Characterization of the Electrochemical Oxidation of Glucose on Pt Nanoparticle Catalysts in pH Neutral Phosphate Buffer Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (40) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aron H. Blaesi ◽  
Cullen R. Buie
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Pt Nanoparticle ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Nanoparticle Catalysts ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Unusual Behavior of Fluorescein under Conditions of Electrochemical Oxidation in an Aqueous Phosphate Buffer Solution

2019 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
O. K. Lebedeva ◽  
V. S. Snytko ◽  
I. I. Kuznetsova ◽  
D. Yu. Kultin ◽  
A. N. Zakharov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Unusual Behavior ◽  
Buffer Solution

scholarly journals Tafel behaviour and competitive adsorption of amino acids and peptides with surface oxide formation at the Pt electrode

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1585-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Julia Petrie ◽  
Stephanie M. MacDonald ◽  
Katherine L. Fuller ◽  
Sharon G. Roscoe
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Competitive Adsorption ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Platinum Oxide ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Oxidation Reactions ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Kolbe Reaction ◽  
Glycyl Glycine

The electrochemical oxidation reactions and competitive adsorption behaviour of glycine, the peptides glycyl-glycine and glycyl-glycyl-glycine, α- and β-alanine, and α-, β-, and γ-aminobutyric acid have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry at a platinum electrode in a pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution at ambient temperature. Strong adsorption of all species at anodic potentials in neutral solution was accompanied by an efficient ability to block both the initial stages of OH monolayer deposition as well as the second stage involving an irreversible process of continued deposition of OH or O species. Glycine and the peptides blocked the initially and more reversibly deposited OH species in preference to those formed at higher potentials. Surface concentrations determined with the lower anodic end potentials (0.50 V) gave information on the orientation of the adsorbed molecules. Steady-state polarization measurements gave Tafel slopes in the range of 253–498 mV, considerably higher than that normally seen for oxygen evolution from a phosphate buffer solution. These results suggest that, in the pH 7.0 buffer, the negatively charged carboxylate group preferentially adsorbs under these anodic potentials in a mechanism similar to the Kolbe reaction, with the decarboxylation step being rate determining. Keywords: electrochemical oxidation, glycine, alanine, aminobutyric acid, peptides, platinum oxide.

scholarly journals The Use of Tungsten in Potentiometry to Detect Pospat Baffer and Urease Enzyme

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Victor H Sihombing ◽  
Abd Hakim S
Keyword(s):  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Electrolyte Solutions ◽  
Indicator Electrode ◽  
State University ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Ftir Characterization ◽  
Urease Enzyme

This study aims to characterize phosphate buffer and urease enzymes through the absorbance spectrum of UV-Vis and FTIR using tungsten as the indicator electrode. The method used in this research is the biosensor potentiometric method carried out in the Laboratory of the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, State University of Medan and the Beacukai Belawan Medan laboratory. The absorbance characterization of electrolyte solutions in various compositions using UV-Vis showed that phosphate buffer solution 0.001 M pH 7.5+KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M+3 drops urease enzyme had the highest absorbance compared to electrolyte solutions with phosphate buffer and urea content. Likewise, the FTIR results showed the same thing where phosphate buffer solution was 0.001 M pH 7.5 + KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M + 3 drops urease enzyme had the highest% T (transmission) pattern of phosphate buffer solution and urea. The urease enzyme in this study functions as a catalyst. Based on UV-Vis and FTIR characterization, it was concluded that the phosphate buffer solution of 0.001 M pH 7.5+KCl 0.001 M + urea 0.001 M + 3 drops of urease enzyme was the best.

Bioceramic Hydroxyapatite Granules for Purification of Biotechnological Products

2011 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 1764-1769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitalijs Lakevics ◽  
Janis Locs ◽  
Dagnija Loca ◽  
Valentina Stepanova ◽  
Liga Berzina-Cimdina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin Adsorption ◽  
Albumin Adsorption

Sorption experiments of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramic granules, prepared at three temperatures 900°C, 1000°C and 1150°C were performed at room temperature 18,6 °C and phosphate buffer, pH 5,83; 6.38 and 7,39. Thermal treatment contributed to the decrease of bovine serum albumin immobilization indicating that sorption process depended on HAp ceramics specific surface area and pH values of phosphate buffer solution. However, it was confirmed that granule size was also an important parameter for bovine serum albumin adsorption. As a result of these experiments, the most appropriate adsorption conditions and phosphate buffer pH values influence on to BSA sorption were analyzed.

Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Counts on Whole Fresh Apples by Treatment with Sanitizers

2000 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCY A. WISNIEWSKY ◽  
BONITA A. GLATZ ◽  
MARK L. GLEASON ◽  
CHERYLL A. REITMEIER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Peroxyacetic Acid ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Log Reduction

The objectives of this study were to determine if washing of whole apples with solutions of three different sanitizers (peroxyacetic acid, chlorine dioxide, or a chlorine-phosphate buffer solution) could reduce a contaminating nonpathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 population by 5 logs and at what sanitizer concentration and wash time such a reduction could be achieved. Sanitizers were tested at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 times the manufacturer's recommended concentration at wash times of 5, 10, and 15 min. Whole, sound Braeburn apples were inoculated with approximately 1 × 108 or 7 × 106 CFU per apple, stored for 24 h, then washed with sterile water (control) or with sanitizers for the prescribed time. Recovered bacteria were enumerated on trypticase soy agar. Washing with water alone reduced the recoverable population by almost 2 logs from the starting population; this can be attributed to physical removal of organisms from the apple surface. No sanitizer, when used at the recommended concentration, reduced the recovered E. coli population by 5 logs under the test conditions. The most effective sanitizer, peroxyacetic acid, achieved a 5-log reduction when used at 2.1 to 14 times its recommended concentration, depending on the length of the wash time. The chlorine-phosphate buffer solution reduced the population by 5 logs when used at 3 to 15 times its recommended concentration, depending on wash time. At no concentration or wash time tested did chlorine dioxide achieve the 5-log reduction.

