scholarly journals Continuous and noninvasive recording of cardiovascular parameters with the Finapres finger cuff enhances undergraduate student understanding of physiology

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvonne Hodgson ◽  
Julia Choate
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
Physiological Data ◽  
Cardiovascular Physiology ◽  
Immediate Feedback ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Experimental Protocols ◽  
Strongly Agree

The Finapres finger cuff recording system provides continuous calculations of beat-to-beat variations in cardiac output (CO), total peripheral resistance, heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP). This system is unique in that it allows experimental subjects to immediately, continuously, and noninvasively visualize changes in CO at rest and during exercise. This study provides evidence that using the Finapres system improves undergraduate student engagement, understanding, and learning of how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Second-year science students undertaking a physiology practical class in 2009 ( n = 243) and 2010 ( n = 263) used the Finapres system to record CO, BP, and HR during graded exercise on a cycle ergometer. Student experiences with the Finapres was evaluated with a survey (a 5-point scale from strongly disagree to strongly agree). This indicated that students appreciated the immediacy of the recordings (88% of students agreed or strongly agreed, average for 2009 and 2010), gained an understanding of how to record physiological data (84%), enjoyed the practical (81%), and would recommend the Finapres to other students (81%). To determine if the practical enhanced student learning of cardiovascular physiology, identical tests were given to the students at the beginning (pretest) and end (posttest) of the class. There was a significant improvement from the pretest to the posttest (4% in 2009 and 20% in 2010). In summary, the ability of the Finapres to continuously display CO, BP, and HR during experimental protocols provides students with immediate feedback and improves their understanding of cardiovascular physiology.

scholarly journals The Influence of Maturation on the Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Rogowski ◽  
Justin P. Guilkey ◽  
Brooke R. Stephens ◽  
Andrew S. Cole ◽  
Anthony D. Mahon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Healthy Male ◽  
Uptake Efficiency ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope ◽  
Male Subjects ◽  
One Way Anova

This study examined the influence of maturation on the oxygen uptake efficiency slope (OUES) in healthy male subjects. Seventy-six healthy male subjects (8–27 yr) were divided into groups based on maturation status: prepubertal (PP), midpubertal (MP), late-pubertal (LP), and young-adult (YA) males. Puberty status was determined by physical examination. Subjects performed a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer to determine OUES. Group differences were assessed using a one-way ANOVA. OUES values (VO2L·min1/log10VEL·min−1) were lower in PP and MP compared with LP and YA (p < .05). When OUES was expressed relative to body mass (VO2mL·kg−1·min−1/log10VEmL·kg−1·min−1) differences between groups reversed whereby PP and MP had higher mass relative OUES values compared with LP and YA (p < .05). Adjusting OUES by measures of body mass failed to eliminate differences across maturational groups. This suggests that qualitative factors, perhaps related to oxidative metabolism, account for the responses observed in this study.

scholarly journals Effect of a Taped Filter Mask on Perceived Breathlessness, Heart Rate, Lactate and Oxygen Saturation During a Graded Exercise Test

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoi Lam Ng ◽  
Johannes Trefz ◽  
Martin Schönfelder ◽  
Henning Wackerhage
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Face

Abstract Background: Face masks are an effective, non-pharmacological strategy to reduce the transmission of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and other pathogens. However, it is a challenge to keep masks sealed during exercise, as ventilation can increase from 5-10 L/min at rest to up to 200 L/min so that masks may be blown away from the face. To reduce leakage e.g. during exercise, a face mask was developed that is taped onto the face. The aim of this study was to investigate during a graded cycle ergometry test the effect of a taped mask on the perception of breathlessness, heart rate, lactate, and oxygen saturation when compared to a surgical mask and no mask.Methods: Four trained and healthy males and females each (n=8 in total) performed incremental cycle ergometer tests until voluntary exhaustion under three conditions: (1) No mask/control, (2) surgical mask or (3) taped mask. During these tests, we measured perception of breathlessness, heart rate, the concentration of blood lactate and peripheral oxygen saturation and analysed the resultant data with one or two-way repeated measures ANOVAs. We also used a questionnaire to evaluate mask comfort and analysed the data with paired t-tests. Results: When compared to wearing no mask, a taped face mask significantly reduces the maximal workload in a graded exercise test by 12±6% (p=0.001). Moreover, with a taped face mask, subjects perceive severe breathlessness at 12±9% lower workload (p=0.012) and oxygen saturation at 65% of the maximal workload is 1.5% lower (p=0.018) when compared to wearing no mask. Heart rate and the concentration of lactate were not significantly different at any workload. When compared to wearing a surgical mask, wearing a taped face mask has a significantly better wearing comfort (p=0.038), feels better on the skin (p=0.004), there is a lower sensation of moisture (p=0.026) and wearers perceive that less heat is generated (p=0.021). We found no sex/gender differences for any parameters. Conclusions: A taped mask is well tolerated during light and moderate exercise intensity but reduces maximal exercise capacity.

