The article presents the results of astrophysical studies of the Moon’s reflected and intrinsic radiation. We studied the intensity of the Moon’s infrared radiation and, thus, carried out a detailed research of the brightness temperature of the Moon’s visible disc, estimated the thermal inertia of the coating substance by the rate of its surface cooling, and the degree of the lunar soil fragmentation. Polarimetric, colorimetric and spectrophotometric measurements of the reflected radiation intensity were carried out at different wavelengths. In the article, we present maps prepared based on our measurement results. We conducted theresearch of the unique South Pole – Aitken basin (SPA). The altitude profiles of the Apollo-11 and Zond-8 spacecrafts and the data of laser altimeters of the Apollo-16 and Apollo-15 spacecrafts were used as the main material. Basing upon this data we prepared a hypsometric map of SPA-basing global relief structure. A surface topography map of the Moon’s Southern Hemisphere is given in the article. The topography model of the SPA topography surface shows displacement centers of the altitude topographic rims from the central rim. Basing upon the detailed study of the basin’s topography as well as its “depth-diameter” ratio we suggest that the basin originated from the impact of a giant cometary body from the Orta Cloud. In our works, we consider the Moon as a part of the Earth’s space infrastructure. High growth rates of the Earth’s population, irrational nature management will cause deterioration of scarce natural resources in the near future. In our article, we present maps of the natural resources on the Moon pointing out the most promising regions of thorium, iron, and titanium. Probably in 20 or 40 years a critical mining level of gold, diamonds, zinc, platinum and other vital rocks and metals will be missing on the Earth.