Electrocatalytic performance of a zinc sulphide nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode for the simultaneous determination of acetaminophen, guanine and adenine

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362-1371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallappa Mahanthappa ◽  
Nagaraju Kottam ◽  
Shivaraj Yellappa
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Zinc Sulphide ◽  
Modified Carbon Paste Electrode ◽  
Carbon Paste ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Guanine And Adenine ◽  
Paste Electrode

The simultaneous electroanalysis of acetaminophen (AC), guanine (G) and adenine (A) was successfully achieved on the zinc sulphide nanoparticles-modified carbon paste electrode (ZnS NPs/CPE) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS).

Microfluidic concentration enhancement of bio-analyte by temperature gradient focusing via Joule heating by DC plus AC field: A numerical approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Amitava Dutta ◽  
Apurba Kumar Santra ◽  
Ranjan Ganguly
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Gradient ◽  
Joule Heating ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Temperature Gradient Focusing ◽  
Ac Field ◽  
Target Analyte

Abstract We present a detailed numerical analysis of electrophoresis induced concentration of a bio-analyte facilitated by temperature gradient focusing in a phosphate buffer solution via Joule heating inside a converging-diverging microchannel. The purpose is to study the effects of frequency of AC field and channel width variation on the concentration of target analyte. We tune the buffer viscosity, conductivity and electrophoretic mobility of the analyte such that the electrophoretic velocity of the analyte locally balances the electroosmotic flow of the buffer, resulting in a local build-up of the analyte concentration in a target region. An AC field is superimposed on the applied DC field within the microchannel in such a way that the back pressure effect is minimized, resulting in minimum dispersion and high concentration of the target analyte. Axial transport of fluorescein-Na in the phosphate buffer solution is controlled by inducing temperature gradient through Joule heating. The technique leverages the fact that the buffer's ionic strength and viscosity depends on temperature, which in turn guides the analyte transport. A numerical model is proposed and a finite element-based solution of the coupled electric field, mass, momentum, energy and species equations are carried out. Simulation predict peak of 670-fold concentration of fluorescein-Na is achieved. The peak concentration is found to increase sharply as the channel throat width, while the axial spread of concentrated analyte increases at lower frequency of AC field. The results of the work may improve the design of micro concentrator.

scholarly journals Carbon-Based Magnetic Nanocarrier for Controlled Drug Release: A Green Synthesis Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Rodrigues ◽  
Lillian Barros ◽  
Isabel Ferreira ◽  
Luís Marchesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Colloidal Stability ◽  
Ph Dependence ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Controlled Drug Release ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Carbon Based

In this study, hydrophilic magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by green routes using a methanolic extract of Rubus ulmifolius Schott flowers. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were coated with carbon-based shell for drug delivery application. The nanocomposites were further chemically functionalized with nitric acid and, sequentially, with Pluronic® F68 (CMNPs-plur) to enhance their colloidal stability. The resulting material was dispersed in phosphate buffer solution at pH 7.4 to study the Doxorubicin loading. After shaking for 48 h, 99.13% of the drug was loaded by the nanocomposites. Subsequently, the drug release was studied in different working phosphate buffer solutions (i.e., PB pH 4.5, pH 6.0 and pH 7.4) to determine the efficiency of the synthesized material for drug delivery as pH-dependent drug nanocarrier. The results have shown a drug release quantity 18% higher in mimicking tumor environment than in the physiological one. Therefore, this study demonstrates the ability of CMNPs-plur to release a drug with pH dependence, which could be used in the future for the treatment of cancer "in situ" by means of controlled drug release.

scholarly journals THE PROPERTIES OF MAMMALIAN STRIATED MYOFIBRILS ISOLATED BY AN ENZYMATIC METHOD

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 655-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin F. Schick ◽  
George M. Hass
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Phosphate Buffer ◽  
Phosphate Buffer Solution ◽  
Potassium Phosphate ◽  
Microscopic Structure ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
Alkaline Side ◽  
Fresh Frozen

A new method for the isolation of large numbers of individual myofibrils from fresh mammalian skeletal and cardiac muscle has been described. Purification of isolated myofibrils was accomplished by differential centrifugation of fresh frozen sections of muscle which had been mechanically agitated after exposure for 30 to 45 minutes at 0°C. to the action of a dilute solution of trypsin in a phosphate buffer solution with a pH of 7.0 and an ionic strength of 0.25. Isolated skeletal myofibrils of the rabbit and man have similar constant solubility properties. They dissolve in an aqueous mixture of 0.5 N potassium chloride and 0.03 N sodium bicarbonate, giving viscous solutions which exhibit conspicuous birefringence of flow. They are soluble in buffer solutions (ionic strength 0.15) on the acid side of pH 4 and alkaline side of pH 10. If the ionic strength of potassium phosphate buffer solutions is increased to 0.5 or if the ionic strength of phosphate-borate buffer solutions is increased to a similar value by addition of potassium chloride, the isolated myofibrils become soluble at neutrality. Hence, it is possible, first to isolate the myofibrils and then dissolve them without deviating appreciably from physiologic ranges of pH. The extent to which myofibrils are modified by the conditions imposed by the method of isolation is unknown. There is no significant change in microscopic structure or optical birefringence. Furthermore, there is retention of a form of physiological reactivity, for when the isolated skeletal myofibrils are immersed in solutions of adenosinetriphosphate, they promptly and irreversibly change from elongated fibrils with distinct structural detail into dense spherical masses without recognizable microscopic structure.

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