scholarly journals Preferential reductions in intermuscular and visceral adipose tissue with exercise-induced weight loss compared with calorie restriction

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C. Murphy ◽  
Jennifer L. McDaniel ◽  
Katherine Mora ◽  
Dennis T. Villareal ◽  
Luigi Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Calorie Restriction ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) are associated with insulin resistance. We sought to determine whether exercise-induced weight loss (EX) results in greater reductions in IMAT and VAT compared with similar weight loss induced by calorie restriction (CR) and whether these changes are associated with improvements in glucoregulation. Sedentary men and women (50–60 yr; body mass index of 23.5–29.9 kg/m2) were randomized to 1 yr of CR ( n = 17), EX ( n = 16), or a control group (CON; n = 6). Bilateral thigh IMAT and VAT volumes were quantified using multi-slice magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was determined from oral glucose tolerance test glucose and insulin levels. Weight loss was comparable ( P = 0.25) in the CR (−10.8 ± 1.4%) and EX groups (−8.3 ± 1.5%) and greater than in the control group (−2.0 ± 2.4%; P < 0.05). IMAT and VAT reductions were larger in the CR and EX groups than in the CON group ( P ≤ 0.05). After controlling for differences in total fat mass change between the CR and EX groups, IMAT and VAT reductions were nearly twofold greater ( P ≤ 0.05) in the EX group than in the CR group (IMAT: −45 ±5 vs. −25 ± 5 ml; VAT: −490 ± 64 vs. −267 ± 61 ml). In the EX group, the reductions in IMAT were correlated with increases in ISI ( r = −0.71; P = 0.003), whereas in the CR group, VAT reductions were correlated with increases in ISI ( r = −0.64; P = 0.006). In conclusion, calorie restriction and exercise-induced weight loss both decrease IMAT and VAT volumes. However, exercise appears to result in preferential reductions in these fat depots.

scholarly journals Correlation ofA2bARandKLF4/KLF15with Obesity-Dyslipidemia Induced Inflammation in Uygur Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuizhe Wang ◽  
Xiaodan Ha ◽  
Wei Li ◽  
Peng Xu ◽  
Yajuan Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Normal Control Group ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Uygur Population

In this paper, the researchers collected visceral adipose tissue from the Uygur population, which were divided into two groups: the normal control group (NC,n=50, 18.0 kg/m2≤ BMI ≤ 23.9 kg/m2) and the obese group (OB,n=45, BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2), and then use real-time PCR to detect the mRNA expression level of key genes involved in inflammation signaling pathway. The findings suggest that, in obese status, the lower expression level ofA2bAR,KLF4, andKLF15of visceral adipose tissue may correlate with obese-dyslipidemia induced inflammation in Uygur population.

Abstract P232: Worse Cardiometabolic Health in African Immigrants than African-Americans: Reconsideration of the Healthy Immigrant Effect

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E Sumner ◽  
Michelle Y O'Connor ◽  
Caroline K Thoreson ◽  
Madia Ricks ◽  
Amber B Courville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
African Immigrants ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Healthy Immigrant Effect ◽  
Immigrant Effect ◽  
Visceral Adipose

In decades past, African immigrants were considered to have better cardiometabolic health than African Americans. Whether this health advantage continues to exist in the 21st century is unknown. To explore differences in markers of cardiometabolic health, oral glucose tolerance tests, blood pressure (BP), visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume and the waist circumference (WC) which predicts insulin resistance were compared in 210 men (134 African immigrants, 76 African Americans, mean age 36±9y (mean±SD), range 20-64y) who self-identified as healthy. Insulin resistance was defined by the lowest quartile of the insulin sensitivity index (SI≤2•28mU/L-1.min-1). Receiver operating characteristic curves and the Youden Index were used to identify the WC which optimally predicts insulin resistance. BMI was lower in African immigrants than African Americans (27.4±3.9 vs. 29.3±5.5kg/m2, P<0.01). Adjusting for BMI, WC did not differ between groups (93±5 vs. 94±5cm, P=0.55); but African immigrants had more visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (P<0.001) higher BP (P≤0.01), higher fasting glucose (P≤0.001) and 2h glucose (P<0.001) as well as a higher prevalence of previously undiagnosed diabetes (7% (9 of 134) vs. 0% (0 of 76), P<0.01) and pre-diabetes (35% (47 of 134) vs. 22% (17 of 76), P<0.01). Degree of insulin resistance did not differ in African immigrants and African Americans (4.17±2.88 vs. 4.24±2.61 (mU/L)-1 .min-1, P=0.88). Yet, the WC which optimally predicted insulin resistance was lower in African immigrants than African Americans, specifically 92 cm and 102 cm, respectively. As African immigrants had higher VAT, BP and glucose levels than African Americans, the healthy immigrant effect may no longer be a valid concept. As insulin resistance occurred at a lower WC in African immigrants than African Americans, lower BMI in African immigrants does not appear to provide protection from cardiometabolic risk.

scholarly journals Distinct infrastructure of lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in overweight humans

