Breakdown of Passive Film on Copper in Bicarbonate Solutions Containing Sulfate Ions

1992 ◽  
Vol 139 (9) ◽  
pp. 2409-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Milošev ◽  
M. Metikoš‐Huković ◽  
M. Drogowska ◽  
H. Ménard ◽  
L. Brassard
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Bicarbonate Solutions

Experimental Study on the Interaction Effect of Sulfate Ions and Chloride Ions on Reinforcement Corrosion in Marine Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Shide Song ◽  
Lujia Yang
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Pore Solution ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Reinforcement Corrosion ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Corrosion Risk

Reinforced concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials for marine structures. Due to the abundance of the aggressive ions such as chloride ions and sulfate ions in the seawater, the reinforcement exposed to the marine and costal environment are exposed to a high corrosion risk. Localized corrosion will occur once the passive film on the rebar is damaged. In this work, the corrosion behavior of the steel in the simulated pore solution containing with both sulfate ions and chloride ions are studied by using cyclic potentialdynamic polarization methods and the corrosion morphologies observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The test results show that the initial rebar corrosion is caused by the absorption of the chloride ions in the passive film. The sulfate ions nearly had no effect on the corrosion of the rebar in pore solution and it can further mitigate the pitting corrosion in chloride containing pore solution.

Electrochemical Study of Steel Corrosion in Saturated Calcium Hydroxide Solution with Chloride Ions and Sulfate Ions

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2634 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (10) ◽  
pp. 1063-1082 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunze Xu ◽  
Limin He ◽  
Lujia Yang ◽  
Xiaona Wang ◽  
Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Hydroxide ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Localized Corrosion ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Q235 Carbon Steel

The corrosion of Q235 carbon steel in the saturated calcium hydroxide solution containing chloride ions and sulfate ions are studied using electrochemical methods and wire beam electrode (WBE) sensor. The cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that localized corrosion was mainly induced by the adsorption of chloride ions on the passive film. When the passive film is intact, sulfate ions are not corrosive to the passive film and it can inhibit the pitting initiation caused by the chloride ions. However, the WBE test results indicate that once a stable pit has already formed, sulfate ions cannot mitigate the pitting corrosion, and it can further promote the propagation of the major anodic area. Through the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, it can be found that the addition of sulfate ions in the solution containing chloride ions will not result in the rise of the general corrosion rate.

Corrosion of Post-Tensioned Tendons with Deficient Grout, Part 1: Electrochemical Behavior of Steel in Alkaline Sulfate Solutions

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2541 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.K. Krishna Vigneshwaran ◽  
S. Permeh ◽  
M. Echeverría ◽  
K. Lau ◽  
I. Lasa
Keyword(s):  
Passive Film ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Steady State Condition ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Sulfate Solutions ◽  
Corrosion Of Steel ◽  
Post Tensioned

Severe corrosion recently documented in Florida post-tensioned bridges were related to grout segregation that created deficient grout with characteristics of having low chloride content, high sulfate concentration, high pore water pH, and high moisture content. The role of elevated sulfate concentrations in the development of steel corrosion in deficient grout has not been elucidated. As first approach to determine the corrosion mechanism of steel strand in deficient grout, the objective of the research, described here, was to evaluate the role of sulfate ions on the corrosion of steel in alkaline solutions. Steel coupons were exposed to two different alkaline solutions (SPS) simulating pore solutions with pH 12.6 (SPS1) or 13.3 (SPS2) with varying sodium sulfate levels (early fixed content and later increments). Electrochemical experiments included the steady-state condition and potentiodynamic polarization tests. Solution pH was found as an important parameter in the corrosion development of steel in sulfate SPS solutions. In the highly SPS2 solution (pH 13), sulfate ions did not impair passive film growth or stability. In the moderate SPS1 solution (pH 12.6), early fixed sulfate presence could be aggressive by impairing passive film development; however, even high levels of later increments of sulfates cannot depassivate steel. The instability of the passive film in alkaline sulfate solutions resulted in pitting corrosion of steel.

The Effects of Carbonate-Bicarbonate Concentration on Empirical Corrosion Diagram of Mild Steel as a Material of Geological Disposal Package for High Level Nuclear Wastes

1996 ◽  
Vol 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guen Nakayama ◽  
Yuichi Fukaya ◽  
Masatsune Akashi
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Human Life ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Nuclear Wastes ◽  
Bicarbonate Concentration ◽  
Sulfate Ions ◽  
Geological Disposal ◽  
Groundwater Environment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Corrosion Diagram

ABSTRACTIn the scheme for geological disposal of high level radioactive nuclear wastes, the burial pit is to be isolated from the sphere of human life by a multiple-barrier system, which consists of an artificial barrier, composed of a canister, an overpack and a bentonite cushioning layer, and a natural barrier, which is essentially the bedrock. As the greatest as well as essentially the sole detriment to its integrity would be corrosion by groundwater. The groundwater comes to it seeping through the bentonite zone, thereby attaining conceivably the pH of transition from general corrosion to passivity, pHd, the behaviors of mild steel in such a groundwater environment have been examined. It has been shown that the pHd is lowered (enlargement of the passivity domain) with rising temperature and carbonate-bicarbonate concentration, while it is raised (enlargement of the general corrosion region) with increasing concentrations of chloride and sulfate ions.

Effect of Milling Parameters on the Stability of the Passive Film of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael dos Santos Pereira ◽  
Roosevelt Droppa ◽  
Mara Cristina Lopes de Oliveira ◽  
Renato Altobelli Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Passive Film ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Milling Parameters ◽  
The Stability
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