Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Methods, Mechanisms, and Pathophysiology. The confluence of increased permeability, inflammation, and pain in irritable bowel syndrome

2012 ◽  
Vol 303 (7) ◽  
pp. G775-G785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Karen Lasch ◽  
Wen Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Mucosal Permeability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Afferent Nerves ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common gastrointestinal ailments among those seeking health care for gastrointestinal disorders. Despite its prevalence, IBS pathophysiology is still not completely understood. Continued elucidation of IBS etiological mechanisms will lead to a greater appreciation of possible therapeutic targets. In the past decade, there has been increasing focus on the possible connection between increased intestinal mucosal permeability, inflammation, and visceral hypersensitivity. Increased permeability in subsets of IBS patients has been observed and the possible mechanisms underlying this defect are just beginning to be understood. The objectives of this review are to summarize the role of the healthy intestinal epithelium as a barrier between the lumen and the rest of the body with a focus on tight junctions; to examine the lines of evidence that suggest that different triggers lead to increased intestinal mucosal permeability and disruption of tight junctions in IBS patients; and to explore how this increased permeability may elicit immune responses that affect afferent nerves, resulting in the pain associated with IBS.

scholarly journals Morphological manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-114
Author(s):  
Yu.M. Stepanov ◽  
I.Ya. Budzak ◽  
Yu.A. Gaidar
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Tight Junctions ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intercellular Contacts ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The article presents modern data on morphological changes in the intestinal mucosa in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. There were analyzed the studies of different years on the morphological manifestations of irritable bowel syndrome. It has been shown that this pathology has an unusual low-grade inflammation. Mast cells play an important role in these inflammatory disorders, they have an effect on motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity and other pathogenetic factors of irritable bowel syndrome. Disorders of intercellular tight junctions in this category of patients were also analyzed. The role of proteins involved in intercellular contacts (occludin, claudin, ZO) has been characterized. An analysis of the studies investigating these disorders has been carried out. The article provides examples of the analysis of biopsies in patients with irritable bowel syndrome using various methods of their assessment.

The role of theSCN5A-encoded channelopathy in irritable bowel syndrome and other gastrointestinal disorders

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 906-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Verstraelen ◽  
R. M. A. ter Bekke ◽  
P. G. A. Volders ◽  
A. A. M. Masclee ◽  
J. W. Kruimel
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Irritable Bowel

scholarly journals The Role of Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Nyeong Lee ◽  
Oh Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Intestinal Dysmotility ◽  
Immune Alterations ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders, but its treatment is unsatisfactory as its pathophysiology is multifactorial. The putative factors of IBS pathophysiology are visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal dysmotility, also including psychological factors, dysregulated gut-brain axis, intestinal microbiota alterations, impaired intestinal permeability, and mucosal immune alterations. Recently, mucosal immune alterations have received much attention with the role of mast cells in IBS. Mast cells are abundant in the intestines and function as intestinal gatekeepers at the interface between the luminal environment in the intestine and the internal milieu under the intestinal epithelium. As a gatekeeper at the interface, mast cells communicate with the adjacent cells such as epithelial, neuronal, and other immune cells throughout the mediators released when they themselves are activated. Many studies have suggested that mast cells play a role in the pathophysiology of IBS. This review will focus on studies of the role of mast cell in IBS and the limitations of studies and will also consider future directions.

scholarly journals The role of serotonin and diet in the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Khushi Bruta ◽  
Vanshika ◽  
Kishnoor Bhasin ◽  
Bhawana
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dietary Regulation ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Indian Diet

AbstractSerotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)- a neurotransmitter of both the Enteric Nervous System and the Central Nervous System is synthesized by the hydroxylation of L- tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan.Serotonin has been associated with gut functions like assimilation and absorption, alongside the regulation of particle transport and fluid discharge in the gastrointestinal tract and its deficiency is found to be a prominent factor in the prevalence of gut disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome.For this review, we assessed the conventional treatment methods of common drugs, with the recently accredited treatment options like dietary regulation, exercise, meditation, and acupuncture. Having found that the most commonly used drugs exhibited various side effects like nausea, fatigue, rash, and dizziness, an in-depth evaluation of different Indian dietary patterns and their respective effects on tryptophan levels has been highlighted to formulate an ideal diet for patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). This review seeks to explore the numerous studies conducted to link IBS with the lack of serotonin production in the body, alongside exploring the evidence associating certain foods with raised tryptophan levels to hypothesize a suitable Indian diet.This review, in its essence, stresses the crucial need for further research on the dietary implications of common Indian foods and their FODMAP (Fermented Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides, And Polyols) contents, while underscoring the benefits of using unconventional and natural methods for the treatment of tryptophan-related gut disorders.

scholarly journals The gut microbiome and irritable bowel syndrome

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Menees ◽  
William Chey
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Downstream Effects ◽  
Gut Immune System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders encountered in clinical practice. It is a heterogeneous disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that an imbalance in gut bacterial communities, or “dysbiosis”, may be a contributor to the pathophysiology of IBS. There is evidence to suggest that gut dysbiosis may lead to activation of the gut immune system with downstream effects on a variety of other factors of potential relevance to the pathophysiology of IBS. This review will highlight the data addressing the emerging role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of IBS and review the evidence for current and future microbiome based treatments

Receptions of the Past: Commemoration, Racism, Desire

Somatechnics ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-303
Author(s):  
Michael Connors Jackman
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
White Privilege ◽  
Body Politic ◽  
The Body ◽  
Race And Racism ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

This article investigates the ways in which the work of The Body Politic (TBP), the first major lesbian and gay newspaper in Canada, comes to be commemorated in queer publics and how it figures in the memories of those who were involved in producing the paper. In revisiting a critical point in the history of TBP from 1985 when controversy erupted over race and racism within the editorial collective, this discussion considers the role of memory in the reproduction of whiteness and in the rupture of standard narratives about the past. As the controversy continues to haunt contemporary queer activism in Canada, the productive work of memory must be considered an essential aspect of how, when and for what reasons the work of TBP comes to be commemorated. By revisiting the events of 1985 and by sifting through interviews with individuals who contributed to the work of TBP, this article complicates the narrative of TBP as a bluntly racist endeavour whilst questioning the white privilege and racially-charged demands that undergird its commemoration. The work of producing and preserving queer history is a vital means of challenging the intentional and strategic erasure of queer existence, but those who engage in such efforts must remain attentive to the unequal terrain of social relations within which remembering forms its objects.

Role of convalescent plasma therapy in new Coronavirus disease (nCOVID-19): A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 546-549
Author(s):  
Shweta Dadarao Parwe ◽  
Milind Abhimanyu Nisargandha ◽  
Rishikesh Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Transparent Liquid

Hitherto, there is no proper line of treatment for the new (nCOVID19). The development of unique antiviral drugs has taken precedence. Therapeutic antibodies () will be a significantly beneficial agent against nCOVID-19. Here the host immune responses to new discussed in this review provide strategy and further treatment and understanding of clinical interventions against nCOVID-19. Plasma therapy uses the antibodies found in the blood of people recovering (or convalesced) from an infection to treat infected patients. When an infection occurs, the body begins producing proteins specially made to kill the germ, called antibodies. Those antibodies coat specifically plasma in the blood of survivors, the yellow transparent liquid blood portion for months or even years. research assesses plasma use from Convalescent patients of infected with nCOVID-19 as a possible preventive treatment. But it is not yet recommended as a line of treatment, and it is used as a clinical trial in the new in Indian population.

The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of urolithiasis in patients with an irritable bowel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
I. A. Derkach ◽  
A. E. Dorofeyev ◽  
M. M. Rudenko ◽  
G. A. Dorofeyeva ◽  
Yu. Z. Dynia
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Irritable Bowel
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