New Imaging Technology Confirms Earlier PET Scan Evidence: Methamphetine Abuse Linked To Human Brain Damage

Nida Notes ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Swan
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Imaging Technology

scholarly journals Acute acetate administration increases endogenous opioid levels in the human brain: A [11C]carfentanil molecular imaging study

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112096591
Author(s):  
Abhishekh H Ashok ◽  
Jim Myers ◽  
Gary Frost ◽  
Samuel Turton ◽  
Roger N Gunn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Sodium Acetate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Imaging Study ◽  
Pet Scan ◽  
Endogenous Opioid ◽  
Reference Tissue ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Fourfold Increase ◽  
Positron Emission

Introduction: A recent study has shown that acetate administration leads to a fourfold increase in the transcription of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA in the hypothalamus. POMC is cleaved to peptides, including β-endorphin, an endogenous opioid (EO) agonist that binds preferentially to the µ-opioid receptor (MOR). We hypothesised that an acetate challenge would increase the levels of EO in the human brain. We have previously demonstrated that increased EO release in the human brain can be detected using positron emission tomography (PET) with the selective MOR radioligand [11C]carfentanil. We used this approach to evaluate the effects of an acute acetate challenge on EO levels in the brain of healthy human volunteers. Methods: Seven volunteers each completed a baseline [11C]carfentanil PET scan followed by an administration of sodium acetate before a second [11C]carfentanil PET scan. Dynamic PET data were acquired over 90 minutes, and corrected for attenuation, scatter and subject motion. Regional [11C] carfentanil BPND values were then calculated using the simplified reference tissue model (with the occipital grey matter as the reference region). Change in regional EO concentration was evaluated as the change in [11C]carfentanil BPND following acetate administration. Results: Following sodium acetate administration, 2.5–6.5% reductions in [11C]carfentanil regional BPND were seen, with statistical significance reached in the cerebellum, temporal lobe, orbitofrontal cortex, striatum and thalamus. Conclusions: We have demonstrated that an acute acetate challenge has the potential to increase EO release in the human brain, providing a plausible mechanism of the central effects of acetate on appetite in humans.

scholarly journals Radiation-Induced Cerebro-Ophthalmic Effects in Humans

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin N. Loganovsky ◽  
Donatella Marazziti ◽  
Pavlo A. Fedirko ◽  
Kostiantyn V. Kuts ◽  
Katerina Y. Antypchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Human Brain ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Neurocognitive Deficits ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Available Information

Exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) could affect the human brain and eyes leading to both cognitive and visual impairments. The aim of this paper was to review and analyze the current literature, and to comment on the ensuing findings in the light of our personal contributions in this field. The review was carried out according to the PRISMA guidelines by searching PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar English papers published from January 2000 to January 2020. The results showed that prenatally or childhood-exposed individuals are a particular target group with a higher risk for possible radiation effects and neurodegenerative diseases. In adulthood and medical/interventional radiologists, the most frequent IR-induced ophthalmic effects include cataracts, glaucoma, optic neuropathy, retinopathy and angiopathy, sometimes associated with specific neurocognitive deficits. According to available information that eye alterations may induce or may be associated with brain dysfunctions and vice versa, we propose to label this relationship “eye-brain axis”, as well as to deepen the diagnosis of eye pathologies as early and easily obtainable markers of possible low dose IR-induced brain damage.

A Review of Cognitive Outcome After Unilateral Lesions Sustained During Childhood

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 2S67-2S73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraneh Vargha-Khadem ◽  
Elizabeth Isaacs ◽  
Valerie Muter
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Cognitive Outcome ◽  
Cognitive Effects ◽  
Brain Organization ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Time Since Injury ◽  
Neuroimaging Techniques

Views on human brain organization early in development have swung back and forth between the extreme notions of complete equipotentiality and adult-like specialization. Recent research on the cognitive effects of early brain damage supports an intermediate position and suggests that many claims on the older literature must be re-examined in the light of new evidence that cognitive impairments are sometimes attributable to previously ignored factors, such as a history of seizures, time since injury, and unsuspected lesions that are now detectable with neuroimaging techniques. (J Child Neurol 1994;9(Suppl):2S67-2S73).

PET scan studies of histamine receptors in the human brain

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 173-174
Author(s):  
K. Yanai ◽  
T. Watanabe ◽  
M. Itoh
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Histamine Receptors ◽  
Pet Scan

scholarly journals Re-investigating the effects of chronic smoking on the pathology of alcohol-related human brain damage

Alcohol ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
A.N. McCorkindale ◽  
A. Sizemova ◽  
D. Sheedy ◽  
J.J. Kril ◽  
G.T. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Chronic Smoking

History of Italian Neuropsychology

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francois Boller ◽  
Guido Gainotti ◽  
Dario Grossi ◽  
Giuseppe Vallar
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Systematic Development

Early Italian clinicians and researchers dedicated their work to human neuropsychology mainly through analysis of variations of cognitive and behavioral functions caused by brain damage. The systematic development of neuropsychology in Italy started in the early 1960s in Milan with the neurologist Ennio De Renzi and his collaborators (mainly Luigi A. Vignolo, early on) in the Clinic of Nervous and Mental Diseases. The “Milan group” investigated several neuropsychological deficits caused by focal hemispheric lesions in human brain-damaged patients, developing standardized tests and advanced statistical methods applied to the clinical diagnosis and the rehabilitation of aphasia. It first used the new imaging techniques (CT scan) in the 1970s to correlate lesion sites with behavioral deficits. Since then, neuropsychology and neuropsychological research, both basic and applied, have developed extensively in other parts of Italy and include clinical diagnosis and rehabilitation of patients with brain damage or dysfunction throughout the life span.

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