Light Output and X-Ray Attenuation Measurements for Some Commercial Intensifying Screens

Radiology ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 128 (3) ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Michael Moores ◽  
Anne Walker
Keyword(s):  
Light Output ◽  
X Ray

Reciprocal Space Mapping of X-Ray Diffraction Intensity of GaN-Based Laser Diodes Grown on GaN Substrates

2003 ◽  
Vol 798 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Tachibana ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
S. Saito ◽  
S. Nunoue ◽  
H. Katsuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Output Power ◽  
Sapphire Substrate ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Space Mapping ◽  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Epitaxial Layers ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Light Output Power ◽  
Reciprocal Space Mapping ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTCharacterization by reciprocal space mapping of x-ray diffraction (XRD) intensity was carried out for epitaxial layers of GaN-based laser structures on two GaN substrates: GaN substrate and GaN template on sapphire substrate. The difference between these two substrates was shown clearly. The distribution of XRD intensity of the epitaxial layers on GaN substrate was smaller than that of the epitaxial layers on GaN template on sapphire substrate. In the lasers with the epitaxial structure on GaN substrate, the light output power was as high as 200 mW under continuous-wave operation at room temperature. Excellent noise characteristics with relative intensity noise of -132 dB/Hz were also obtained at a low light output power of 3 mW without any high-frequency modulation. These results support that GaN substrates are promising for realizing GaN-based lasers with high performance.

Suppression of BaF2 Slow Component of X-RAY Luminescence in Non-Stoichiometric Bao.9R0.1F2.1 Crystals (R=Rare Earth Element)

1994 ◽  
Vol 348 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Sobolev ◽  
E.A. Krivandina ◽  
S.E. Derenzo ◽  
W.W. Moses ◽  
A.C. West
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Element ◽  
Earth Element ◽  
Dopant Concentration ◽  
Slow Component ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Fast Component ◽  
Significant Suppression ◽  
Low Light ◽  
X Ray

ABSTRACTA series of BaF2 crystals doped with 10% mole fraction of each rare earth element has been grown, and the effect of these dopants on the slow luminescence (due to anionic self trapped excitons) and fast luminescence (due to core-valence transitions) has been studied. While significant suppression was observed for both components, the best dopants for suppressing the slow component of barium fluoride (up to 25-50%) while maintaining the luminosity of the fast component are La, Y, and Lu. The luminescence of Ba0.9Eu0.1F2.1 is almost entirely fast (>90%), but with low light output. For two rare earth dopants (La and Gd), the effect of slow and fast component suppression was studied as a function of concentration (Ba1-xRxF2+x with x≦0.5 for R=La and x≦0.3 for R=Gd). The suppression is non-linear with dopant concentration, with the relative degree of slow component suppression correlated with the melting point of these samples.

scholarly journals Effect of sulfur on the scintillation properties of mixed ZnSxSe1–x crystals

2018 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
O. G. Trubaieva ◽  
M. A. Chaika ◽  
O. V. Zelenskaya ◽  
A. I. Lalayants ◽  
S. N. Galkin
Keyword(s):  
Directional Solidification ◽  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Luminescence Spectra ◽  
Bulk Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
Better Than

ZnSxSe1–x based luminescent materials are promising for use as X-ray and g-ray detectors. The main advantage of ZnSxSe1–x crystals is the possibility of making of solid solutions over an entire X-range. It was found that varying the composition of ZnSxSe1–x crystals can change their luminescent properties. Many studies were focused on obtaining ZnSxSe1–x mixed crystals, most using a vapour phase growth methods, and only some of works used the directional solidification. The directional solidification techniques allow growing large ZnSxSe1–x crystals for high-energy particles detectors. Practical use, however, requires the knowledge about luminescent properties of ZnSxSe1–x bulk crystals. This study reports the effect of sulfur content on basic properties of ZnSxSe1–xx bulk crystals grown by Bridgman-Stockbarger method. Six different compounds were studied: ZnS0.07Se0.93, ZnS0.15Se0.85, ZnS0.22Se0.78, ZnS0.28Se0.72, ZnS0.32Se0.68, ZnS0.39Se0.61. The ZnSe(Al) and ZnSe(Te) crystals grown at the similar conditions were used as reference. X-ray luminescence was studied using РЕИС-И (REIS-I) X-ray source (Cu, U = 10—45 kV). КСВУ-23 (KSVU-23) spectrophotometer was used to analyse the emission spectra. The afterglow level h(%) was determined by Smiths Heimann AMS-1 spectrophotometer at excitation by such X-ray and g-ray sources as 123Cs and 241Am (59.5 keV). Light output is one of the main characteristics of the scintillator, which determines its quality as a detector. The ZnSxSe1-x crystals demonstrated increase in the intensity of X-ray induced luminescence spectra with increasing of sulfur content and reached maximum for ZnS0.22Se0.78 composition. Light output of ZnSxSe1–x bulk crystals are higher than those of ZnSe(Te) and ZnSe(Al) commercial crystals. Moreover, thermal stability of scintillation light output of ZnSxSe1–x bulk crystals are also better than those. This investigation has revealed that basic properties of ZnSxSe1–x based scintillation detectors are better than those of ZnSe(Te) and ZnSe(Al).

scholarly journals On the Optical Response of Tellurium Activated Zinc Selenide ZnSe:Te Single Crystal

