Skeletal muscle and bone: effect of sex steroids and aging

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marybeth Brown
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Bone Effect

Both estrogen and testosterone are present in males and females. Both hormones contribute to the well being of skeletal muscle and bone in men and women, and there is evidence that the loss of sex hormones is associated with the age-related decline in bone and skeletal muscle mass. Hormonal supplementation of older adults to restore estrogen and testosterone levels to those of young men and women is not without penalty.

Sarcopenia—definitions and epidemiology

2017 ◽  
pp. 409-414
Author(s):  
José A. Morais
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Resistance Exercise Training ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Sarcopenia is a progressive and inevitable loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength associated with ageing that places older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Up to of 15% of older adults suffer negative healthcare consequences because of sarcopenia. Furthermore, it is responsible for two to four times greater risk of disability. Expert groups have proposed clinical oriented criteria based on gait speed <0.8 m/s and low handgrip strength before performing muscle mass assessment. Multiple aetiologies are implicated in the development of sarcopenia including age-related, lifestyle, neurodegeneration, hormonal, and inflammation factors. Resistance exercise training and higher than recommended protein intake are two accessible means to counteract sarcopenia. Hormonal interventions, despite amelioration in muscle and fat masses, have not led to significant gains in function. Sarcopenia shares many features with frailty and can be considered as one of its underlying mechanisms.

Skeletal Muscle Regeneration, Repair and Remodelling in Aging: The Importance of Muscle Stem Cells and Vascularization

Gerontology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Joanisse ◽  
Joshua P. Nederveen ◽  
Tim Snijders ◽  
Bryon R. McKay ◽  
Gianni Parise
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Aging Muscle

Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Ultimately, sarcopenia results in the loss of independence, which imposes a large financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. A critical facet of sarcopenia is the diminished ability for aged muscle to regenerate, repair and remodel. Over the years, research has focused on elucidating underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia and the impaired ability of muscle to respond to stimuli with aging. Muscle-specific stem cells, termed satellite cells (SC), play an important role in maintaining muscle health throughout the lifespan. It is well established that SC are essential in skeletal muscle regeneration, and it has been hypothesized that a reduction and/or dysregulation of the SC pool, may contribute to accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass that is observed with advancing age. The preservation of skeletal muscle tissue and its ability to respond to stimuli may be impacted by reduced SC content and impaired function observed with aging. Aging is also associated with a reduction in capillarization of skeletal muscle. We have recently demonstrated that the distance between type II fibre-associated SC and capillaries is greater in older compared to younger adults. The greater distance between SC and capillaries in older adults may contribute to the dysregulation in SC activation ultimately impairing muscle's ability to remodel and, in extreme circumstances, regenerate. This viewpoint will highlight the importance of optimal SC activation in addition to skeletal muscle capillarization to maximize the regenerative potential of skeletal muscle in older adults.

scholarly journals Association Between Fish Consumption and Muscle Mass and Function in Middle-Age and Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha H. Alhussain ◽  
Moodi Mathel ALshammari
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Fish Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
And Function

Background: Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, represents a crucial risk factor for disability and mortality. Increasing intake of some nutrients, particularly protein and omega-3 fatty acids seems to be a promising strategy to augment muscle mass and function.Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the beneficial effects of fish consumption on muscle mass and function among middle-age and older adults.Methods: Twenty-two adults aged 50–85 years participated in this study. Participants were asked to consume 150–170-g of fish for lunch twice a week for a 10-week period. During that period, participants were asked to maintain their normal diet and physical activity. Outcome measures included anthropometry, muscle mass, and muscle function. All these measures were assessed at baseline, week 5, and week 10. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to analyze statistical significance.Results: Consuming fish twice a week for 10 weeks significantly increased the skeletal muscle mass and appendicular lean mass divided by height squared (ALM/h2) (p &lt; 0.01). Handgrip strength and gait speed &lt;0.8 m/s were also improved (p &lt; 0.01) at week 10 compared with that at baseline.Discussion: Consuming fish seems to improve muscle mass and function and may slow sarcopenia progression in middle-age and older adults.

scholarly journals Sarcopenia in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1844 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Age Related

Sarcopenia was first described in 1988 as the age-related decline of skeletal muscle mass [...]

scholarly journals Lower Dietary and Circulating Vitamin C in Middle- and Older-Aged Men and Women Are Associated with Lower Estimated Skeletal Muscle Mass

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (10) ◽  
pp. 2789-2798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy N Lewis ◽  
Richard P G Hayhoe ◽  
Angela A Mulligan ◽  
Robert N Luben ◽  
Kay-Tee Khaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Plasma Vitamin ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related

