The Impact of Dummy Gate Processing on Si-Cap-Free SiGe Passivation: A Physical Characterization Study on Strained SiGe 25% and 45%

The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the study routine and physical activity of Physical Education students. The study included, by convenience sampling, 721 undergraduate Physical Education students from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. For data collection, a questionnaire containing questions about sample characterization, study routine and characteristics of physical activity before and during social distancing/isolation was used. This instrument was made available by Google Forms, between April 13th and May 31st of 2020. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. It was found that 35% of the students had their studies completely interrupted and 27.9% of them reported an increase in their load of study routine activities. The time spent on television went from one to two hours a day (47.7%) to up to four hours (63.7%), with women having greater screen time for television (> 3h / day; p = 0.027) during the pandemic period. There was an increase from 3.1% to 18.7% of students who were not practicing any physical activity. Those who remained active decreased the number of days of weekly practice and the average time per session (p < 0.001). Thus, it is necessary to think about strategies to increase and maintain the levels of physical activity, as means of protection and reduction of health damages, caused by the infection of the new coronavirus and by the social distancing/isolation imposed to reduce the transmission of the virus.

Download Full-text

New Observations in LOD Effect of 45-nm P-MOSFETs With Strained SiGe Source/Drain and Dummy Gate

IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices ◽

10.1109/ted.2009.2022690 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 56 (8) ◽

pp. 1618-1623 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Chung-Yun Cheng ◽

Yean-Kuen Fang ◽

Jang-Cheng Hsieh ◽

Sheng-Jier Yang ◽

Yi-Ming Sheu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dummy Gate ◽

Strained Sige

Download Full-text

Accounting for Material Changes in Decellularized Tissue with Underutilized Methodologies

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2021/6696295 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Ryan A. Behmer Hansen ◽

Xinming Wang ◽

Gitanjali Kaw ◽

Valinteshley Pierre ◽

Samuel E. Senyo

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Function Analysis ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Physical Characterization ◽

Molecular Profile ◽

Tissue Properties ◽

Engineering Research ◽

Functional Features ◽

The Impact

Tissue decellularization has rapidly developed to be a practical approach in tissue engineering research; biological tissue is cleared of cells resulting in a protein-rich husk as a natural scaffold for growing transplanted cells as a donor organ therapy. Minimally processed, acellular extracellular matrix reproduces natural interactions with cells in vitro and for tissue engineering applications in animal models. There are many decellularization techniques that achieve preservation of molecular profile (proteins and sugars), microstructure features such as organization of ECM layers (interstitial matrix and basement membrane) and organ level macrofeatures (vasculature and tissue compartments). While structural and molecular cues receive attention, mechanical and material properties of decellularized tissues are not often discussed. The effects of decellularization on an organ depend on the tissue properties, clearing mechanism, chemical interactions, solubility, temperature, and treatment duration. Physical characterization by a few labs including work from the authors provides evidence that decellularization protocols should be tailored to specific research questions. Physical characterization beyond histology and immunohistochemistry of the decellularized matrix (dECM) extends evaluation of retained functional features of the original tissue. We direct our attention to current technologies that can be employed for structure function analysis of dECM using underutilized tools such as atomic force microscopy (AFM), cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mass spectrometry, and rheometry. Structural imaging and mechanical functional testing combined with high-throughput molecular analyses opens a new approach for a deeper appreciation of how cellular behavior is influenced by the isolated microenvironment (specifically dECM). Additionally, the impact of these features with different decellularization techniques and generation of synthetic material scaffolds with desired attributes are informed. Ultimately, this mechanical profiling provides a new dimension to our understanding of decellularized matrix and its role in new applications.

Download Full-text

The Characterization of Damage Propagation in BGA’s on Flip-Chip Electronic Packages

Advances in Electronic Packaging, Parts A, B, and C ◽

10.1115/ipack2005-73429 ◽

2005 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kayleen L. E. Helms ◽

Betty Phillips

Keyword(s):

Solder Joint ◽

Failure Analysis ◽

Flip Chip ◽

Internal Heat ◽

Design Guidelines ◽

Electronic Packages ◽

Analysis Technique ◽

Characterization Study ◽

Multiple Measurements ◽

The Impact

A characterization study is undertaken to monitor damage progression at the second-level interconnect in BGA’s on flip-chip electronic packages. Specifically, the progression of solder joint cracking under use conditions (thermal and combined thermomechanical loading) is investigated. The study uses a multi-color dye and peel failure analysis technique to track the initiation and propagation of solder joint cracks under loading. The approach being used differs from conventional failure analysis techniques in that multiple measurements of damage growth are obtained from the same part providing a full damage history. By using multiple dye colors, all crack initiation points, directions of propagation, and surface crack areas are obtainable experimentally. The scope of the study includes investigating the impact of such factors as die size, package size, BGA size, BGA pitch, enabling load, and internal heat spreaders (IHS’s) on the damage history observed. Based on this study, investigation of sequential loading can be pursued to identify directions and design guidelines for improving solder joint reliability of future BGA’s on flip-chip electronic packages.

Download Full-text

Poly-Silicon Wet Removal for Replacement Gate Integration Scheme: Impact of Process Parameters on the Removal Rate

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.53 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 187 ◽

pp. 53-56 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farid Sebaai ◽

Anabela Veloso ◽

Martine Claes ◽

Katia Devriendt ◽

Stephan Brus ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Process Optimization ◽

Process Integration ◽

Removal Rate ◽

Integration Scheme ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Poly Silicon ◽

Dummy Gate ◽

The Impact ◽

Suitable Process ◽

Wet Removal

We report in this work some process optimization effort in performing poly silicon removal for replacement gate process integration. Successful wet poly silicon removal after dummy gate patterning is not only conditioned by suitable process conditions during wet removal but is also impacted by process steps prior to gate removal A thorough evaluation of the impact on poly removal from dopants or contaminants introduced in the poly silicon by previous processing is done, resulting in an optimized integration flow with successful poly removal. This work also shows that use of diluted TMAH chemistry instead of diluted ammonia in performing poly silicon removal provides better ability in removing poly silicon especially in narrow gate structures.

Download Full-text

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178404 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

K. P. Stanyukovich ◽

V. A. Bronshten

Keyword(s):

Explosive Charge ◽

The Moon ◽

Meteorite Impacts ◽

The Earth ◽

Lunar Craters ◽

The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

Download Full-text

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178222 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 169-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Green

Keyword(s):

Lunar Surface ◽

Probable Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Lunar Exploration ◽

Geological Model ◽

Apply Geophysics ◽

Surface Features ◽

The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Download Full-text

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100014718 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duncan Steel

Keyword(s):

Probability Distributions ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Significant Fraction ◽

Organic Chemicals ◽

Impact Speed ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Download Full-text