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 979-990
Author(s):  
Anish Zacharia ◽  
Daniel Saidemberg ◽  
Chanchal Thomas Mannully ◽  
Natalya M Kogan ◽  
Alaa Shehadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Adipose tissue plays important roles in health and disease. Given the unique association of visceral adipose tissue with obesity-related metabolic diseases, the distribution of lipids between the major fat depots located in subcutaneous and visceral regions may shed new light on adipose tissue–specific roles in systemic metabolic perturbations. Objective We sought to characterize the lipid networks and unveil differences in the metabolic infrastructure of the 2 adipose tissues that may have functional and nutritional implications. Methods Paired visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue samples were obtained from 17 overweight patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery. Ultra-performance LC-MS was used to measure 18,640 adipose-derived features; 520 were putatively identified. A stem cell model for adipogenesis was used to study the functional implications of the differences found. Results Our analyses resulted in detailed lipid metabolic maps of the 2 major adipose tissues. They point to a higher accumulation of phosphatidylcholines, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols, although lower ceramide concentrations, in subcutaneous tissue. The degree of unsaturation was lower in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) phospholipids, indicating lower unsaturated fatty acid incorporation into adipose tissue. The differential abundance of phosphatidylcholines we found can be attributed at least partially to higher expression of phosphatidylethanolamine methyl transferase (PEMT). PEMT-deficient embryonic stem cells showed a dramatic decrease in adipogenesis, and the resulting adipocytes exhibited lower accumulation of lipid droplets, in line with the lower concentrations of glycerolipids in VAT. Ceramides may inhibit the expression of PEMT by increased insulin resistance, thus potentially suggesting a functional pathway that integrates ceramide, PEMT, and glycerolipid biosynthetic pathways. Conclusions Our work unveils differential infrastructure of the lipid networks in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and suggests an integrative pathway, with a discriminative flux between adipose tissues.

scholarly journals Exercise-Induced Changes in Visceral Adipose Tissue Mass Are Regulated by IL-6 Signaling: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 844-855.e3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Sophie Wedell-Neergaard ◽  
Louise Lang Lehrskov ◽  
Regitse Højgaard Christensen ◽  
Grit Elster Legaard ◽  
Emma Dorph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Adipose Tissue Mass ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Sleeve gastrectomy enhances glucose utilization and remodels adipose tissue independent of weight loss

2020 ◽  
Vol 318 (5) ◽  
pp. E678-E688 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Harris ◽  
Amir Mina ◽  
Dimitrije Cabarkapa ◽  
Keyvan Heshmati ◽  
Renuka Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sleeve Gastrectomy ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Indirect Calorimetry ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) induces weight loss-independent improvements in glucose homeostasis by unknown mechanisms. We sought to identify the metabolic adaptations responsible for these improvements. Nonobese C57BL/6J mice on standard chow underwent SG or sham surgery. Functional testing and indirect calorimetry were used to capture metabolic phenotypes. Tissue-specific glucose uptake was assessed by 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18-FDG) PET/computed tomography, and RNA sequencing was used for gene-expression analysis. In this model, SG induced durable improvements in glucose tolerance in the absence of changes in weight, body composition, or food intake. Indirect calorimetry revealed that SG increased the average respiratory exchange ratio toward 1.0, indicating a weight-independent, systemic shift to carbohydrate utilization. Following SG, orally administered 18-FDG preferentially localized to white adipose depots, showing tissue-specific increases in glucose utilization induced by surgery. Transcriptional analysis with RNA sequencing demonstrated that increased glucose uptake in the visceral adipose tissue was associated with upregulation in transcriptional pathways involved in energy metabolism, adipocyte maturation, and adaptive and innate immune cell chemotaxis and differentiation. SG induces a rapid, weight loss-independent shift toward glucose utilization and transcriptional remodeling of metabolic and immune pathways in visceral adipose tissue. Continued study of this early post-SG physiology may lead to a better understanding of the anti-diabetic mechanisms of bariatric surgery.

scholarly journals Adipose Inflammation in Obesity: Relationship With Circulating Levels of Inflammatory Markers and Association With Surgery-Induced Weight Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. E53-E61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Lasselin ◽  
Eric Magne ◽  
Cédric Beau ◽  
Patrick Ledaguenel ◽  
Sandra Dexpert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Adipose Inflammation ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Context: The inflammatory state of the adipose tissue is believed to contribute to systemic low-grade inflammation in obesity. Objective: This study assessed the relationship between adipose and circulating inflammatory markers as well as the influence of adipose inflammation on bariatric surgery-induced weight reduction. Design: This was a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (up to 14 mo). Setting: The study was conducted in the digestive/bariatric surgery department of the Tivoli and Jean Villar clinics, Bordeaux, France. Patients: Thirty-seven obese patients [body mass index (BMI) &gt; 35–40 kg/m2)] seeking bariatric surgery were included. Twenty-eight of them were successively followed up at 1–3 months after surgery and 25 between 6 and 14 months after surgery. Main Outcome Measures: Fasting serum samples were collected before surgery to assess concentrations of inflammatory markers. Samples of visceral adipose tissue were extracted during surgery and gene expression of cytokines and immune cell markers were evaluated using quantitative RT-PCR. Pre- and postsurgery weight and BMI were collected. Results: Gene expression of several cytokines were strongly intercorrelated in the visceral adipose tissue. Adipose expression of macrophage and T cell markers were related to adipose expression of TNF-α and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P &lt; .01) and to systemic levels of TNF-α (P &lt; .01) and IL-6 (P &lt; .05). A higher inflammatory state of the adipose tissue predicted a lower BMI reduction after surgery (P &lt; .05), notably at early stages after surgery. Conclusions: These findings support the involvement of macrophages and T cells in adipose inflammation and provide new information regarding the role of the visceral adipose tissue in the inflammatory state of obesity and its impact on obesity treatment outcomes, such as surgery-induced weight loss.

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