scholarly journals Semiconductor Film Bandgap Influence on Retention Time of UTBOX SOI 1T-FBRAM

2013 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Semiconductor Film ◽  
Influence On Retention

Semiconductor Film Bandgap Influence on Retention Time of UTBOX SOI 1T-FBRAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 139-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. R. A. Sasaki ◽  
A. Nissimoff ◽  
L. M. Almeida ◽  
M. Aoulaiche ◽  
E. Simoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Semiconductor Film ◽  
Influence On Retention

Multiple phase transitions investigated by high-speed TEM

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-551
Author(s):  
Oleg Bostanjoglo ◽  
Peter Thomsen-Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Semiconductor Film ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Short Exposure Time ◽  
Multiple Phase ◽  
Model Substance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Electron Image

Thin GexTe1-x (x = 0.15-0.8) were studied as a model substance of a composite semiconductor film, in addition being of interest for optical storage material. Two complementary modes of time-resolved TEM were used to trace the phase transitions, induced by an attached Q-switched (50 ns FWHM) and frequency doubled (532 nm) Nd:YAG laser. The laser radiation was focused onto the specimen within the TEM to a 20 μm spot (FWHM). Discrete intermediate states were visualized by short-exposure time doubleframe imaging /1,2/. The full history of a transformation was gained by tracking the electron image intensity with photomultiplier and storage oscilloscopes (space/time resolution 100 nm/3 ns) /3/. In order to avoid radiation damage by the probing electron beam to detector and specimen, the beam is pulsed in this continuous mode of time-resolved TEM,too.Short events ( <2 μs) are followed by illuminating with an extended single electron pulse (fig. 1c)

Impact of Metal Pad Etch-Induced Plasma Damage on Dynamic Retention Time Degradation during High Temperature Stress in High Density DRAM Technology

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
D-J Kim ◽  
I-G Kim ◽  
J-Y Noh ◽  
H-J Lee ◽  
S-H Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cell Junction ◽  
Antenna Effect ◽  
Plasma Damage ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Wafer Processing

Abstract As DRAM technology extends into 12-inch diameter wafer processing, plasma-induced wafer charging is a serious problem in DRAM volume manufacture. There are currently no comprehensive reports on the potential impact of plasma damage on high density DRAM reliability. In this paper, the possible effects of floating potential at the source/drain junction of cell transistor during high-field charge injection are reported, and regarded as high-priority issues to further understand charging damage during the metal pad etching. The degradation of block edge dynamic retention time during high temperature stress, not consistent with typical reliability degradation model, is analyzed. Additionally, in order to meet the satisfactory reliability level in volume manufacture of high density DRAM technology, the paper provides the guidelines with respect to plasma damage. Unlike conventional model as gate antenna effect, the cell junction damage by the exposure of dummy BL pad to plasma, was revealed as root cause.

Studies on Chromatographic Fractioning by Cations Exchangers of a Bovine Hemoglobin Hydrolysate

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2794-2798
Author(s):  
Alina Diana Panainte ◽  
Ionela Daniela Morariu ◽  
Nela Bibire ◽  
Madalina Vieriu ◽  
Gladiola Tantaru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
Bovine Hemoglobin ◽  
Reverse Phase ◽  
Hplc System ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Phase Column

A peptidic hydrolysate has been obtained through hydrolysis of bovine hemoglobin using pepsin. The fractioning of the hydrolysate was performed on a column packed with CM-Sepharose Fast Flow. The hydrolysate and each fraction was filtered and then injected into a HPLC system equipped with a Vydak C4 reverse phase column (0.46 x 25 cm), suitable for the chromatographic separation of large peptides with 20 to 30 amino acids. The detection was done using mass spectrometry, and the retention time, size and distribution of the peptides were determined.

