereafter referred to as PNG) has been shown to partially restore hindlimb function. However, very little is known about the effects of such treatments in restoring normal muscle phenotype. The primary goal of the current study was to test the hypothesis that PNG would completely or partially restore 1) muscle mass and muscle fiber cross-sectional area and 2) the slow myosin heavy chain phenotype of the soleus muscle. To test this hypothesis, we assigned female Sprague-Dawley rats to three groups: 1) sham control, 2) spinal cord transection (Tx), and 3) spinal cord transection plus PNG (Tx+PNG). Six months following spinal cord transection, the open-field test was performed to assess locomotor function, and then the soleus muscles were harvested and analyzed. SDS-PAGE for single muscle fiber was used to evaluate the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression pattern following the injury and treatment. Immunohistochemistry was used to identify serotonin (5-HT) fibers in the spinal cord. Compared with the Tx group, the Tx+PNG group showed 1) significantly improved Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores (hindlimb locomotion test), 2) less muscle atrophy, 3) a higher percentage of slow type I fibers, and 4) 5-HT fibers distal to the lesion site. We conclude that the combined treatment of PNG is partially effective in restoring the muscle mass and slow phenotype of the soleus muscle in a T-8 spinal cord-transected rat model.

Prominence of myosin heavy chain hybrid fibers in soleus muscle of spinal cord-transected rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1256-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Talmadge ◽  
R. R. Roy ◽  
V. R. Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Hybrid Fibers ◽  
Normal Complement ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle

The effect of a midthoracic spinal cord transection (ST) on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform expression in the rat soleus muscle was studied. Electrophoretic analyses demonstrated that 15 days after ST there were significant proportional increases in type IIx, decreases in type IIa, and no change in type I MHC composition. Thirty days after ST, some type IIb MHC was expressed, there were further proportional increases in type IIx, an increase in type IIa (compared with 15-day ST), and a decrease in type I MHC. At both time periods after ST, many fibers expressed multiple MHCs, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry where a battery of monoclonal antibodies specific to MHC isoforms was used. Fibers were observed containing types I and II together or multiple type II MHC isoforms. These data suggest that the expression of the normal complement of MHC isoforms in the adult rat soleus muscle is dependent, in part, on normal neuromuscular activation.

Distribution of myosin heavy chain isoforms in non-weight-bearing rat soleus muscle fibers

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2540-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Talmadge ◽  
Roland R. Roy ◽  
V. Reggie Edgerton
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rat Soleus Muscle

Talmadge, Robert J., Roland R. Roy, and V. Reggie Edgerton.Distribution of myosin heavy chain isoforms in non-weight-bearing rat soleus muscle fibers. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2540–2546, 1996.—The effects of 14 days of spaceflight (SF) or hindlimb suspension (HS) (Cosmos 2044) on myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform content of the rat soleus muscle and single muscle fibers were determined. On the basis of electrophoretic analyses, there was a de novo synthesis of type IIx MHC but no change in either type I or IIa MHC isoform proportions after either SF or HS compared with controls. The percentage of fibers containing only type I MHC decreased by 26 and 23%, and the percentage of fibers with multiple MHCs increased from 6% in controls to 32% in HS and 34% in SF rats. Type IIx MHC was always found in combination with another MHC or combination of MHCs; i.e., no fibers contained type IIx MHC exclusively. These data suggest that the expression of the normal complement of MHC isoforms in the adult rat soleus muscle is dependent, in part, on normal weight bearing and that the absence of weight bearing induces a shift toward type IIx MHC protein expression in the preexisting type I and IIa fibers of the soleus.

Changes in detrusor smooth muscle myosin heavy chain mRNA expression following spinal cord injury in the mouse

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey S. Wilson ◽  
Khaled Abdel Aziz ◽  
Dolores Vazques ◽  
Lisa-Ann Wuermser ◽  
Victor K. Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Smooth Muscle Myosin ◽  
Detrusor Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Muscle Myosin

Myosin heavy chain of immature soleus muscle grafts adapts to hyperthyroidism more than to physical activity

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. T. Devor ◽  
T. P. White
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Adaptive Response ◽  
Mechanical Load ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Type I ◽  
Thyroid Status ◽  
Early Regeneration