ABSTRACT Background Age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass contributes to poor outcomes including sarcopenia, physical disability, frailty, type 2 diabetes, and mortality. Vitamin C has physiological relevance to skeletal muscle and may protect it during aging, but few studies have investigated its importance in older populations. Objectives We aimed to investigate cross-sectional associations of dietary and plasma vitamin C with proxy measures of skeletal muscle mass in a large cohort of middle- and older-aged individuals. Methods We analyzed data from &gt;13,000 men and women in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition–Norfolk cohort, aged 42–82 y. Fat-free mass (FFM), as a proxy for skeletal muscle mass, was estimated using bioelectrical impedance analysis and expressed as a percentage of total mass (FFM%) or standardized by BMI (FFMBMI). Dietary vitamin C intakes were calculated from 7-d food diary data, and plasma vitamin C was measured in peripheral blood. Multivariable regression models, including relevant lifestyle, dietary, and biological covariates, were used to determine associations between FFM measures and quintiles of dietary vitamin C or insufficient compared with sufficient plasma vitamin C (&lt;50 μmol/L and ≥50 μmol/L). Results Positive trends were found across quintiles of dietary vitamin C and FFM measures for both sexes, with interquintile differences in FFM% and FFMBMI of 1.0% and 2.3% for men and 1.9% and 2.9% for women, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). Similarly, FFM% and FFMBMI measures were higher in participants with sufficient than with insufficient plasma vitamin C: by 1.6% and 2.0% in men, and 3.4% and 3.9% in women, respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). Associations were also evident in analyses stratified into &lt;65-y and ≥65-y age groups. Conclusions Our findings of positive associations, of both dietary and circulating vitamin C with measures of skeletal muscle mass in middle- and older-aged men and women, suggest that dietary vitamin C intake may be useful for reducing age-related muscle loss.

scholarly journals Interpopulation Similarity of Sex and Age-Related Body Composition Variations Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 6047
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Marini ◽  
Roberto Buffa ◽  
Luis Alberto Gobbo ◽  
Guillermo Salinas-Escudero ◽  
Silvia Stagi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Phase Angle ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Population Groups ◽  
Vector Length ◽  
Age Related

The aim of the study was to analyze sex and age-related body composition variations among older adults from the Brazilian, Italian, and Mexican population. A cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1103 community-dwelling older adults (634 women and 469 men), aged 60 to 89 years, living in Brazil (n = 176), Italy (n = 554), and Mexico (n = 373). Anthropometric measurements were taken, BMI was calculated, and impedance measurements were obtained (resistance, R, reactance, Xc). Specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (specific BIVA) was applied, with the specific vector defined by impedance, or vector length (Z = (Rsp2 + Xcsp)0.5), and phase angle (PA = arctan Xc/R 180/π). Population, sex, and age differences in anthropometric and bioelectrical variables were evaluated by means of a two way ANOVA. The mean bioelectrical vectors were graphed by confidence ellipses and statistically compared by the Hotelling’s T2 test. The three population groups showed differences in body mass and composition (p < 0.001): the Brazilian sample was characterized by greater body dimensions, longer vectors (higher relative content of fat mass), and lower phase angles (lower skeletal muscle mass). Men were taller and heavier than women (p < 0.001) but had a similar BMI (p = 0.102). They also had higher phase angle (higher skeletal muscle mass) (p < 0.001) and lower vector length (lower %FM) (p < 0.001). In the three population groups, the oldest individuals showed lower anthropometric and phase angle values with respect to the youngest ones (p < 0.001), whereas the vector length did not change significantly with age (p = 0.665). Despite the differences between sexes and among populations, the trend of age-related variations was similar in the Brazilian, Italian, and Mexican older adults.

scholarly journals Molecular Mechanism and Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia: An Overview

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3032
Author(s):  
Anna Picca ◽  
Riccardo Calvani
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Strength Function ◽  
Age Related

Sarcopenia involves a progressive age‐related decline of skeletal muscle mass and strength/function [...]

scholarly journals Relationship between age-related decreases in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and skeletal muscle mass in Japanese women

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (1.2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Sato ◽  
Teruhiro Morishita ◽  
Takafumi Katayama ◽  
Shigeko Satomura ◽  
Hiroko Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Japanese Women ◽  
Hydroxyvitamin D ◽  
Age Related ◽  
25 Hydroxyvitamin D

scholarly journals Factors associated with skeletal muscle mass, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity in older adults: a multi-continent study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos Tyrovolas ◽  
Ai Koyanagi ◽  
Beatriz Olaya ◽  
Jose Luis Ayuso-Mateos ◽  
Marta Miret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Cutoff values for appendicular skeletal muscle mass and strength in relation to fear of falling among Brazilian older adults: cross-sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 434-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Aurélio Carvalho Sampaio ◽  
Priscila Yukari Sewo Sampaio ◽  
Luz Albany Arcila Castaño ◽  
João Francisco Barbieri ◽  
Hélio José Coelho Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Mass ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass
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