scholarly journals Body mapping of cutaneous wetness perception across the human torso during thermo-neutral and warm environmental exposures

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (8) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Filingeri ◽  
Damien Fournet ◽  
Simon Hodder ◽  
George Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Regional Differences ◽  
Thermal Probe ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Sensing Skin ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Skin Wetness ◽  
Thermal Pleasantness

Sensing skin wetness is linked to inputs arising from cutaneous cold-sensitive afferents. As thermosensitivity to cold varies significantly across the torso, we investigated whether similar regional differences in wetness perception exist. We also investigated the regional differences in thermal pleasantness and whether these sensory patterns are influenced by ambient temperature. Sixteen males (20 ± 2 yr) underwent a quantitative sensory test under thermo-neutral [air temperature (Tair) = 22°C; relative humidity (RH) = 50%] and warm conditions (Tair = 33°C; RH = 50%). Twelve regions of the torso were stimulated with a dry thermal probe (25 cm2) with a temperature of 15°C below local skin temperature (Tsk). Variations in Tsk, thermal, wetness, and pleasantness sensations were recorded. As a result of the same cold-dry stimulus, the skin-cooling response varied significantly by location ( P = 0.003). The lateral chest showed the greatest cooling (−5 ± 0.4°C), whereas the lower back showed the smallest (−1.9 ± 0.4°C). Thermal sensations varied significantly by location and independently from regional variations in skin cooling with colder sensations reported on the lateral abdomen and lower back. Similarly, the frequency of perceived skin wetness was significantly greater on the lateral and lower back as opposed to the medial chest. Overall wetness perception was slightly higher under warm conditions. Significantly more unpleasant sensations were recorded when the lateral abdomen and lateral and lower back were stimulated. We conclude that humans present regional differences in skin wetness perception across the torso, with a pattern similar to the regional differences in thermosensitivity to cold. These findings indicate the presence of a heterogeneous distribution of cold-sensitive thermo-afferent information.

Evidence for the involvement of peripheral cold-sensitive TRPM8 channels in human cutaneous hygrosensation

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (3) ◽  
pp. R579-R589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Typolt ◽  
Davide Filingeri
Keyword(s):  
Human Skin ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cold Sensitivity ◽  
Trpm8 Channel ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Cold Sensitive ◽  
Skin Wetness

In contrast to other species, humans are believed to lack hygroreceptors for sensing skin wetness. Yet, the molecular basis of human hygrosensation is currently unknown, and it remains unclear whether we possess a receptor-mediated sensing mechanism for skin wetness. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the cutaneous cold-sensitive transient receptor potential melastatin-8 (TRPM8) channel as a molecular mediator of human hygrosensation. To this end, we exploited both the thermal and chemical activation of TRPM8-expressing cutaneous Aδ cold thermoreceptors, and we assessed wetness sensing in healthy young men in response to 1) dry skin cooling in the TRPM8 range of thermosensitivity and 2) application of the TRPM8 agonist menthol. Our results indicate that 1) independently of contact with moisture, a cold-dry stimulus in the TRPM8 range of activation induced wetness perceptions across 12 different body regions and those wetness perceptions varied across the body following regional differences in cold sensitivity; and 2) independently of skin cooling, menthol-induced stimulation of TRPM8 triggered wetness perceptions that were greater than those induced by physical dry cooling and by contact with an aqueous cream containing actual moisture. For the first time, we show that the cutaneous cold-sensing TRPM8 channel plays the dual role of cold and wetness sensor in human skin and that this ion channel is a peripheral mediator of human skin wetness perception.

Wool growth regulation by local skin cooling

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Doney ◽  
J. G. Griffiths
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Growth Regulation ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Systemic Response ◽  
Local Cooling ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Skin Cooling

Local cooling of the skin, produced by exposure to wind was shown to depress the rate of length growth of wool. The depression was associated with reductions in skin temperature and blood flow and with increases in heat transfer in the exposed regions. Fibre diameter did not appear to be affected and there were no indications of a systemic response of wool growth rate to exposure.

scholarly journals The role of decreasing contact temperatures and skin cooling in the perception of skin wetness

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davide Filingeri ◽  
Bernard Redortier ◽  
Simon Hodder ◽  
George Havenith
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Skin Wetness

scholarly journals Effect of skin temperature on cutaneous vasodilator response to the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (7) ◽  
pp. 898-903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary J. Hodges ◽  
Dean L. Kellogg ◽  
John M. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Blood Flow ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Vasodilator Response ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Local Skin Temperature ◽  
Β Receptor ◽  
Skin Temperatures