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 961
Author(s):  
Dionysios Linardatos ◽  
Anastasios Konstantinidis ◽  
Ioannis Valais ◽  
Konstantinos Ninos ◽  
Nektarios Kalyvas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Quantum Efficiency ◽  
Zinc Selenide ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Detective Quantum Efficiency ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Luminescence Efficiency ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency

In this study, the light output of a zinc selenide activated with tellurium (ZnSe: Te) single crystal was measured for X-ray radiography applications. A cubic crystal (10 × 10 × 10 mm) was irradiated using X-rays with tube voltages from 50 to 130 kV. The resulting energy absorption efficiency, detective quantum efficiency, and absolute luminescence efficiency were compared to published data for equally sized GSO: Ce (gadolinium orthosilicate) and BGO (bismuth germanium oxide) crystals. The emitted light was examined to estimate the spectral compatibility with widely used optical sensors. Energy absorption efficiency and detective quantum efficiency of ZnSe: Te and BGO were found to be similar, within the X-ray energies in question. Light output of all three crystals showed a tendency to increase with increasing X-ray tube voltage, but ZnSe: Te stood at least 2 EU higher than the others. ZnSe: Te can be coupled effectively with certain complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors (CMOS), photocathodes, and charge-coupled-devices (CCD), as the effective luminescence efficiency results assert. These properties render the material suitable for various imaging applications, dual-energy arrays included.

Significant Enhancement in Light Output of Photonic-Crystal-Based YAG:Ce Scintillator for Soft X-Ray Detectors

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 2435-2439
Author(s):  
HuaiNa Yu ◽  
XiangYu Meng ◽  
ZhenHua Chen ◽  
XiangJun Zhen ◽  
Jun Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
X Ray

Bio-mimetic integrated surface nano structures for medical imaging scintillation materials

2013 ◽  
Vol 1498 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
P. Pignalosa ◽  
B. Liu ◽  
W. Guo ◽  
X. Duan ◽  
Y. Yi
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Efficiency Enhancement ◽  
Large Area ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nano Structures ◽  
Output Efficiency ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACTWe have improved bio-inspired Moth eye nanostructures to enhance the scintillator materials external quantum efficiency significantly. As a proof of concept, we have demonstrated very high light output efficiency enhancement for Lu2SiO5:Ce3+ (LSO:Ce) film in large area. The X-ray mammographic instrument was employed to demonstrate the light output enhancement of the Lu2SiO5:Ce thin film with bio-inspired Moth eye-like nano photonic structures. Our work could be extended to other thin film scintillator materials and is promising to achieve lower patient dose, higher resolution image of human organs and even smaller scale medical imaging.

Light output measurements and computational models of microcolumnar CsI scintillators for x-ray imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 600-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nillius ◽  
Wlodek Klamra ◽  
Pawel Sibczynski ◽  
Diksha Sharma ◽  
Mats Danielsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Light Output ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging

Application of a Pulsed Soft X-Ray System to the Determination of Phosphor Response Characteristics

1963 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 441-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. McCue
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Absolute Calibration ◽  
Calibration Data ◽  
Scintillation Light ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Response Characteristics ◽  
Potential Applications

AbstractA compact, high-intensity pulsed soft X-ray system has been used to study the response characteristics of a plastic scintillation phosphor (NE-102). In particular, the decay characteristics of this phosphor plated on one surface with a thin (<1000 Å) layer of aluminum were investigated. Although, absolute calibration of the X-ray source had not been performed, estimates of X-ray scintillation efficiency were obtained, using two separate methods, which were in agreement to within a factor of two.The primary purpose of this cursory program was to establish the validity of transferring calibration data from plated to unplated NE-102 scintillators employed in a photometric recording system. The results of the ensuing investigation indicated the equivalence of the two, but revealed several interesting and unsuspected phenomena. These were (1) an apparent scintillation light reflectance component of zero from the plated aluminum “mirror” surface, (2) a change in pulse waveform from electron beam input to scintillation light output, and (3) a 90-nsec delay between electron beam and photomultiplier signals. The methods employed in obtaining and verifying these data are subject to errors from uncertainty in the characteristics of several components employed in the experimental setup. These uncertainties and other measurement errors caused independent estimates of the external scintillation light efficiency to range from 0.1 to 0.2 %.Other potential applications of a pulsed soft X-ray system to measurement problems in industry and research include dynamic studies in the fields of X-ray crystallography, instrumental methods of materials analysis, and radiography of low-density subjects.

La2Hf2O7:Ti4+ ceramic scintillator for x-ray imaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaming Ji ◽  
Danyu Jiang ◽  
Jianlin Shi
Keyword(s):  
Incident Light ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Light Output ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Broad Emission Band ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Charge Transfer Transitions ◽  
Relative Light Output

Transparent ceramic scintillators of La2Hf2O7:Ti4+ were developed by a novel combustion synthesis method. The optical transmittance for a 1.0-mm-thick specimen is about 60% of the incident light, and the x-ray stopping power is also quiet high. The broad emission band centered at 475 nm originates from the oxide-Ti4+ charge-transfer transitions, which renders fast decay time on the order of 10 μs. The highest relative light output has reached about 1.5 times that of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO) single crystal when excited by 120 kV x-rays.

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