The interaction of hyperthyroidism and the elements of physical activity on early regeneration of muscle grafts was investigated. Soleus muscle grafts were studied 15 days after graft operations in eu- and hyperthyroid rats. Hypotheses were tested regarding the adaptation of the myosin heavy chain (MHC) profile of grafts and nongrafted control muscles and whether the effect of hyperthyroidism would predominate over the opposing influence of recruitment and mechanical load on MHC of grafts. Denervation and myectomy of synergist muscles were employed to manipulate the elements of physical activity. Denervation decreased the expression of type I MHC, and hyperthyroidism furthered the shift toward a “fast” isoform profile. For example, in denervated grafts, type IIb was undetected in euthyroid rats and accounted for 31% of MHC in hyperthyroid rats. Compared with control muscles, grafts in the denervated and innervated-normal load groups demonstrated greater plasticity because the adaptive response of MHC to thyroid status was more pronounced. Hyperthyroidism predominated over the opposing influence of the elements of physical activity on the regulation of MHC expression in innervated plus overload grafts. For example, type I MHC was 86% of MHC profile of innervated plus overload grafts in euthyroid rats and was only 49% in hyperthyroid rats. In conclusion, a heightened plasticity for grafts was evidenced in denervated and innervated tissues, and the regulation of MHC by thyroid hormone predominated over that due to the elements of physical activity.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms in Biopsied Longissimus Thoracis Muscle for Estimation of Meat Quality Traits in Live Pigs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Min Young Park ◽  
Youn-Chul Ryu ◽  
Chung-Nam Kim ◽  
Kyung-Bo Ko ◽  
Jun-Mo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fiber Number ◽  
Muscle Fiber Number

Estimating meat quality prior to slaughter will be beneficial for the rapid identification of specific traits or poor quality pork compared to a conventional assessment at postmortem. In this study, we identified and quantified myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoforms from a biopsied longissimus thoracis muscle of pigs, and determined their correlation with postmortem muscle fiber characteristics and meat quality. MHC slow and fast isoforms proportions from biopsied samples correlated with postmortem percentage of type I and type IIB muscle fibers, respectively (p < 0.05). The percentage of the biopsied MHC slow isoform showed a positive correlation with pH at 45 min postmortem, and negative correlations with filter-paper fluid uptake and drip loss in pork (p < 0.05). Furthermore, clustering the pigs into three groups based on the biopsied MHC isoform proportions was not only significantly associated with muscle fiber number and proportions of muscle fiber area, but also correlated with pH at 45 min postmortem and the National Pork Producers Council color score (p < 0.05). Collectively, our findings indicate that the biopsied MHC isoforms serve as parameter for estimating meat quality, with the association between the higher proportion of MHC slow isoforms and pH at 45 min postmortem in particular being indicative of better pork quality.

scholarly journals Metallothionein deficiency leads to soleus muscle contractile dysfunction following acute spinal cord injury in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (6) ◽  
pp. R1795-R1802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lara R. DeRuisseau ◽  
Daniel M. Recca ◽  
Jacqueline A. Mogle ◽  
Michelle Zoccolillo ◽  
Keith C. DeRuisseau
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Soleus Muscle ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Contractile Dysfunction ◽  
Type I ◽  
Small Molecular Weight ◽  
Cord Injury

Metallothionein (MT) is a small molecular weight protein possessing metal binding and free radical scavenging properties. We hypothesized that MT-1/MT-2 null (MT−/−) mice would display exacerbated soleus muscle atrophy, oxidative injury, and contractile dysfunction compared with the response of wild-type (WT) mice following acute spinal cord transection (SCT). Four groups of mice were studied: WT laminectomy, WT transection, MT−/− laminectomy (MT−/− lami), and MT−/− transection (MT−/− trans). Laminectomy animals served as surgical controls. Mice in SCT groups experienced similar percent body mass (BM) losses at 7 days postinjury. Soleus muscle mass (MM) and MM-to-BM ratio were lower at 7 days postinjury in SCT vs. laminectomy mice, with no differences observed between strains. However, soleus muscles from MT−/− trans mice showed reduced maximal specific tension compared with MT−/− lami animals. Mean cross-sectional area (μm2) of type I and type IIa fibers decreased similarly in SCT groups compared with laminectomy controls, and no difference in fiber distribution was observed. Lipid peroxidation (4-hydroxynoneal) was greater in MT−/− trans vs. MT−/− lami mice, but protein oxidation (protein carbonyls) was not altered by MT deficiency or SCT. Expression of key antioxidant proteins (catalase, manganese, and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase) was similar between the groups. In summary, MT deficiency did not impact soleus MM loss, but resulted in contractile dysfunction and increased lipid peroxidation following acute SCT. These findings suggest a role of MT in mediating protective adaptations in skeletal muscle following disuse mediated by spinal cord injury.

Changes In Soleus Myosin Heavy Chain Expression In Response To Training Following Spinal Cord Injury

2005 ◽  
Vol 37 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S34-S35
Author(s):  
Min Liu ◽  
Prodip Bose ◽  
Floyd Thompson ◽  
Glenn Walter ◽  
Douglas Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Cord Injury
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