Central hemodynamics during progressive upper- and lower-body exercise and recovery

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Miles ◽  
M. N. Sawka ◽  
D. E. Hanpeter ◽  
J. E. Foster ◽  
B. M. Doerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Contractility ◽  
Impedance Cardiography ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Central Hemodynamics ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Contractility Indices

The purpose of this study was to compare stroke volume (SV) and myocardial contractility responses during and immediately after upper- and lower-body exercise. Nine men (mean 28 yr, 78 kg) completed progressive intensity discontinuous tests on both an arm crank and cycle ergometer. Exercise for each power output (PO) was 7 min with 20-min rest periods interspersed. Impedance cardiography was used to measure cardiac output (Q), SV, and contractility on a beat-by-beat basis during exercise and a 15-s recovery period. Q increased linearly, and total peripheral resistance decreased exponentially with increasing PO levels. During recovery from exercise, the Q and heart rate (HR) values decreased immediately at all PO levels. When the exercise VO2 exceeded 1.0 1 X min-1, SV fell significantly during recovery for both exercise modes. In general, the recovery myocardial contractility indices remained similar to exercise values. It was concluded that immediately after low intensities of exercise, Q decreases because of a fall in HR. After moderate- and high-intensity exercise, Q decreases because of a fall in both HR and SV.

scholarly journals “Creating a Home away from Home”: Chinese Undergraduate Student Enclaves in US Higher Education

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yajing Chen ◽  
Heidi Ross
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Undergraduate Student ◽  
International Student ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Chinese Student ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Student Experiences ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
Chinese International Student

This paper draws on the theory of ethnic enclaves to study Chinese international student communities and their role in constructing Chinese undergraduate student experiences on US campuses. Enclave theory has primarily been used by sociologists to study immigrant and diaspora populations, but it can also provide an important analytical tool for scholars examining the internationalisation of student populations in higher-education settings. Student interviews and participant observation at a representative research-intensive, doctoral-granting institution in the American Midwest indicate that institutional and media characterisations of Chinese international student communities as closed and segregated are far too simplistic. Chinese student enclaves provide their members with crucial information, support, and social spaces that help them adapt to – and in turn change – their host institutions. Chinese students are active participants in and creators of campus cultures that are often invisible to university administrators, faculty, and peers.

Intraerythrocyte and plasma osmolality during graded exercise in humans

1985 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 1069-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Buono ◽  
P. E. Faucher
Keyword(s):  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Exercise In Humans

The purpose of this study was to measure intraerythrocyte and plasma osmolality during graded exercise in humans. Eight volunteers performed a maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer. Mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and erythrocyte water content were not significantly (P less than 0.05) affected by the exercise bout in spite of a significant mean increase of 6.7% in plasma osmolality. Interestingly, intraerythrocyte osmolality also increased significantly during the exercise bout, paralleling the response seen in the plasma. In fact, plasma osmolality and intraerythrocyte osmolality demonstrated a significant linear relationship (r = 0.91). These data suggest that during exercise the human erythrocyte has the ability to increase its osmolality in vivo to match that of the plasma. Therefore, this mechanism allows for erythrocyte volume to remain relatively unchanged during exercise despite a significant increase in plasma osmolality.

Changes in Brain Activity During a Graded Exercise Test on a Recumbent Cycle Ergometer

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S286
Author(s):  
Stephen Bailey ◽  
Eric E. Hall ◽  
Jason M. Cain ◽  
Paul C. Miller ◽  
Stephen F. Folger
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise

Maximal fat oxidation rate is higher in fit women and unfit women with obesity, compared to normal weight unfit women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Frandsen ◽  
Ida Marie Dahlgaard Hansen ◽  
Julie Fensmark Wismann ◽  
Maria Høyer Olsen ◽  
Morten Runge Brage-Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Oxidation Rate ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Maximal Fat Oxidation ◽  
Related Increase

Abstract Introduction Maximal fat oxidation rate (MFO) is higher in aerobically fit vs. unfit young men, but this training related increase in MFO is attenuated in middle-aged men. Further, it has also been found that unfit men with obesity may have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight men. Aim/Hypothesis Based hereupon, we aimed to investigate whether a fitness related higher MFO were attenuated in middle-aged women compared to young women. Also, we aimed to investigate if unfit women with obesity have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. We hypothezised that the training related elevated MFO was attenuated in middle-aged women, but that unfit women with obesity would have an elevated MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women. Methods We recruited a total of 70 women stratified into six groups: Young fit (n=12), young unfit (n=12) middle-aged fit (n=12), middle-aged unfit (n=12), unfit young women with obesity (n=12) and unfit middle-aged women with obesity (n=10). Body composition and resting blood samples were obtained and MFO was measured by a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer via indirect calorimetry. Subsequently, a maximal exercise test was performed to establish V̇O2peak. Results Young and middle-aged fit women had a higher MFO compared to age-matched unfit women, and young fit women had a higher MFO compared to fit middle-aged women. Unfit women with obesity, independent of age, had a higher MFO compared to their normal-weight and unfit counterparts. Conclusion The training related increase in MFO seems maintained in middle-aged women and secondly, we find that unfit women with obesity, independent of age have a higher MFO compared to unfit normal-weight women.

