scholarly journals Demographic Representation and Collective Storytelling in the Me Too Twitter Hashtag Activism Movement

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CSCW1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Aaron Mueller ◽  
Zach Wood-Doughty ◽  
Silvio Amir ◽  
Mark Dredze ◽  
Alicia Lynn Nobles
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Ross Camidge ◽  
Haeseong Park ◽  
Karen E Smoyer ◽  
Ira Jacobs ◽  
Lauren J Lee ◽  
...  

Aim: To provide an assessment of published literature on the demographic representation in Phase I trials of biopharmaceutical oncology agents. Materials & methods: We conducted a rapid evidence assessment to identify demographic representation reported in Phase I clinical trials for biopharmaceutical oncology agents published in 2019. Results: Globally, the population was predominantly White/Caucasian (62.2%). In the USA, the distribution was heavily skewed toward White/Caucasian (84.2%), with minimal representation of Blacks/African–Americans (7.3%), Asians (3.4%), Hispanics/Latinos (2.8%) or other race/ethnicity groups. Conclusion: Our data highlight that Phase I oncology trials do not reflect the population at large, which may perpetuate health disparities. Further research is needed to understand and address barriers to participation, particularly among under-represented groups


Author(s):  
Carles Pamíes

Los tipos de listas son un elemento central en los sistemas electorales, en particular por sus implicaciones en el funcionamiento de la democracia. Sin embargo, no es habitual encontrar estudios sobre cómo esos atributos pueden estar relacionados con el tipo de candidatos que se incluyen en esas listas. Tras una panorámica general de los distintos tipos de listas y la justificación de los casos de España y Alemania —dos sistemas distintos tanto en sus reglas formales como informales—. Tras esto, usamos los datos comparados de una encuesta trasnacional de ámbito europeo para ver las diferencias en los perfiles de los parlamentarios en las cámaras bajas de ambos países. Nuestra primera expectativa era encontrar mayor inclusividad en la selección en sistemas de listas más abiertas como el alemán, lo cual se confirma. Paralelamente, nuestra expectativa era que un sistema de listas cerradas como el español favorecería mayor inclusividad en los perfiles parlamentarios, pero esto es solo para el caso del género, mientras que ocurre lo contrario para edad y para el nivel y el perfil educativo. Estos resultados abren una vía de investigación sobre la relación entre los factores formales e informales de la selección de candidatos y los perfiles demográficos de representación.Electoral lists are a key element in electoral systems, particularly because of their implications for the functioning of democracy. However, it is not usual to find studies on how these attributes may be related to the type of candidates included in the electoral lists. We start with an overview of the different types of lists and we portray the cases of Spain and Germany - two different systems in both their formal and informal rules. After that, we use the comparative data of a transnational European survey to see the differences in the profiles of the parliamentarians in the lower houses of both countries. We firstly expected that a more open list system —the German case— would be more inclusive in terms of selection, which was confirmed. We also expected our close-list system in Spain to be more inclusive in parliamentary profiles, and this was the case only for gender, while in terms of age and educational levels and profiles was not. These results allow new inquiries to further research on the relationship between formal and informal factors of candidate selection and demographic representation profiles.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott J. Peters ◽  
Matthew McBee

Scholars and practitioners within gifted and talented education have devoted substantial effort to understanding and mitigating the disproportional representation of students from certain racial / ethnic, income, language, and disability groups. In mitigating this underrepresentation, most research has focused on the actual identification or evaluation criteria, with comparatively little research considering how the screening phase might be manipulated in order to facilitate the proportional identification of underrepresented groups. This paper uses numerical methods to evaluate if, and under what conditions, modified screening criteria can be used as a way to increase the representation of traditionally underrepresented groups in gifted education programs. The results show that this intervention has only a modest effect on reducing disproportionality. It can only have an impact when the identification process is poorly-designed at baseline.


Crisis ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 461-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda N. Barczyk ◽  
Karen Piper ◽  
Sarah V. Duzinski ◽  
Mary Klingensmith ◽  
Karla A. Lawson