The vascular response to local skin cooling is dependent in part on a cold-induced translocation of α2C-receptors and an increased α-adrenoreceptor function. To discover whether β-adrenergic function might contribute, we examined whether β-receptor sensitivity to the β-agonist isoproterenol was affected by local skin temperature. In seven healthy volunteers, skin blood flow was measured from the forearm by laser-Doppler flowmetry and blood pressure was measured by finger photoplethysmography. Data were expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC; laser-Doppler flux/mean arterial blood pressure). Pharmacological agents were administered via intradermal microdialysis. We prepared four skin sites: one site was maintained at a thermoneutral temperature of 34°C (32 ± 10%CVCmax) one site was heated to 39°C (38 ± 11%CVCmax); and two sites were cooled, one to 29°C (22 ± 7%CVCmax) and the other 24°C (16 ± 4%CVCmax). After 20 min at these temperatures to allow stabilization of skin blood flow, isoproterenol was perfused in concentrations of 10, 30, 100, and 300 μM. Each concentration was perfused for 15 min. Relative to the CVC responses to isoproterenol at the thermoneutral skin temperature (34°C) (+21 ± 10%max), low skin temperatures reduced (at 29°C) (+17 ± 6%max) or abolished (at 24°C) (+1 ± 5%max) the vasodilator response, and warm (39°C) skin temperatures enhanced the vasodilator response (+40 ± 9%max) to isoproterenol. These data indicate that β-adrenergic function was influenced by local skin temperature. This finding raises the possibility that a part of the vasoconstrictor response to direct skin cooling could include reduced background β-receptor mediated vasodilation.

Epidermal expression of human TRPM8, but not of TRPA1 ion channels, is associated with sensory responses to local skin cooling

Pain ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 160 (12) ◽  
pp. 2699-2709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Weyer-Menkhoff ◽  
Andreas Pinter ◽  
Hannah Schlierbach ◽  
Anne Schänzer ◽  
Jörn Lötsch
Keyword(s):  
Ion Channels ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Sensory Responses ◽  
Epidermal Expression

Effect of Fiber Type, Water Content, and Velocity on Wetness Perception by the Volar Forearm Test: Stimulus Intensity Test

Perception ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 862-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaohua Zhang ◽  
Xiangning Tang ◽  
Yunyi Wang ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Miao Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Surface Texture ◽  
Moisture Transfer ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Thermal Flow ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Skin Wetness ◽  
Type Water ◽  
Transient Thermal

To investigate the effect of heat, moisture transfer, and mechanical tactile properties of fabrics on skin wetness perception when fabrics were in dynamic contact with skin at three velocities, nine knitted fabrics varying in fiber composition, thickness, and surface texture were evaluated by 20 participants using a wetness rating scale. The objective physical properties of the fabrics, namely, heat and moisture transfer and surface texture, and human physiological responses, namely, skin cooling rate and myoelectric signals, under various conditions were measured, and their correlations with the subjective wetness perception were studied. While the results indicated a significant influence of fabric type, water content, and velocity on skin wetness perception, no significant relation between electromyography and wetness perception was found. Fabrics with faster water spreading speeds and lower absorption rates were perceived as less wet, and the maximum transient thermal flow and skin cooling rate had a significant positive correlation with wetness perception. Furthermore, subjective wetness perception was predicted by the physical parameters of the fabric, that is, maximum transient thermal flow, water content, and friction coefficient, with an acceptable goodness of fit ( R2 = 0.82, p < .001).

scholarly journals CHANGES IN CENTRAL HEMODYNAMICS AFTER LOCAL SKIN COOLING IN FEMALES

Human Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 20-23
Author(s):  
E. V. Korobitsyna ◽  
A. B. Gudkov ◽  
O. N. Popova
Keyword(s):  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Skin Cooling

scholarly journals Effects of the combination of skin cooling and hyperpnea of frigid air in asthmatic and normal subjects

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 453-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. McDonald ◽  
Joann Nelson ◽  
K. A. Lenner ◽  
Melissa L. McLane ◽  
E. R. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Airway Disease ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Cold Air ◽  
Summation Effect ◽  
Skin Cooling ◽  
Ventilatory Effect ◽  
Cold Sensitive

McDonald, James S., Joann Nelson, K. A. Lenner, Melissa L. McLane, and E. R. McFadden, Jr. Effects of the combination of skin cooling and hyperpnea of frigid air in asthmatic and normal subjects. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(2): 453–459, 1997.—To investigate whether reducing integumental temperatures influences pulmonary mechanics and interacts with inhaling cold air, 10 normal and 10 asthmatic subjects participated in a three-part trial in which cooling the skin of the head and thorax and isocapnic hyperventilation of frigid air were undertaken as isolated challenges and then administered in combination. Integumental cooling for 30 min caused airway obstruction to develop in both populations [change in 1-s forced expiratory volume (ΔFEV1) asthmatic subjects = 10%; normal subjects = 6%)]. Hyperventilation, however, only affected the asthmatic subjects (ΔFEV1 asthmatic subjects = 18%; normal subjects = 3%). In contrast to expectations, the combined challenge did not produce a summation effect (ΔFEV1 asthmatic subjects = 21%; normal subjects = 7%). These data demonstrate that the skin of the trunk and head is cold sensitive and when stimulated causes similar degrees of bronchial narrowing in both normal subjects and patients with airway disease independent of any ventilatory effect. They also indicate that cooling of the skin does not add to the obstructive consequences of hyperpnea.

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