A New Method for Prescribing Exercise: Three-Point Ratings of Perceived Exertion

1996 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher C. Dunbar ◽  
Michael I. Kalinski ◽  
Robert J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Exercise Prescription ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
New Method ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Ratings Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Mean

An accurate exercise prescription for ratings of perceived exertion has previously depended on data from a maximal graded exercise test during which RPE was measured. In many clinical settings RPE is not measured; in many fitness settings maximal testing is not feasible. A new method using treadmill speed or power output of a cycle ergometer at an RPE of 13 from a submaximal test which can be used in these situations is described. We evaluated the accuracy of this method at 50%, 60%, 70%, and 85% VO2max. A total of 160 target RPEs were developed using traditional procedures and the new method. No significant differences between RPEs obtained with the two techniques were found. The mean difference was less than one unit of RPE. It appears that the new method is valid for intensities of 50% to 85% VO2max and that data from either the cycle ergometer or the treadmill can be used to prepare exercise prescriptions.

Water and electrolyte balance in the vascular space during graded exercise in humans

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2757-2762 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Nose ◽  
A. Takamata ◽  
G. W. Mack ◽  
Y. Oda ◽  
T. Okuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Co2 Gas ◽  
Vascular Space ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Water And Electrolyte Balance

We analyzed the changes in water content and electrolyte concentrations in the vascular space during graded exercise of short duration. Six male volunteers exercised on a cycle ergometer at 20 degrees C (relative humidity = 30%) as exercise intensity was increased stepwise until voluntary exhaustion. Blood samples were collected at exercise intensities of 29, 56, 70, and 95% of maximum aerobic power (VO2max). A curvilinear relationship between exercise intensity and Na+ concentration in plasma ([Na+]p) was observed. [Na+]p significantly increased at 70% VO2max and at 95% VO2max was approximately 8 meq/kgH2O higher than control. The change in lactate concentration in plasma ([Lac-]p) was closely correlated with the change in [Na+]p (delta[Na+]p = 0.687 delta[Lac-]p + 1.79, r = 0.99). The change in [Lac-]p was also inversely correlated with the change in HCO3- concentration in plasma (delta[HCO3-]p = -0.761 delta[Lac-]p + 0.22, r = -1.00). At an exercise intensity of 95% VO2max, 60% of the increase in plasma osmolality (Posmol) was accounted for by an increase in [Na+]p. These results suggest that lactic acid released into the vascular space from active skeletal muscles reacts with [HCO3-]p to produce CO2 gas and Lac-. The data raise the intriguing notion that increase in [Na+]p during exercise may be caused by elevated Lac-.

Cardiovascular responses to treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise in children and adults

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Turley ◽  
Jack H. Wilmore
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Exercise Tests ◽  
Exercise Modality ◽  
Cycle Ergometer Exercise ◽  
Ergometer Exercise

Turley, Kenneth R., and Jack H. Wilmore. Cardiovascular responses to treadmill and cycle ergometer exercise in children and adults. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 948–957, 1997.—This study was conducted to determine whether submaximal cardiovascular responses at a given rate of work are different in children and adults, and, if different, what mechanisms are involved and whether the differences are exercise-modality dependent. A total of 24 children, 7 to 9 yr old, and 24 adults, 18 to 26 yr old (12 males and 12 females in each group), participated in both submaximal and maximal exercise tests on both the treadmill and cycle ergometer. With the use of regression analysis, it was determined that cardiac output (Q˙) was significantly lower ( P ≤ 0.05) at a given O2 consumption level (V˙o 2, l/min) in boys vs. men and in girls vs. women on both the treadmill and cycle ergometer. The lower Q˙ in the children was compensated for by a significantly higher ( P ≤ 0.05) arterial-mixed venous O2difference to achieve the same or similarV˙o 2. Furthermore, heart rate and total peripheral resistance were higher and stroke volume was lower in the children vs. in the adult groups on both exercise modalities. Stroke volume at a given rate of work was closely related to left ventricular mass, with correlation coefficients ranging from r = 0.89–0.92 and r = 0.88–0.93 in the males and females, respectively. It was concluded that submaximal cardiovascular responses are different in children and adults and that these differences are related to smaller hearts and a smaller absolute amount of muscle doing a given rate of work in the children. The differences were not exercise-modality dependent.

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