Abstract. Background: Surveillance systems capturing instances of self-directed violence (SDV) continue to lack uniform nomenclature and classification methodology. Aims: To apply and compare two retrospective surveillance approaches to youth experiencing SDV presenting to two urban hospitals with Level I Trauma Centers. Method: Two suicide attempt surveillance methods where retrospectively applied to our SDV cohort: (a) a rigorous method facilitated by medical record review and application of standardized classification; and (b) a common surveillance method conducted by systematic queries of suicide attempt key terms and diagnosis codes among hospital databases. Results: Rigorous surveillance identified 249 patients attempting suicide. The common method's querying suicide attempt in the chief complaint field had a high positive predictive value and specificity; however, sensitivity was low. Limitations: Authors were unable to determine whether all SDV encounters during the study timeframe were identified for initial screening owing to the hospital's lack of a uniform nomenclature or classification system. Conclusion: Results showed underreporting of suicide attempt cases, inadequate sensitivity and specificity in common surveillance methods, and skewed demographic representation compared with the rigorous surveillance method. This study elucidates the negative impact of inconsistent SDV nomenclature including impeding effective patient identification, treatment, surveillance, and generalizable research.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Karell ◽  
Andrew Micah Lindner

The American Sociological Association (ASA) and its sections have taken on new efforts at increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in recent years. In 2020-21, the Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology (CITAMS) section’s DEI Committee conducted a survey of section elected officials and award winners (n=42). This visualization reports the results of survey participants’ self-identified demographic group memberships across section offices and awards, and compares them to section- and ASA-wide baselines. By doing so, the visualization offers an example of how sections can assess the racial and gender representation of their section leadership and award recipients relative to demographics of the section and ASA as a whole.


2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brynn Dombroski ◽  
Matthew Nitzken ◽  
Ahmed Elnakib ◽  
Fahmi Khalifa ◽  
Andrew Switala ◽  
...  

AbstractMRI studies on abnormal brain development are dependent on the quality, quantity, and type of normative development data available for comparison. Limitations affecting previous studies on normative development include small sample sizes, lack of demographic representation, heterogeneous subject populations, and inadequate longitudinal data. The National Institutes of Health Pediatric MRI Data Repository (NIHPD) for normative development was designed to address the aforementioned issues in reliability measures of control subjects for comparison studies. The subjects were recruited from six Pediatric Study Centers nationwide to create the largest, non-biased, longitudinal database of the developing brain. Using the NIHPD, we applied a 3D shape analysis method involving spherical harmonics to identify the cortical surface complexity of 396 subjects (210 female; 186 male) between the ages of 4.8 y and 22.3 y. MRI data had been obtained at one, two, or three time points approximately two years apart. A total of 144 participants (79 female; 65 male) provided MRI data from all time points. Our results confirm a direct correlation between cortical complexity and age in both males and females. Additionally, within the examined age range, females displayed consistently and significantly greater cortical complexity than males. Findings suggest that the underlying neural circuitry within male and female brains is different, possibly explaining observations of sexual dimorphism in social interaction, communication, and higher cognitive processes.


Some professions have lower social weight than others, with strength and power below their demographic representation or the use of their services by the population. These can be referred to as minority professions. Archivists, librarians, documentalists, and (perhaps) museologists represent one such example. Some causes of minoritization are general to the profession (e.g., civil servants, auxiliary positions, or work mostly carried out by women). This article does not deal with these, but rather the circumstances in Spain that exacerbate this effect. Two indicators of minority professions are: (1) the absence of the profession from forums where problems and solutions in the world of information are debated, and (2) a low degree of attractiveness of such studies to young people. This article attempts to define the value that a profession contributes to society and analyzes the three elements of such minorization that have been considered particularly Spanish: the secondaryization of studies, the depolitization of professional associations, and the fragmentation of the collective. For each of these, approaches to facilitate the reversal of this professional decline are presented. The work ends with a final reflection on the negative impacts of not reversing this effect. Resumen Algunas profesiones tienen un peso social menor que otras. Su fuerza y poder están por debajo de su peso demográfico o del uso de sus servicios por parte de la población. Nos podemos referir a estas profesiones como profesiones minorizadas. La formada por archiveros, bibliotecas, documentalistas y (quizá) museólogos lo es. Algunas causas de la minorización son generales a la profesión (trabajo funcionarial, auxiliar y mayoritariamente femenino). El artículo no trata éstas, sino las circunstancias que se dan en España que agudizan esta minorización profesional. Dos indicadores de la minorización son: 1) ausencia de la profesión en los foros donde se debaten problemas y soluciones del mundo de la información, y 2) bajo grado de atracción de los estudios entre los jóvenes. En este artículo se intenta definir en qué consiste el valor que aporta la profesión a la sociedad y se analizan los que se han considerado los tres elementos propiamente españoles de minorización, a saber: la secundarización de los estudios, la apolitización de las asociaciones profesionales, y la fragmentación del colectivo. Para cada uno de ellos se dan vías que facilitarían la reversión de esta disminución profesional. Se termina con una reflexión final sobre los impactos negativos de no revertirla.


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