scholarly journals The Adventures of Sonic Hedgehog in Development and Repair. III. Hedgehog processing and biological activity

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (4) ◽  
pp. G844-G849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohreh F. Farzan ◽  
Samer Singh ◽  
Neal S. Schilling ◽  
David J. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Axon Guidance ◽  
Sonic Hedgehog ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Disease States ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Cell Survival Factor ◽  
Broad Overview

The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins is necessary for aspects of the development and maintenance of the gastrointestinal tract. Hh is thought to function as a morphogen, a mitogen, a cell survival factor, and an axon guidance factor. Given its wide role in development, as well as in a variety of disease states, understanding the regulation of Hh function and activity is critically important. However, the study of Hh signaling has been impeded by its unusual biology. Hh is unique in that it is the only protein covalently modified by cholesterol, which in turn affects numerous aspects of its localization, release, movement, and activity. All are important factors when considering Hh's physiological role, and animals have developed an intricate system of regulators responsible for both promoting and inhibiting the activity of Hh. This review is intended to give a broad overview of how the biosynthesis and movement of Hh contributes to its biological activity.

scholarly journals Remembrance of Dead Cells Past: Discovering That the Extracellular Matrix Is a Cell Survival Factor

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin A. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Integrin Signaling ◽  
Tumor Resistance ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Resistance To Chemotherapy ◽  
Cell Survival Factor

In 1992, Jere Meredith and I followed up on a serendipitous observation and showed that matrix deprivation can lead to apoptosis. Our article in Molecular Biology of the Cell, together with work form Steve Frisch's lab, helped establish the paradigm that integrin signals control cell survival in a variety of systems. It has been a pleasure to watch that work take on a life of its own as other investigators have explored its role in processes such as cavitation, regression of the mammary gland at the end of pregnancy, cancer metastasis, and tumor resistance to chemotherapy. Recently, we described an exception to the paradigm: In some tumors, reagents that activate integrin signaling enhance apoptosis in response to chemotherapy.

Autoantibodies to p75/LEDGF, a cell survival factor, found in patients with atypical retinal degeneration

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian S. Chin ◽  
Rafael C. Caruso ◽  
Barbara Detrick ◽  
John J. Hooks
Keyword(s):  
Cell Survival ◽  
Retinal Degeneration ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Survival Factor

scholarly journals The extracellular matrix as a cell survival factor.

1993 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 953-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
J E Meredith ◽  
B Fazeli ◽  
M A Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphatase ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Growth And Differentiation ◽  
Cell Survival Factor

Programmed cell death (PCD) or apoptosis is a naturally occurring cell suicide pathway induced in a variety of cell types. In many cases, PCD is induced by the withdrawal of specific hormones or growth factors that function as survival factors. In this study, we have investigated the potential role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a cell survival factor. Our results indicate that in the absence of any ECM interactions, human endothelial cells rapidly undergo PCD, as determined by cell morphology, nuclei fragmentation, DNA degradation, protein cross-linking, and the expression of the PCD-specific gene TRPM-2. PCD was blocked by plating cells on an immobilized integrin beta 1 antibody but not by antibodies to either the class I histocompatibility antigen (HLA) or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), suggesting that integrin-mediated signals were required for maintaining cell viability. Treatment of the cells in suspension with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate also blocked PCD. When other cell types were examined, some, but not all, underwent rapid cell death when deprived of adhesion to the ECM. These results suggest that in addition to regulating cell growth and differentiation, the ECM also functions as a survival factor for many cell types.

scholarly journals Az ösztrogénmetabolom biológiai és klinikai jelentősége lokális folyamatokban

2017 ◽  
Vol 158 (24) ◽  
pp. 929-937
Author(s):  
Krisztián Kovács ◽  
Barna Vásárhelyi ◽  
Katalin Mészáros ◽  
Attila Patócs ◽  
Gellért Karvaly
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Clinical Significance ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Tissue Homeostasis ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Breakdown Process ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Related Compounds

Abstract: Considerable knowledge has been gathered on the physiological role of estrogens. However, fairly little information is available on the role of compounds produced in the breakdown process of estrone and estradiol wich may play a role in various diseases associated with estrogen impact. To date, approximately 15 extragonadal estrogen-related compounds have been identified. These metabolites may exert protective, or, instead, pro-inflammatory and/or pro-oncogenic activity in a tissue-specific manner. Systemic and local estrogen metabolite levels are not necesserily correlated, which may promote the diagnostic significance of the locally produced estrogen metabolites in the future. The aim of the present study is a bibliographic review of the extragonadal metabolome in peripheral tissues, and to highlight the role of the peripheral tissue homeostasis of estrogens as well as the non-hormonal biological activity and clinical significance of the estrogen metabolome. Orv Hetil. 2017; 158(24): 929–937.

scholarly journals Biological activity of liposome-encapsulated murine interferon gamma is mediated by a cell membrane receptor.

1985 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3688-3692 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Eppstein ◽  
Y. V. Marsh ◽  
M. van der Pas ◽  
P. L. Felgner ◽  
A. B. Schreiber
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Membrane Receptor ◽  
A Cell

scholarly journals Whole Transcriptome Profiling Identifies CD93 and Other Plasma Cell Survival Factor Genes Associated with Measles-Specific Antibody Response after Vaccination

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. e0160970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iana H. Haralambieva ◽  
Michael T. Zimmermann ◽  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Diane E. Grill ◽  
Ann L. Oberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Response ◽  
Cell Survival ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Specific Antibody Response ◽  
Survival Factor ◽  
Whole Transcriptome ◽  
Cell Survival Factor
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