Deep Shaft High Rate Aerobic Digestion: Laboratory and Pilot Plant Performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Tran ◽  
D. Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Retention Time ◽  
Oxygen Transfer ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
High Solids ◽  
Aerobic Digestion ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
High Solids Content

Abstract The Deep Shaft process, originating from ICI Ltd. in the U.K., has been further developed by C-I-L Inc., Eco-Technology Division into an extremely energy efficient, high rate biological treatment process for industrial and municipal wastewaters. The Deep Shaft is essentially an air-lift reactor, sunk deep in the ground (100 - 160 m): the resulting high hydrostatic pressure together with very efficient mixing in the shaft provide extremely high oxygen transfer efficiencies (O.T.E.) of up to 90% vs 4 to 20% in other aerators. This high O.T.E. suggests real potential for Deep Shaft technology in the aerobic digestion of sludges and animal wastes: with conventional aerobic digesters an O.T.E. over 8% is extremely difficult to achieve. This paper describes laboratory and pilot plant Deep Shaft aerobic digester (DSAD) studies carried out at Eco-Research's Pointe Claire, Quebec laboratories, and at the Paris, Ontario pilot Deep Shaft digester. An economic pre-evaluation indicated that DSAD had the greatest potential for treating high solids content primary or secondary sludge (3-7% total solids) in the high mesophilic and thermophilic temperature range (25-60°C) i.e. in cases where conventional digesters would experience severe limitations of oxygen transfer. Laboratory and pilot plant studies have accordingly concentrated on high solids content sludge digestion as a function of temperature. Laboratory scale daily draw and fill DSAD runs with a 5% solids sludge at 33°C with a 3 day retention time have achieved 34% volatile solids reduction and a stabilized sludge exhibiting a specific oxygen uptake rate (S.O.U.R.) of less than 1 mgO2/gVSS/hour, measured at 20°C. This digestion rate is about four times faster than the best conventional digesters. Using Eco-Research's Paris, Ontario pilot scale DSAD (a 160 m deep 8 cm diameter u-tube), a 40% reduction in total volatile solids, (or 73% reduction of biodegradable VS) and a final SOUR of 1.2 mg02/gVSS/hour have been achieved for a 4.6% solids sludge in 4 days at 33°C, with loading rates of up to 7.9 kg VSS/m3-day. Laboratory runs at thermophilic temperatures (up to 60°C) have demonstrated that a stabilized sludge (24-41% VSS reduction) can be produced in retention time of 2 days or less, with a resulting loading rate exceeding 10 kg VSS/m3-day.

The Impact of a Chemostat Discharge Containing Oil Degrading Bacteria on the Biological Kinetics of a Refinery Activated Sludge Process

1988 ◽  
Vol 20 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 131-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Wong ◽  
C. D. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Activated Sludge Process ◽  
Kinetic Evaluation ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Waste Treatment Plant ◽  
The Impact

The effect of discharging specific oil degrading bacteria from a chemostat to a refinery activated sludge process was determined biokinetically. Plant data for the kinetic evaluation of the waste treatment plant was collected before and during treatment. During treatment, the 500 gallon chemostatic growth chamber was operated on an eight hour hydraulic retention time, at a neutral pH, and was fed a mixture of refinery wastewater and simple sugars. The biokinetic constants k (days−1), Ks (mg/L), and K (L/mg-day) were determined before and after treatment by Monod and Lineweaver-Burk plots. Solids discharged and effluent organic concentrations were also evaluated against the mean cell retention time (MCRT). The maximum utilization rate, k, was found to increase from 0.47 to 0.95 days−1 during the operation of the chemostat. Subsequently, Ks increased from 141 to 556 mg/L. Effluent solids were shown to increase slightly with treatment. However, this was acceptable due to the polishing pond and the benefit of increased ability to accept shock loads of oily wastewater. The reason for the increased suspended solids in the effluent was most likely due to the continual addition of bacteria in exponential growth that were capable of responding to excess substrate. The effect of the chemostatic addition of specific microbial inocula to the refinery waste treatment plant has been to improve the overall organic removal capacity along with subsequent gains in plant stability.

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